共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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气候变暖是人类迄今为止面临的最重大环境问题，也是20世纪末21世纪初以来世界面临的严峻挑战。为解决这个问题，同时也为了应对挑战，国际社会作了多方面的努力。气候谈判在经历了《京都议定书》阶段后，目前已进入后《京都议定书》阶段。气候谈判是一场国际博弈，各个国家都想从博弈中获得自己的利益。气候变化、气候谈判给予我们的启示是：气候问题是环境问题、发展问题同时也是政治问题。围绕气候问题进行的谈判是经济战、政治战。解决包括气候变暖问题在内的环境问题需要热情和勇气，更需要智慧和耐心。 相似文献
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全球气候变化对全球自然系统和社会经济产生了显著的影响,近百年来的气候变暖已经成为既定的科学事实。目前,世界各国对于发展低碳经济、建设低碳城市及承担碳减排任务以应对气候变化的共识不断得到加强,在此背景下,低碳社会、低碳生活等理念为人们所广泛关注和推崇。本文综述了气候变化的科学事实、碳排放与城市化之间的内在联系;阐述了低碳经济、低碳城市、"脱钩"理论、环境库兹涅茨理论、生态足迹和碳足迹理论的理论内涵;评述了目前低碳城市发展水平的测度指标体系、计算方法和评价标准,重点分析了人均碳排放、碳生产率、碳排放强度和碳能源排放系数等城市低碳发展水平指标,以及DPSIR模型、生态足迹模型、主成分分析和层次分析综合模型等低碳发展水平评价模型。最后,提出了目前该研究领域存在的科学问题,展望了未来的研究重点和发展方向。 相似文献
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为应对气候变化带来的严峻挑战,发展低碳经济已经成为国际社会共识。在详细分析中国能源密集型企业在低碳经济发展模式下所面临的挑战和机遇的基础上,就当前中国能源密集型企业应对气候变化的行动提出了具体建议。中国能源密集型企业应该积极行动起来,采取有效措施应对气候变化带来的挑战,并抓住发展低碳经济这一历史机遇,占领未来企业竞争的战略制高点,更好地实现企业自身的可持续发展。 相似文献
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全球气候变暖已经成为不争的事实,人们逐渐认识到依靠大量能源消费的生产方式、不惜牺牲环境的经济增长模式、无节制大量消费的生活方式应该从根本上得到改变.城市作为工业、建筑、交通的载体,也是高能耗、高碳排放的主要源头,需要改变传统城市发展的模式来应对全球变暖的挑战,发展低碳城市被认为是未来最有希望的经济发展动力.首先采用IPCC能源转换模型对南京市碳排量进行测算,选取南京的人口数量、GDP、人均GDP、人口城市化率、产业结构多元化系数（ESD）、能源消费结构多元化系数（ESCD）和能源强度作为对比数列,以南京CO2排放总量作为参考数列,运用灰色系统关联模型进行关联度计算并排序.结果显示,南京市碳排放量关联度从大到小依次为ESD、人口数量、城市化率、ECSD、能源强度、人均GDP、GDP,这与南京工业生产因化石能源的大量使用对城市碳排放量贡献占总排量一半以上的分析结果相吻合.最后详细分析各指标对南京建设低碳城市的影响,并提出对策建议. 相似文献
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2022年4月,IPCC发布了第六次评估报告（AR6）第三工作组报告（WGIII）,指出当前全球气候治理行动与目标尚存巨大差距,亟待立即行动,推动经济、社会、科技全系统的深刻和全面变革。气候治理与经济社会发展、公共治理广泛交互,政策体系的设计需要更加注重多维度、多层级、多目标政策工具的交互,推动法律与规划、国家行动与城市等次国家行动、规制性政策与经济性政策、直接控排政策与间接气候政策间的协同,实现更全面、深入的低碳转型。为此,需优化政策供给,在明确长期变革愿景的基础上,强化气候治理对环境健康、经济增长等其他发展目标的溢出效应、关注气候治理对社会分配的影响、加强社会观念引导和广泛参与,有助于最大化综合效应、最小化行动阻力,为气候治理构建良好的政策环境。对我国而言,面对“双碳”目标的严峻挑战,亟待做好碳市场与其他关键政策节点衔接;鼓励、引导各地因地制宜自主行动深化低碳转型,强化国家支持和区域间协同;深入探索以低碳转型驱动高质量发展的协同路径;并从推动落实区域协调发展战略的角度,优化减排、增汇、负碳长期路径。通过跨系统、跨部门、多层级政策协同,构建经济社会、生态环境和气候治理等协同发展的新格... 相似文献
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本文从气温、冷空气活动、寒冷天数、冻土深度、积雪日数等几个方面分析了新疆80年代气候变暖的基本事实,并指出最近10年新疆气候变暖具有明显的地区性和季节性、时间性.冬季气温明显升高,寒冷天数大幅度减少,冬季极端最低气温居高不下,入侵的冷空气强度减弱,与暖冬有连系的异常天气现象增多.新疆夏季气温有所下降.80年代气候变暖对新疆经济是有利有弊. 相似文献
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气候变化与武汉城市圈可持续发展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对湖北省加速发展实现中部崛起和武汉构筑并发展城市圈的目标,从全球气候变暖的背景出发,结合近50年多来武汉气候变化的事实,揭示了该市气候变化特征,并从发展经济与防灾减灾、应对气候变化与改善气候生态环境、淡化武汉“火炉”形象与发展“高温经济”等方面提出了相应对策. 相似文献
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杜祥琬 《气候变化研究进展》2016,12(2):79-82
论述了现代气候变化科学对人类新型发展观的贡献,中国对“发展”的新觉悟与国际发展观的演进相会合,从战略层面提高了对应对气候变化的认识,有力推动了巴黎气候大会的成功。本文归纳了《巴黎协定》所确立的新气候机制的4个要点和会后国际气候谈判面临的5个需要及时深化研究的新问题。中国确立的关于应对气候变化和低碳发展的目标,对创新我国发展路径具有战略意义,本文论述了这些发展目标的科学性。“十三五”是绿色、低碳转型的关键期,提出了需要抓紧做好的5个方面的工作。强调低碳与改善大气质量有很强的协同性,应对气候变化的国内外两个大局是互相促进、互相支持的,做好国内的事是根本。 相似文献
