共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
《岩土力学》2017,(9):2531-2538
为了合理地描述岩石的阻尼行为,提出了考虑轴向和环向阻尼振动的岩石阻尼参数计算方法;通过动循环荷载、分级循环荷载和常幅循环荷载试验,对比分析了这3种不同应力路径下砂岩、砾岩及砂砾岩的阻尼特性,得到了阻尼参数对应力幅值、应变幅值的响应特性,揭示了常幅循环加载过程中阻尼比和阻尼系数随循环次数的演化规律;从熵守恒和能量守恒定律出发,建立了岩石阻尼比随循环次数演化的经验模型。结果表明:(1)动荷载下岩石的阻尼比与轴向应变幅值成线性递增,而阻尼系数恰好相反;分级循环荷载下岩石的阻尼参数都随应力幅值成线性递增。(2)疲劳破坏门槛值是岩石耗散能和阻尼比演化规律发生变化的分界点,在应力上限高于疲劳破坏门槛值时,耗散能、阻尼比及阻尼系数随循环次数都呈3阶段的变化规律,演化曲线呈半U型;在应力上限低于疲劳破坏门槛值时,呈现2阶段的发展规律,演化曲线呈L型;(3)通过砂岩的阻尼比试验,验证了所建模型能够描述砂岩在常幅循环荷载过程中阻尼行为。 相似文献
2.
周期荷载下盐岩的疲劳变形及损伤特性研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用RMT－150C型岩石力学多功能试验机,进行了盐岩单轴循环荷载作用下的疲劳试验,研究了盐岩的疲劳强度、变形及损伤特性。试验结果表明,当上限应力大于“门槛值”时,盐岩疲劳破坏时的轴向应变可以分为初始变形、等速变形和加速变形3个阶段,呈疏－密－疏的发展过程。改变上限应力和平均应力会显著影响疲劳的进程,提高上限应力值和平均应力值,初始轴向变形和循环轴向变形的比率都会提高,疲劳破坏时的总循环次数显著减小。盐岩疲劳破坏终点的变形量同样受静态轴向应力-应变全过程曲线的控制,控制误差范围在10%左右。循环荷载作用下,盐岩的变形模量经历了一个先逐渐增加,后缓慢降低,最后加速减小的过程。对循环荷载作用下盐岩疲劳损伤演化规律进行了初步探讨 相似文献
3.
周期荷载下岩石大型三轴试件的变形和强度特性研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文介绍了作者在联邦德国卡尔斯鲁厄大学土岩力学研究所利用该所研制的大型三轴试验机进行周期荷载下大型三轴试验的情况和结果。岩石为薄层灰岩,试件直径为60cm,高为120cm。整个研究工作是基于分析不可逆变形的观点来探讨变形和强度特性的。在周期荷载作用下,不可逆变形的总量随着循环次数的增加而增长;但在不同的应力水平下,不可逆变形的发展趋势具有显著的,甚至是质的差异。应力水平很低时,最初几次的循环荷载将导致产生较大的不可逆变形;随着循环次数之增加,其不可逆变形的增长率逐步衰减,最终趋向于一个比较稳定的常值。但是当应力水平达到某一“门槛”值后,情景则迥然不同;循环次数之增加将促使不可逆变形的加速增长,最终导致整个试件的破坏。试验结果表明,这一特征应力值略低于常规三轴试验中的所谓“屈服值”。研究结果表明,每一个加荷-卸荷循环过程中的不可逆变形主要发生在超过这一“门槛”值后的区段内。研究这样的特征值对于探讨周期荷载作用下岩体的力学性质是十分重要的。由试验获得的不可逆变形与循环次数的关系曲线在形态上与流变曲线十分相似。 相似文献
4.
