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1.
The problem of predicting dependence of constant pressure batch dewatering of particulate suspensions on feed solids concentration is considered. Scaling transformations which demonstrate that evolution in the cake consolidation stage of dewatering is governed by an underlying self-similar behavior are proposed. The self-similar master curve, which can be obtained using only one set of experimental dewatering data obtained with a feed suspension having solids concentration above the gel point, is employed for estimating dependence of key dewatering process parameters on feed solids concentration. Using the parameter estimates in a Darcy's law based dewatering model, it is shown that the complete evolution of dewatering for a desired feed solids concentration can be predicted with reasonable accuracy. The approach is simpler to implement in comparison to available pressure filtration models, which require several suspension characterization experiments. 相似文献
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D. Tao B. K. Parekh J. T. Liu S. Chen 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2003,70(1-4):235-249
Ultrafine coal dewatering is of great importance to the coal industry due to its impacts on the handling and utilization characteristics of coal products. Commercially available filtration techniques are either ineffective or costly for dewatering of ultrafine coal to the desired moisture level of about 20%. Considerable efforts have been devoted to understanding the dewatering process and developing new technologies for applications in the coal industry. Most of the previous work on ultrafine coal filtration was focused on the final filter cake moisture and few studies have been conducted to investigate the filtration kinetics. The present investigation was undertaken to better understand the kinetics of vacuum filtration of ultrafine coal under various conditions. The filtrate weight was continuously monitored using a precise load cell during the entire filtration process. Operating parameters such as vacuum pressure and reagent conditioning time were examined for their impacts on filtration kinetics. Use of cationic and anionic flocculants showed significant improvement in filtration kinetics. Kinetic data obtained from the study were used to determine the fundamental parameters of filtration such as cake permeability, specific cake resistance, and filter medium resistance using the integrated form of the Darcy's law. 相似文献
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工程渣土在水洗砂过程中产生的洗砂泥浆存在脱水效果差、不稳定的问题,这与泥浆的脱水性能密切相关。通过模拟现场洗砂工艺获得不同脱水性能的洗砂泥浆,开展了改进滤失试验及模拟压滤试验,研究了洗砂泥浆脱水性能受洗砂工艺的影响规律,获得了一种能够快速表征泥浆脱水性能的指标,用以指导优化渣土洗砂工艺。结果表明：洗砂泥浆脱水性能受洗砂粒径和加水量影响明显,滤失量及渗透系数与脱水性能有较好的相关关系;而30 min滤失量与最终滤失量、最终泥饼含水率呈现较好的相关性,能够较准确地反映泥浆脱水性能;经模拟压滤试验进一步验证,30 min滤失量可以作为洗砂泥浆脱水性能的快速表征指标。基于此提出了一套洗砂泥浆脱水性能的快速检测及工程渣土洗砂工艺优化方法,能够及时为洗砂工艺参数调整提供指导,以获得脱水性能较优的洗砂泥浆,最终使脱水效果得以改善和稳定。 相似文献
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采用自主改装的变压头黏土渗透仪,模拟疏浚淤泥脱水过程中水分在淤泥颗粒多孔介质中的迁移运动过程,通过测定疏浚淤泥脱水过程中渗透系数与过滤常数、渗水量与滤液量、泥饼含水率与孔隙率,探究了负载压力为100 kPa时,不同负载方式（负载时间及负载压力梯度变化）对疏浚淤泥脱水过程中过滤和渗流规律的影响。研究发现：负载下的过滤和渗流同时进行,负载1 h期间,前期0～40 min内过滤占主导地位,后期40～60 min内渗流起关键作用。负载压力梯度由原来1 h内间隔变化1次,变为以20 kPa为梯度递增变化5次,随着压力变化梯度减小,渗透系数、过滤常数增加,淤泥脱水性能得到较明显的改善,并且前期负载压力越小,脱水效果越好。 相似文献
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Yosry A. Attia 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1983,10(3):173-181
One of the main usages of ball clays is in the pottery industry. However, in order to transport the clay suspensions from the mine site, some distance away from the consumer, dewatering of the clay suspension must be performed. The main restriction is that any dewatering treatment must not interfere in obtaining deflocculated, free flowing suspensions required by the pottery manufacturer.Investigations in the flocculation/deflocculation of these clay suspensions, resulted in finding a technique capable of achieving both requirements. The technique employs flocculation by an anionic flocculant in the presence of 10 mM of magnesium sulfate, thus achieving the dewatering step. When the magnesium sulfate was removed from the flocculated suspensions by simply washing the filter cake, good deflocculation of the clay suspension was achieved at alkaline pH. The role of MgSO4 in the flocculant adsorption/flocculation, and subsequently in the flocculant desorption/deflocculation, was discussed. 相似文献
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露天煤矿开采的矿坑排水量和水位降深是决定煤矿首采时间的关键问题。利用GMS软件建立了黑龙江省东部宝清露天煤矿首采区三层含水层和两层弱透水层组成的地下水渗流数值模拟模型,再利用实测资料对所建立的模型进行了参数识别和模型验证。在综合考虑经济效益和降水效果的条件下,再利用该模型对不同方案下地下水流场的变化进行了预测,据此提出了露天煤矿首采区最优的布井方案（86眼降水井）及相应的开采量（95 718.84 m3/d）,预测了首采区地下水位的下降过程（平均下降速度为0.17 m/d）。 相似文献
