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1.
利用实测流体压力(DST)测试结果,结合声波和密度测井资料,对超压段所识别的不均衡压实作用和生烃作用两种超
压成因机制下的实测压力和有效应力随深度的变化特征进行了分析,结果表明:①两种不同成因机制下的实测压力和有效应力特
征具有明显的差异性,不均衡压实作用在压实过程中导致流体排出受阻,地层流体承担上覆岩层压力形成超压,表现为阻止了地
层有效应力增大,因此其实测压力增大段和静岩压力增大趋势大体一致,而有效应力随深度基本保持不变;生油作用在地层正常
压实之后形成超压,发育程度不受上覆岩层压力的影响,因此超压的增大在深度上与上覆岩层压力增大不具有一致性,且超压对
有效应力的影响要小于不均衡压实作用;②这两种不同的超压成因使得有效应力的变化随着声波速度而出现加载和卸载两种趋
势,从而可以用来判断超压成因,利用实测资料计算的有效应力结果说明东营凹陷超压成因机制包括不均衡压实作用和生油作
用,但不均衡压实作用形成超压的范围和规模较小,生油作用对深部大规模超压和强超压的形成至关重要。 相似文献
压成因机制下的实测压力和有效应力随深度的变化特征进行了分析,结果表明:①两种不同成因机制下的实测压力和有效应力特
征具有明显的差异性,不均衡压实作用在压实过程中导致流体排出受阻,地层流体承担上覆岩层压力形成超压,表现为阻止了地
层有效应力增大,因此其实测压力增大段和静岩压力增大趋势大体一致,而有效应力随深度基本保持不变;生油作用在地层正常
压实之后形成超压,发育程度不受上覆岩层压力的影响,因此超压的增大在深度上与上覆岩层压力增大不具有一致性,且超压对
有效应力的影响要小于不均衡压实作用;②这两种不同的超压成因使得有效应力的变化随着声波速度而出现加载和卸载两种趋
势,从而可以用来判断超压成因,利用实测资料计算的有效应力结果说明东营凹陷超压成因机制包括不均衡压实作用和生油作
用,但不均衡压实作用形成超压的范围和规模较小,生油作用对深部大规模超压和强超压的形成至关重要。 相似文献
2.
流体压力场分布特征对泥岩裂缝油藏勘探和开发具有非常重要的作用,而盐间地层的压力分布有其特殊性。综合利用
钻井、泥岩测井声波时差和地震资料,分析了东濮凹陷柳屯洼陷沙三上亚段的流体压力场特征,为该盐间泥岩裂缝油藏的进一步
研究奠定了基础。研究结果表明:①本区沙三上亚段压力结构可划分为正常-渐变-弱超压型和正常-突变-强超压型两大类;
②盐间泥岩裂缝油藏位于洼陷超高压力系统内;③现今沙三上亚段压力剖面具有东西分异、上下分带、受控于膏盐岩分布的特点,
各类型裂缝和膏盐岩形成的微构造组成了该亚段纵横向的复杂输导网络系统;④膏盐岩封盖和石膏脱水是影响本区超压发育的
重要机制之一,并造成了洼陷东西两侧流体压力场特征的差异。 相似文献
钻井、泥岩测井声波时差和地震资料,分析了东濮凹陷柳屯洼陷沙三上亚段的流体压力场特征,为该盐间泥岩裂缝油藏的进一步
研究奠定了基础。研究结果表明:①本区沙三上亚段压力结构可划分为正常-渐变-弱超压型和正常-突变-强超压型两大类;
②盐间泥岩裂缝油藏位于洼陷超高压力系统内;③现今沙三上亚段压力剖面具有东西分异、上下分带、受控于膏盐岩分布的特点,
各类型裂缝和膏盐岩形成的微构造组成了该亚段纵横向的复杂输导网络系统;④膏盐岩封盖和石膏脱水是影响本区超压发育的
重要机制之一,并造成了洼陷东西两侧流体压力场特征的差异。 相似文献
3.
莱州湾凹陷南斜坡原油地球化学特征及差异分布成因 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据原油宏观地球化学特点,结合原油沉积环境及成熟度特征划分原油成因类型,分析莱州湾凹陷超压及其与油气成藏关系,明确南斜坡油气差异成藏规律。结果表明:莱州湾凹陷南斜坡原油可划分为3种成因类型,分别为沙三淡水型、沙四咸化型和混源型;原油分布明显受沙三中—下亚段下部"超压系统"控制,在超压系统作用下,沙三段烃源岩生成的油气以垂向及侧向运移为主;在上覆超压系统围限作用下,沙四段烃源岩生成的油气多发生侧向运移,斜坡内带原油类型为沙三淡水型;斜坡外带原油类型表现为沙四咸化型和混源型。该结果为研究区下一步油气勘探提供指导。 相似文献
4.