《岩土力学》2017,(6):1600-1608
对取自陕北榆横矿区小纪汗煤矿顶板砂岩的干燥及饱和试件进行单轴循环加、卸载试验,分析了干燥与饱和状态下岩石的强度和变形特征以及岩石破坏过程中的能量演化与能量分配情况。结果表明:(1)循环加、卸载导致干燥试件的峰值强度较单轴压缩时下降19.47%;(2)饱水对砂岩的强度和变形均有影响,饱和试件的平均峰值强度比干燥试件低39.55%,同时饱和试件具有更加明显的压密阶段;(3)循环加、卸载下砂岩的加载和卸载弹性模量均呈现增大趋势,但饱和试件的弹性模量低于干燥试件;(4)通过峰值强度归一化处理后发现,在应力加载的不同阶段,饱和试件的弹性应变能Ue和耗散能Ud均低于干燥试件;(5)加载过程中,饱和试件弹性应变能Ue的占比高于干燥试件,该比例随着加载过程逐渐下降并在破坏前与干燥试件的Ue的占比达到近似水平。 相似文献
5.
《岩土力学》2018,(Z2)
采用三轴压缩交替荷载速率试验,对3种饱水岩石破坏后区荷载速率效应进行研究,探讨围压对破坏后区荷载速率效应的影响规律。研究结果表明,(1)岩石在峰值处的荷载速率效应系数n值随围压的升高而逐渐增大,表明岩石在峰值处的荷载速率效应随围压的升高逐渐减弱;(2)岩石在破坏后区也呈现明显的荷载速率效应,且随着围压的升高,田下凝灰岩和荻野凝灰岩在破坏后区的荷载速率效应变得越来越明显,而井口砂岩在破坏后区的荷载速率效应则逐渐减弱;(3)运用4种荷载速率效应系数对破坏后区应力-应变曲线进行修正,其与高荷载速率对应的破坏后区应力-应变曲线重合性均较好,表明4种荷载速率效应系数均能用于量化分析岩石破坏后区荷载速率效应,但基于岩石卸载模量求取的nd最适合用于对岩石破坏后区荷载速率效应进行量化分析。 相似文献
6.
针对目前岩石点荷载试验大部分采用规则试件进行,试件加工制作及试验的过程繁琐、成本高的问题,通过自制点荷载试验仪以及RMT-150B岩石力学伺服试验机,对煤矿顶底板常见岩性进行不规则岩石试件点荷载试验和规则岩石试件单轴抗压试验。试验结果表明:不规则岩石点荷载强度基本上满足正态分布规律,同时,点荷载破坏载荷与破坏面积之间呈线性关系,不同载荷破坏面积对点荷载试验中的尺寸、形状效应基本上没有太大的影响。通过分析点荷载强度与单轴抗压强度两者间的关系,得出通过点荷载强度确定单轴抗压强度的经验公式。 相似文献
7.
通过三点弯曲试验，利用CCD相机作为观测手段，采用数字散斑相关方法，对一种细砂岩组成的层状复合岩石试件进行试验研究，分析层状复合岩石变形破坏全过程接触面力学特征。结果表明：(1)随着荷载的施加，上下层试件表面的水平应变场呈现竖向分布的拉压应变区交替出现的现象，这种现象在层间接触面附近尤为明显；(2)层间滑动位移整体呈波动状态分布，随着荷载的增加，层间滑动位移值逐步增大，最大滑移值为0.174mm;(3)接触面水平应力值受层间接触条件影响呈波动变化状态，层间竖向应力曲线呈V形分布；(4)加载过程中层间摩擦系数不断变化，在滑动初期阶段，摩擦系数从3.5降低至0.2，在稳定滑动阶段，摩擦系数则保持为0.15;(5)上下层面变形能密度曲线变化趋势基本相同，在荷载峰值时刻，接触面变形能密度达到最大值4.2 J/m3。上述研究成果可为远程岩层界面DIC监测和岩层滑动研究取值提供有益的参考。 相似文献
8.