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R.J. Wakeman 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1979,5(4):379-393
The process of dewatering incompressible filter cakes by vacuum pumps which cannot maintain vacuum (low-capacity suction systems) has been examined experimentally, and a theoretical model is proposed for interpretation of the results. Application of the model requires relative permeability and capillary pressure information which are obtained by applying empirical data combined with a mathematical model for permeability. The concepts of modified threshold pressure and pore size distribution index are utilised in the model, and their effects on dewatering dynamics are assessed. 相似文献
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Y. Shi J. Yang S. Liang W. Yu J. Xiao J. Song X. Xu Y. Li C. Yang X. Wu J. Hu B. Liu H. Hou 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(9):2283-2292
Sludge samples taken from different sources and times may have different characteristics that could affect dewatering performance. In this study, 20 sludge samples from five wastewater treatment plants and different seasons in 1 year were characterized. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that solid content (SC), total suspended solid (TSS), polysaccharides and proteins contents had positive correlations with the capillary suction time (CST), whereas volatile suspended–solid/total suspended solid (VSS/TSS) exhibited negative correlations with CST. Moreover, no correlations between CST and specific resistance to filtration were found among these different sludge samples. The principal component analysis confirmed that only two group variables could represent most of the sludge characteristic parameters. The first set of variables represents the particulate nature of the biotic factors (SC, VSS/TSS, SCOD, TSS, polysaccharides and proteins), and the second set is the pH. CST could not be a reasonable indicator of dewaterability in sludge deep dewatering by Fe2+/S2O8 2?-phosphogypsum composite conditioning. Furthermore, the results of diaphragm filter press dewatering showed that initial SC and VSS/TSS were the most dominant sludge characteristics affecting the solid content of dewatered cake (R p = 0.610, p = 0.016; R p = ?0.838, p = 0.000, respectively) with Fe2+/S2O8 2?-phosphogypsum composite conditioning. Results from this study suggest that dewatering performance is predictable by sludge characteristics parameters for Fe2+/S2O8 2?-phosphogypsum conditioning. 相似文献
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C. Selomulya J.Y.H. Liao G. Bickert R. Amal 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006,80(2-4):189-197
The recovery of ultrafine coal can be enhanced significantly by flocculating the particles prior to dewatering. It is thus crucial to be able to quantify the effects of aggregated particles on the separation efficiency, of which they are still not fully understood. This study focused on the relationship between the micro-properties (size, structure, and strength) of flocculated coal particles and the characteristics of filter cakes obtained through hyperbaric filtration. Tools such as small angle light scattering and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to determine the aggregate structure. The comparative bond strength of aggregates generated under different flocculation conditions was measured through a non-dimensional approach. The effects of these properties on specific cake resistance, saturation, and moisture content, as indicative of the filtration performance, were observed. It was found that flocs generated using a moderate amount of flocculant dosage (60–100 g of polymer/tonne of coal) for this ultrafine coal (97% < 35 μm) optimised the properties of dewatered filter cakes. Although cakes composed of larger and stronger aggregates with more flocculant were found to have higher porosity, the effects on specific cake resistance and cake saturation were detrimental, possibly due to the increasing proportion of intra-aggregate pores that were harder to dewater. The trend was less noticeable at low filtration pressures where most of the dewatering occurred within the larger capillaries of the inter-aggregate zones. In addition, the presence of polymer molecules was responsible in absorbing residual moisture that could not be removed through mechanical means. Through a series of tests using pre-formed filter cakes, the amount of moisture retained by the flocculant was quantified to be approximately 10.2 mg of water for every addition of 1 g of polymer/tonne of coal, calculated per 100 g of filter cake produced from hyperbaric filtration in this case. 相似文献
10.