《地质科技通报》2016,35(3):173
近年来西湖凹陷中央背斜带中北部深层天然气勘探取得了重大突破,储层品质是其成藏的主控因素。为探究研究区优质储层发育规律,以铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射定量分析等技术手段,结合区域地质背景对储层发育控制因素进行了研究。结果证实,研究区优质储层黏土矿物以绿泥石为主,储层物性与绿泥石相对含量正相关性明显。绿泥石膜能够有效抑制石英次生加大,保护原生孔隙,也为次生溶蚀创造了必要的流体活动空间。研究区绿泥石主要发育在三角洲平原与三角洲前缘过渡带,富铁、弱碱性沉积水介质环境;深埋过程中随着半封闭流体体系的形成与超压流体的活动,使沉淀在碎屑颗粒表面富铁黏土质发生重结晶作用,在颗粒表面形成1~3期绿泥石环边,分别为分布于颗粒表面的薄膜绿泥石、垂直于绿泥石包膜生长的叶片状绿泥石以及充填于孔隙中的玫瑰花簇状绿泥石集合体。绿泥石垂向分带性明显,其顶界与超压流体顶界一致。绿泥石的分布与沉积相带、沉积水介质及超压流体活动密切相关。 相似文献
5.
《地质科技通报》2016,35(5):103
基于现今压力场特征分析,应用PetroMod盆地模拟软件中1D及2D古超压计算方法,对伊通盆地莫里青断陷地层压力演化进行了模拟恢复,现今莫里青断陷纵向上大致以2 700 m为储层超压顶面,超压大于双阳组二段及其以下地层。莫里青断陷双阳组及奢岭组地层压力演化都经历了始新世早-中期(57.8~39 Ma)、中始新世-晚渐新世(39~23.7 Ma)、晚渐新世-现今(23.7~0 Ma)3个压力积累-释放旋回,不同之处在于奢岭组超压形成较晚且不同压力旋回内最大剩余压力及超压释放幅度都小于双阳组超压。超压演化的旋回性与构造运动的旋回性具有明显的一致性,抬升剥蚀是导致泄压的主要因素且构造抬升活动强度与剩余压力释放具有正相关性。第一次超压积累主要为始新统双阳组及奢岭组地层欠压实增压所致,第二次、三次增压则以双阳组及奢岭组源岩的生烃作用为主导,现存超压形成于中新世初期以来,属晚期超压。应用盆地模拟方法研究沉积盆地古压力是一种行之有效的方法,不仅能够为压力演化的研究提供可靠的依据,而且可以预测现今压力分布。 相似文献
6.
基于流变理论的数字、物理模拟以及生产实测数据分析均表明,异常流体压力条件下的应力莫尔圆在位移过程中存在直径(差异应力)的耦合变化,即最小水平应力自常压条件向超压条件逐渐增大。耦合规律显示,异常流体压力的保存明显受控于区域与局部异常流体压力间的差异性。厚层泥岩中流体压力的增高相对均一,区域性异常流体压力达到或超过垂向应力则易产生流化作用或水平张裂缝。倾斜砂岩顶点可存在较强的局部异常流体压力,该顶点处破裂压力会伴随区域流体压力的增高而增大,破裂压力可明显超过负载压力;且区域异常流体压力增高过程中的破裂方式(裂缝倾角)也存在明显变化。耦合机制下,异常流体压力的保存或泄放状态突破了传统预测值,也为相关异常地质过程成因探究和技术应用研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
7.
《东北石油大学学报》2015,(5)
统计地层实测压力数据,研究渤海湾盆地车镇凹陷始新统地层流体异常压力分布特征.结果表明:始新统沙河街组三段和沙四段地层流体发育异常高压,超压压力因数在1.20~1.78之间;平面上超压主要发育在凹陷中央部位;纵向上现今地层深度2 100m以上基本为常压,深度2 100m以下出现明显压力异常,主要分布于沙三段和沙四段地层.单井泥岩测井曲线特征显示,烃源岩生烃演化模拟和包裹体PVT模拟恢复最小,在超压层段声波时差偏离正常趋势线,表现为较高的声波时差值,密度测井曲线符合正常的压实规律;在两期油气充注时期,烃源岩热演化生成大量烃类流体,并以第二期生排烃活动为主,与地层流体超压阶段符合;第一期包裹体在常压环境捕获,第二期包裹体主要在超压环境捕获.始新统沙三段和沙四段地层流体超压主要由生烃作用引起. 相似文献
8.