为研究三向应力状态下周期荷载对工程岩体长期稳定性的影响,对黄砂岩试样进行了不同围压的常规三轴压缩试验和周期轴向荷载疲劳试验,得到了黄砂岩疲劳破坏的轴向、环向及体积变形特性。试验结果表明:常规三轴轴向周期荷载作用下,黄砂岩疲劳破坏的轴向、环向以及体积变形受到静态应力-应变曲线变形量的控制;疲劳破坏轴向、环向的峰值变形和不可逆变形均符合三阶段倒S型曲线发展演化规律;围压对轴向变形发展规律有一定强化作用,对环向变形发展规律却有所抑制;在疲劳破坏变形过程中,峰值应变ε_(max)具有和不可逆应变ε~p相似的发展规律,弹性应变ε~e在3个阶段基本保持不变,不可逆应变增量Dep的变化规律能够反映3个阶段应变速率的发展演化规律;变形比强度更适合作为岩石疲劳破坏的依据,黄砂岩的疲劳破坏变形特性研究为建立岩石的疲劳破坏力学模型做了基础。 相似文献
9.
受静载荷的岩石在周期载荷作用下破坏的试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究受静载荷的岩石在周期载荷作用下破坏及变形发展规律,在Instron电液伺服材料试验机上进行了红砂岩的单轴动静组合加载试验。采用自制的一维水平静压加载装置,配合Instron电液伺服材料试验机进行了红砂岩的二维动静组合加载试验。试验表明,受静载荷的红砂岩在周期载荷作用下的破坏形态因所受静载荷的状态不同而不同,在周期载荷作用下的应力-应变曲线表现为滞回圈先疏后密再疏,直至破坏;相同条件的受静载荷的红砂岩受不同周期载荷作用时,尽管其应力-应变曲线表现为不同的滞回圈数和不同的全应变,但仍与岩石在周期荷载作用下疲劳破坏的极限变形规律一致,并且破坏岩石所消耗的有效全应变能有向相同值发展的趋势。 相似文献
10.
利用WDT-1500多功能材料试验机,对砂岩、砾岩和砂砾岩进行了分级循环荷载试验,研究了岩石的动弹性模量对应力幅值和应力水平的响应特性,得到了动弹性模量和耗散能随应力幅值、应力水平及含水率的变化规律。试验结果表明,分级循环荷载下岩石的能量耗散越多,动弹性模量越小;应力水平越高,动弹性模量和耗散能越大;含水率和应力幅值越大,动弹性模量越小,耗散能越大。讨论了邓肯-张模型能够描述分级循环荷载作用下岩石的应力-应变关系,构建了动弹性模量随应力水平、应力幅值及含水率变化的演化模型,探讨了模型参数的确定方法。根据能量耗散的经验法则,建立了耗散能演化模型,结果表明,该模型能够描述分级循环荷载过程中能量耗散行为。 相似文献
11.
大理岩静态和特环荷载试件的电镜试验分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
In this paper, crack propagation laws were studied by means of observing marble specimens, which were conducted uniaxial static and cyclic loading tests, with electron-microscope. The studying results showed: (1) Different parts of rock specimen suffer differential degree damage; (2) Failure models and characteristics of rock specimens change with loading paths; (3) Rock cracks are to be closed, when amplitude of cyclic stress is smaller than “fatigue threshold stress” of rock. This is mainly testimony of “rock fatigue threshold stress” existence. 相似文献
12.
Zhechao Wang Shucai Li Liping Qiao Jiangang Zhao 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(6):1603-1615
A series of laboratory tests were performed to examine the fatigue behavior of granite subjected to cyclic loading under triaxial compression condition. In these tests, the influences of volumetric change and residual strain on the deformation modulus of granite under triaxial cyclic compression were investigated. It is shown that the fatigue behavior of granite varies with the tendency for volumetric change in triaxial cyclic compression tests. In the stress–strain space, there are three domains for fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading, namely the volumetric compaction, volumetric dilation with strain-hardening behavior, and volumetric dilation with strain-softening behavior domains. In the different domains, the microscopic mechanisms for rock deformation are different. It was also found that the stress level corresponding to the transition from volumetric compaction to volumetric dilation could be considered as the threshold for fatigue failure. The potential of fatigue deformation was compared with that of plastic deformation. The comparison shows that rocks exhibit higher resistances to volumetric deformation under cyclic loading than under plastic loading. The influence of residual strain on the fatigue behavior of rock was also investigated. It was found that the axial residual strain could be a better option to describe the fatigue behavior of rock than the loading cycle number. A constitutive model for the fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading is proposed according to the test results and discussion. In the model, the axial residual strain is considered as an internal state variable. The influences of confining pressure and peak deviatoric stress on the deformation modulus are considered in a term named the equivalent stress. Comparison of test results with model predictions shows that the proposed model is capable of describing the prepeak fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading. 相似文献
13.