装配式可回收支护结构为地下空间开发提供了一种经济安全、功能协同、可持续发展的新型绿色支护体系。以郑州市某顶管工作井基坑为背景,基于相似比理论开展了缩尺基坑模型试验,并采用ABAQUS建立能够区分支护系统中刚性构件与柔性构件变形差异的三维流固耦合模型,研究降水开挖过程中支护结构受力和变形特性,分析了降水和开挖对基坑变形发展的影响规律。研究表明：降水开挖过程中,支护结构受力及变形整体均小于设计值,但是钢面板在与支撑连接的位置易出现局部屈服现象;支护结构水平位移增量模式随降水施工和开挖施工的情况不同而差异较大,随着基坑降水开挖的进行,影响支护结构变形的主要因素由基坑降水逐渐向基坑开挖转变;基坑降水对地表沉降的影响较基坑开挖更大,第1级降水期间地表沉降快速增长,沉降增量占比最大达44.6%。 相似文献
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现有基坑相关研究主要关注土方开挖过程引起的变形,认为围护结构变形起点是土方第1次开挖。然而,一些工程实测表明,基坑开挖前降水阶段即可引起围护结构及周边地层发生厘米级的变形。显然,未考虑开挖前变形的基坑监测数据将低估基坑施工的环境效应。为了研究基坑开挖前降水引发基坑变形的机制,开展了室内模型试验,对基坑开挖前降水过程进行了缩尺精细化模拟。通过微型降水井的设置与调控,模型试验真实再现了实际基坑降水过程中井流效应对围护结构受力变形的影响。试验过程中发现,随着降水的进行,坑外降水漏斗不断扩展,围护结构悬臂式侧移及坑外拱肩式地面沉降也随之产生。另外,降水导致墙前水压力明显减小,并诱发墙前侧向总压力重分布（以减小为主）,围护结构为此发生指向坑内的悬臂式运动以寻求新的受力平衡,并通过墙后土体损失诱发坑外地层变形。 相似文献
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The physical, chemical, and dewatering characteristics of 19 bottom sediments from Osaka Bay, Japan, have been analyzed to aid in the development of sediments in the coastal bay area. The sediments in the east near Osaka Port were highly polluted from the influence of human activities and were difficult to dewater. These sediments were composed of fine particles, low in pH, zetapotential, and initial settling rate, and were high in ignition loss, metal concentrations, compression volume, specific resistance, cake water content, and drying index. However, the sediments near Akashi Channel showed the reverse where they are affected by strong tidal current. A correlation analysis has been made of all the parameters. There are significant relationships between all the dewatering parameters. Therefore, sediments difficult to dewater by gravity settling are also difficult to dewater by vacuum filtration and solar evaporation. Sediments containing fine particles and pollutants are difficult to dewater. Several forms of pollutants can occur in the sediments. 相似文献
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R.J. Wakeman 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1976,3(3):193-206
Fundamental data on the residual saturation of incompressible filter cakes which have been drained by vacuum have been measured. The effects of varying particle size, shape and distribution, type of wetting fluid and cake size have been assessed. A modified ‘threshold pressure’, below which dewatering will not occur, has been defined and an index reflecting the nature of the particles and their packing has been used to represent reduced saturation data. Irreducible saturation levels have been correlated against a capillary number, and by careful definition of the driving force term data scatter have been substantially reduced. 相似文献
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长江三角洲地区深基坑降水复杂,且极易引起地面沉降地质灾害问题,传统的基于地下水动力学原理的解析解模型(Theis公式或Dupuit公式)已难以满足降水设计模拟计算的需要,尤其是无法预测降水引起的地面沉降问题,深基坑降水与地面沉降耦合模型将地下水渗流模型和土体应力-应变模型耦合起来,可根据基坑地下水位的控制要求,同时模拟计算出降水井的布局、各井的开采量和地面沉降量。据此确定出的基坑降水方案既能满足地下水位的控制要求,又能对降水引起的地面沉降进行最优化控制。 相似文献
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降水效果的数值分析和设计优化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
降水在各类工程中使用的越来越多,已形成了一套设计和施工方法,但其降水效果分析却少有人研究。针对某露天煤矿开挖中的降水疏干工程,开展了大规模的数值模拟研究。在掌握水文地质条件的基础上,通过Modflow建立了较合理的数值模型,对不同工况的降水效果进行了详细的分析,实际计算表明,加井时间、调整单井抽水量、井的数目、井的排列以及它们的相互作用对降水效果有很大影响。分批次、分时段、优化井排列和调整单井抽水量是提高降水效果的设计措施和优化设计的重要影响因素,这些因素的作用规律将为降水设计和施工以及实际工程效果提供重要理论依据。 相似文献
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深基坑降水中不同的地质模型有限元应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析水-土耦合场相互作用时,将岩土视作弹塑性材料。在非线性本构关系下,考虑渗透作用,得出岩土体有限元方程,建立了基坑降水的三维水-土耦合的数学模型。对基坑降水中不同的地质模型潜水、承压水及有越流补给和实际工程条件井管、过滤管、止水帷幕分别进行了计算处理,并以武汉国际证券大厦降水工程为实例,对其降水过程进行了三维有限元计算。应用三维数值模拟方法,能很好地模拟基坑防渗帷幕、非均质和各向异性、承压-无压等一些解析法难以处理的实际工程条件和地质模型。 相似文献
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基坑降水的成功与否,关系到整个基坑的安全。南通市南山湖综合楼基坑开挖过程中虽建立了止水帷幕,但仍需对基坑降水的方案进行安全评估。采用MIDAS/GTS数值分析软件建立三维渗流模型,通过对现场单井抽水试验进行模拟分析,综合地勘报告中室内试验渗透系数和抽水试验的渗透系数,反向推演出符合工程实际的渗流边界函数和渗透系数;然后利用反推得到的计算参数,建立三维渗流模型,模拟群井抽水状态下水位降深与时间的变化关系,对群井降水效果进行分析,验证降水井设计是否合理,指导基坑土方的开挖。 相似文献