《地质科技通报》2018,37(5):168-175
通过对香厝坑铁多金属矿床区域地质背景、矿区地质特征和矿床地质特征进行研究,分析了矿床 的 成 矿 模 式。结 果 表明:燕山早期中酸性岩浆（汤泉岩体）侵入活动是矿床形成的主导因素,为成矿提供了成矿物质、成矿流体和热能;构造是成矿的重要因素,北北东向区域性大断裂（政和—大浦断裂带）和太华—长塔复式背斜控制了岩浆的侵入,区内滑脱构造控制了矿体的形 成和就位;地层是矿床形成的关键控制因素,一方面在含矿流体的运移、矿质的沉淀和矿体的定位过程中,地层成为十分重要的成矿地球化学障;另一方面地层作为矿源层,为矿床的形成提供了大量的成矿物质。矿床成因属接触交代型和风化淋滤型铁多金属矿床。 相似文献
9.
压力场分布决定了油气运移的指向和分布状态,地层压力演化成果可为研究区有利成藏区带评价提供科学决策依据。基于钻井测试资料和地震资料,利用盆地模拟技术对南堡凹陷地层压力演化史进行了研究。研究表明,南堡凹陷地层压力演化经历了沙河街组－东营组沉积期(45.5~24.3 Ma)及馆陶组沉积期－现今(24.3~0 Ma)的一幕半“增压-泄压”旋回,压力演化表现为“积累-停滞-再积累”的总体特征,超压主体位于生烃凹陷,盆地中-东部剩余压力极大值高于西部,且主要赋存于沙河街组及东营组三段。南堡凹陷东营组末构造抬升剥蚀导致在24.8~14.8 Ma超压表现为停滞增长,且不同“增压”旋回沙河街组及东营组超压成因机制各异,第一个“增压”旋回(45.5~24.8 Ma)沙河街组增压幅度远高于东营组,沙河街组超压主要为欠压实及生烃增压双重贡献,东营组超压主要为欠压实成因;第二个“增压”旋回(14.3~0 Ma)沙河街组与东营组增压幅度相近,沙河街组和东营组超压皆为生烃增压成因。 相似文献
10.
11.
Wave-induced seepage and its possible contribution to the formation of pockmarks in the Huanghe (Yellow) River delta were investigated experimentally and numerically. Laboratory experiments were carried out to explore the response of a layered silty seabed with various saturation conditions under cyclic wave loads, in which the pore pressure and seepage-related phenomena were particularly monitored. Numerical models to simulate wave-induced seepage in the seabed were presented and evaluated, then applied to the Huanghe River delta. The experimental results show that the excess pore pressure decreases more rapidly at the surface layer, while the seepage-related phenomena are more pronounced when large cyclic loads are applied and the underlying layer is less saturated. The proposed numerical models were verified by comparing with the experiments. The calculated seepage depth agreed well with the depth of the pockmarks in the Huanghe River delta. The experimental and numerical results and the existing insitu investigations indicate that the wave-induced seepage may be a direct cause of the pockmarks in the Huanghe River delta. Extreme storm waves and the dual-layered structure of hard surface layer and weak underlying layer are essential external and internal factors, respectively. Wave- or current-induced scour and transport are possible contributors to the reformation of pockmarks at a later stage. 相似文献
12.
碳酸盐岩地层超压预测目前仍然是国内外研究的难点问题。碎屑岩超压预测方法均是建立在明显的超压测井、地震宏观响应规律基础上的经验关系,这些经验性方法不适用于因岩性致密使得超压地球物理响应微弱的碳酸盐岩地层。通过碳酸盐岩样品超压岩石物理模拟实验,分析了在应力-孔隙压力共同作用下岩石中声波速度、弹性参数的变化规律;基于多孔介质弹性理论和广义胡克定律推导并建立了表征孔隙压力与岩石弹性参数定量关系的理论模型,即多孔介质弹性理论的超压预测量化模型。以川东北地区典型碳酸盐岩超压钻井为例,开展了碳酸盐岩地层超压预测应用研究:针对碳酸盐岩地层选择油气水测井综合解释模型获取岩石物性参数;利用Voigt-Reuss-Hill平均模量模型计算岩石基质体积模量,利用Wood模型和Patchy模型计算孔隙流体体积模量,利用BISQ模型计算岩石骨架体积模量,然后通过多孔介质弹性理论量化模型预测超压。预测结果显示预测压力与钻杆实测压力(DST)吻合较好,与泥浆密度换算压力和随钻监测压力变化趋势相近,表明这种基于多孔介质弹性理论的超压预测量化模型是一种解决碳酸盐岩地层超压预测的新途径。 相似文献
13.