A Kind of Endochronic Constitutive Description of Mechanical Properties of Rock under Static Loading
Based on concept of endochronic theory and “plastic stress”, a new endochronic constitutive equation of soft rock is obtained by using the four groups of internal variables which represent different laws of displacement of soft rock. Compared with the experimental results the theoretical prediction is satisfactory. 相似文献
14.
15.
Yong-Jie Yang Lu-Yi Xing Hui-Qiang Duan Lei Deng Yan-Chao Xue 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(18):560
The experimental study of fatigue damage to coal under cyclic loading is important for guiding the design of pillars in underground coal mines where the pillars may be affected by repeated mining activity. In this paper, the strength, deformation, energy dissipation, and fatigue of samples of coal from a mine in China are studied using cyclic loading with a servo-controlled rock mechanical test system. The results indicate that coal is more likely to suffer fatigue damage than other, harder, rock lithologies. Under uniaxial cyclic loading, the fatigue failure “threshold value” for the coal samples studied is less than 78% of its uniaxial strength, but there is also a certain amount of fatigue damage when the cyclic loading/unloading experiments are carried out below the threshold value for fatigue failure. Axial deformation during the tests can be divided into three stages: initial deformation, constant steady deformation, and accelerated deformation. Transversal deformation can be divided into two stages: stable deformation and accelerated deformation. During cyclic loading experiments, imminent sample failure is signaled when transversal deformation increases significantly and quickly and the deformation recovers little when the load is removed. With an increasing number of loading/unloading cycles, a graph of energy dissipation per unit volume versus number of cycles presents an L-shaped curve when the coal samples do not suffer fatigue failure. However, for the coal samples that do rupture due to fatigue, the curve is U-shaped. Under cyclic loading, the evolution of compaction, strain hardening, strain softening, and failure of coal can be revealed in great detail by fatigue damage experiments. 相似文献
16.
In this study, the inclined sandstone specimen is introduced into cyclic loading tests to fulfill the coupled compression-shear loading state. 21 cyclic coupled compression-shear loading tests are conducted on inclined specimens under different loading conditions, including maximum stress levels ranging in 0.80, 0.85, 0.90 and 0.95, and amplitude levels varying in 0.40, 0.50, 0.60 and 0.70. Our testing results systematically revealed the influence of cyclic loading parameters on fatigue mechanical response of rocks under coupled compression-shear loading, regarding the deformation characteristics, energy evolution, damage variable and failure mechanism. Under higher maximum stress or cyclic amplitude, inclined rocks are characterized by larger elastic modulus and higher dissipated energy, resulting in less irreversible strain, faster damage accumulation and shorter fatigue life. Furthermore, a fatigue life prediction method is proposed based on the energy dissipation, and its reliability is verified by comparing with experimental results. In addition, the progressive cracking behavior of rocks is analyzed during the fatigue tests by virtue of digital image correlation technique. Under cyclic coupled compression-shear loading, rock specimens are featured by a prominent shear-dominated failure along its short diagonal direction combined with local tensile damage along the loading orientation.
相似文献17.
为研究盐岩在循环荷载作用下的疲劳特性和微观结构变化,对盐岩试件展开了不同上限应力下的单轴疲劳试验;同时,利用SEM和NMR设备观测了盐岩试验前后的微观结构。结果表明：循环荷载作用下,盐岩内部裂纹发育以晶间裂纹的生成为主,且裂纹数量随上限应力比（上限应力与单轴抗压强度的比值）增大而增加。循环荷载作用后（12 000次循环）,盐岩内部大孔隙和总孔隙数量增加,小孔隙数量减少,且大孔隙和总孔隙增加的数量及小孔隙减少的数量均随上限应力比增大而增加。上限应力比为0.40且荷载循环次数N≤2 000次时,盐岩内部小孔隙、大孔隙和总孔隙数量均随荷载循环次数增加而增加;但小孔隙数量的增长速率大于大孔隙,此时盐岩孔隙结构变化以小孔隙萌生为主。上限应力比为0.40且荷载循环次数N >2 000次时,盐岩内部大孔隙和总孔隙数量仍随荷载循环次数增加而增加,而小孔隙数量不断减少,此时盐岩孔隙结构变化以大孔隙生成为主。通过求解S形函数反函数的方法,建立了一个形式简单、参数少,且能够描述盐岩累计不可逆变形发展全过程的经验疲劳模型,并利用盐岩疲劳试验结果验证了模型的合理性。 相似文献
18.