天然气机理类型及其分布 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
从天然气成因机理和成藏机理两个方面对天然气类型进行划分,天然气成因机理分为有机成因气和无机成因气;天然气成藏机理分为煤层气、页岩气、水溶气、根缘气(深盆气)、常规气以及气体水合物等。在天然气分类基础上,认为天然气在运聚过程中存在天然气成因机理和成藏机理两种序列关系,不同的天然气机理类型之间存在着过渡关系,两种机理分类不是孤立的而是相互联系的,具体运用到前陆盆地与裂谷盆地中,提出了前陆盆地与裂谷盆地的气藏可能分布模式。 相似文献
14.
Potential submarine geologic hazards at the entrance of the Pearl River Estuary in the northern South China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZHANG Zhiqiang WEI Zhiqiang HE Huizhong WEI Wei QIAN Libing LI Tuanjie 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2016,15(4):606-612
The potential submarine geologic hazards were distinguished and categorized at the entrance of the Pearl River Estuary in the northern South China Sea, based upon the analysis of side scan sonar and sub-bottom profiler surveying data of about 2500 km long, in an area about 2000 km~2 around the Wanshan Archipelago. The data obtained in the survey has the highest spatial resolution by far, which could reveal more detailed distributions and characteristics of the geologic hazards than before. In the study region, three paleo-channels that were buried about 10–30 m below the seabed were found; more than 10 shallow gas areas were discovered. The sand waves found in the region were generally small and located near the islands, and twenty pockmarks found on the seabed were mostly concentrated to north of Zhuzhou island. There are also many man-made obstacles in the region, such as wreckages, pipeline, etc. In this paper we provide a detailed distribution map of the submarine geologic hazards in this region for the first time, and discuss their formation and harmfulness, which will provide a scientific basis for marine engineering construction, marine geologic disaster prevention and mitigation. 相似文献
15.
Weiwei Wang Dawei Wang Shiguo Wu David Völker Hongliu Zeng Guanqiang Cai Qingping Li 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(1):83-100
Recent and paleo-submarine landslides are widely distributed within strata in deep-water areas along continental slopes, uplifts, and carbonate platforms on the north continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS). In this paper, high-resolution 3D seismic data and multibeam data based on seismic sedimentology and geomorphology are employed to assist in identifying submarine landslides. In addition, deposition models are proposed that are based on specific geological structures and features, and which illustrate the local stress field over entire submarine landslides in deep-water areas of the SCS. The SCS is one of the largest fluvial sediment sinks in enclosed or semi-enclosed marginal seas worldwide. It therefore provides a set of preconditions for the formation of submarine landslides, including rapid sediment accumulation, formation of gas hydrates, and fluid overpressure. A new concept involving temporal and spatial analyses is tested to construct a relationship between submarine landslides and different time scale trigger mechanisms, and three mechanisms are discussed in the context of spatial scale and temporal frequency: evolution of slope gradient and overpressure, global environmental changes, and tectonic events. Submarine landslides that are triggered by tectonic events are the largest but occur less frequently, while submarine landslides triggered by the combination of slope gradient and over-pressure evolution are the smallest but most frequently occurring events. In summary, analysis shows that the formation of submarine landslides is a complex process involving the operation of different factors on various time scales. 相似文献
16.
Shaoran Ren Yanmin Liu Zhiwu Gong Yujie Yuan Lu Yu Yanyong Wang Yan Xu Junyu Deng 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(1):17-24
In this study, we applied a two-phase flow model to simulate water and sand blowout processes when penetrating shallow water flow(SWF) formations during deepwater drilling. We define ‘sand' as a pseudo-component with high density and viscosity, which can begin to flow with water when a critical pressure difference is attained. We calculated the water and sand blowout rates and analyzed the influencing factors from them, including overpressure of the SWF formation, as well as its zone size, porosity and permeability, and drilling speed(penetration rate). The obtained data can be used for the quantitative assessment of the potential severity of SWF hazards. The results indicate that overpressure of the SWF formation and its zone size have significant effects on SWF blowout. A 10% increase in the SWF formation overpressure can result in a more than 90% increase in the cumulative water blowout and a 150% increase in the sand blowout when a typical SWF sediment is drilled. Along with the conventional methods of well flow and pressure control, chemical plugging, and the application of multi-layer casing, water and sand blowouts can be effectively reduced by increasing the penetration rate. As such, increasing the penetration rate can be a useful measure for controlling SWF hazards during deepwater drilling. 相似文献
17.
Deepwater sediments are prone to loss circulation in drilling due to a low overburden gradient. How to predict the magnitude of leak-off pressure more accurately is an important issue in the protection of drilling safety and the reduction of drilling cost in deep water. Starting from the mechanical properties of a shallow formation and based on the basic theory of rock-soil mechanics, the stress distribution around a borehole was analyzed. It was found that the rock or soil on a borehole is in the plastic yield state before the effective tensile stress is generated, and the effective tangential and vertical stresses increase as the drilling fluid density increases; thus, tensile failure will not occur on the borehole wall. Based on the results of stress calculation, two mechanisms and leak-off pressure prediction models for shallow sediments in deepwater drilling were put forward, and the calculated values of these models were compared with the measured value of shallow leak-off pressure in actual drilling. The results show that the MHPS (minimum horizontal principle stress) model and the FIF (fracturing in formation) model can predict the lower and upper limits of leak-off pressure. The PLC (permeable lost circulation) model can comprehensively analyze the factors influencing permeable leakage and provide a theoretical basis for leak-off prevention and plugging in deepwater drilling. 相似文献
18.
Seafloor pockmarks are important indicators of submarine methane seepages and slope instabilities.In order to promote the understanding of submarine pockmarks and their relationship with sediment instabilities and climate changes,here we summarize the research results of pockmarks in the spatio-temporal distributions and shaping factors.Most of pockmarks occur along active or passive continental margins during the last 25 kyr B.P..Circular and ellipse are the most common forms of pockmarks,whereas pockmarks in a special crescent or elongated shape are indicators of slope instabilities,and ring-shape pockmarks are endemic to the gas hydrate zones.Further researches should be focused on the trigger mechanism of climate changes based on the pockmarks in the high latitudes formed during the deglaciation periods,and the role of gas hydrates in the seafloor evolution should be elucidated.In addition,the feature of pockmarks at their early stage(e.g.,developing gas chimneys and gas driving sedimentary doming)and the relations between pockmarks and mass movements,mud diapirs could be further studied to clarify the influences of rapid methane release from submarine sediments on the atmospheric carbon contents. 相似文献
19.
基于地震速度谱资料,结合实测钻井压力、测井数据分析结果,从单井-剖面-平面系统预测了东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷的压力分布。研究结果表明:西湖凹陷储层呈现两套压力系统,分别为正常压力系统和超压系统,超压系统主要发育于花港组和平湖组内,层位上由西至东逐渐变新。泥岩亦表现为浅部常压、深部超压,不同的区带有所差异。西湖凹陷超压顶界面分布受深度控制不显著,主要受层位控制,超压顶界面通常位于花港组下段以及平湖组上段。西湖凹陷关键界面超压带覆盖范围、连续性总体较好,且具一定的区域展布方向,在规模较大断层具较明显的差异性。断层对压力的积累起着一定输导、分割和破坏作用。不均衡压实作用和生烃作用是西湖凹陷超压形成的主要机制,但在不同的区带存在较大差异。 相似文献
20.
Jin Sun Shiguo Wu Jingen Deng Hai Lin Hanyu Zhang Jiliang Wang Jinwei Gao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(1):53-64
To study the compaction law and overpressure evolution in deepwater shallow sediments, a large-strain compaction model that considers material nonlinearity and moving boundary is formulated. The model considers the dependence of permeability and material properties on void ratio. The modified Cam-Clay model is selected as the constitutive relations of the sediments, and the deactivation/reactivation method is used to capture the moving top surface during the deposition process. A one-dimensional model is used to study the compaction law of the shallow sediments. Results show that the settlement of the shallow sediments is large under their own weight during compaction. The void ratio decreases strictly with burial depth and decreases more quickly near the seafloor than in the deeper layers. The generation of abnormal pressure in the shallow flow sands is closely related to the compaction law of shallow sediments. The two main factors that affect the generation of overpressure in the sands are deposition rate and permeability of overlying clay sediments. Overpressure increases with an increase in deposition rate and a decrease in the permeability of the overlying clay sediment. Moreover, an upper limit for the overpressure exists. A two-dimensional model is used to study the differential compaction of the shallow sediments. The pore pressure will still increase due to the inflow of the pore fluid from the neighboring clay sediment even though the deposition process is interrupted. 相似文献