A nonlinear parallel-bonded stress corrosion (NPSC) model is proposed to simulate the fatigue characteristics of artificial rock (concrete) during cyclic loading. Numerical simulations of fatigue tests replicate the main mechanical features of concrete specimens subjected to cyclic loading observed in the laboratory. A nonlinear reduction speed of the bond diameter between two bonded particles represents the damage rate induced by the fatigue load. The damage rate is proportional to the maximum cyclic load level when the minimum cyclic load level is fixed. Compared with laboratory data, a logarithmic function of bond diameter in the NPSC model resulted in the best fit to simulate the fatigue behaviour of concrete. The simulation includes acoustic emission (AE) monitoring during fatigue tests. The axial strain of the assembly is governed by the evolution of bond breakages. The sum of released bond strain energy is documented as value proportional to cumulative AE energy. The simulation results show very similar evolution compared with laboratory data, which verifies the effectiveness of AE energy simulation.
相似文献19.
Investigating the Effect of Cyclic Loading on the Indirect Tensile Strength of Rocks 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper presents the results of laboratory experiments during the investigation of the stress–strain characteristics of
Brisbane tuff disc specimens under diametral compressive cyclic loading. Two different cyclic loading methods were used: namely,
sinusoidal cyclic loading and cyclic loading with increasing mean level. The first method applied the S–N curve approach to the indirect tensile strength (ITS) of rock specimens for the first time in the literature, and the second
method investigated the effect of increasing cyclic loading on the ITS of rock specimens. The ITS of Brisbane tuff disc specimens
was measured using the Brazilian tensile strength test. The reduction in ITS was found to be 33% with sinusoidal loading tests,
whereas increasing cyclic loading caused a maximum reduction of 37%. It is believed that the fracturing under cyclic loading
starts at contact points between strong grains and weak matrices, and that contact points at grain boundaries are the regions
of stress concentration (i.e., indenters). Transgranular cracks emanate from these regions and intergranular cracks sometimes
pass through the contact points. Once cracking begins, there is a steady progression of damage and a general ‘loosening’ of
the rock, which is a precursor to the formation of intergranular cracks. 相似文献
20.
饱水作用对砂岩变形及强度特征影响显著,考虑岩体实际赋存环境,为了解复杂应力路径下饱水砂岩宏细观力学特性,利用RMT-150C岩石力学多功能试验机及SEM电镜扫描技术,对饱水砂岩进行循环荷载作用后卸荷破坏试验,研究不同影响因素作用下的疲劳损伤特征,重点分析了加载频率、上限应力等因素对卸荷变形、强度及细观损伤特征的影响规律。研究表明,根据试验设计方案获得的饱水砂岩应力-应变曲线大致可以划分为5个典型阶段,其中,同一应力状态下,疲劳损伤阶段轴向不可逆应变在等速变形阶段的应变速率随加载频率的增大迅速增加,这表明上限应力的“门槛值”极有可能是变化的,且与加载频率及循环次数密切相关;同时,卸围压变形破坏阶段的总应变及围压卸荷量均随加载频率（或上限应力）的增大而减小,与该阶段持续时间随加载频率（或上限应力）的变化规律一致。不仅如此,通过分析饱水砂岩破坏面细观损伤特征发现,加载频率与上限应力作用下的细观损伤特征差异显著,其中破坏面微裂隙面积占比随加载频率增大而减小,上限应力则恰好相反。 相似文献