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Increasing greenhouse gas emissions are projected to raise global average surface temperatures by 3?–4 °C within this century, dramatically increasing the extinction risk for terrestrial and freshwater species and severely disrupting ecosystems across the globe. Limiting the magnitude of warming and its devastating impacts on biodiversity will require deep emissions reductions that include the rapid, large-scale deployment of low-carbon renewable energy. Concerns about potential adverse impacts to species and ecosystems from the expansion of renewable energy development will play an important role in determining the pace and scale of emissions reductions and hence, the impact of climate change on global biodiversity. Efforts are underway to reduce uncertainty regarding wildlife impacts from renewable energy development, but such uncertainty cannot be eliminated. We argue the need to accept some and perhaps substantial risk of impacts to wildlife from renewable energy development in order to limit the far greater risks to biodiversity loss owing to climate change. We propose a path forward for better reconciling expedited renewable energy development with wildlife conservation in a warming world. 相似文献
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姜子英 《气候变化研究进展》2010,6(5):376-380
为应对全球气候变化的挑战,发展低碳经济已成为国际共识。根据核能的特点,分析了核电燃料链的温室气体排放及其与其他能源链的比较,指出核能是各种能源中温室气体排放量最小的发电方式。介绍了世界主要核电国家发展核能减排温室气体状况,分析了我国发展核电的温室气体减排效益,提出积极发展核能是我国构建低碳型能源结构、应对气候变化的合理有效选择。 相似文献
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WANG Futang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,15(4):498-508
Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will strengthen the naturalgreenhouse effect,which could lead to global climate warming and more other changes.China is alargely agricultural country with a large size of population and the relative shortages of farminglands and water resources,thus increasing the importance of climate warming for national economydevelopment.Therefore,Chinese government and scientists have paid great attention to theimpact-assessment of climate warming on national economy in China,especially during the past 10years.This presentation will briefly describe some major issues of climate warming impact researchon national vegetation,agriculture,forest,water resources,energy use and regional sea level forChina,etc.As a result,all climate change scenarios derived by GCMs suggest a substantial change in thecharacteristic natural vegetation types.It is also shown that comparing with the distributionsimulated under the normal time period 1951—1980 as the present climate,by 2050 large changesin cropping systems would occur almost everywhere in China.Climate warming would lead toincrease cropping diversification and multiplication.Unfortunately,the possible net balancebetween precipitation and evapotranspiration would be negative and it would lead to reduce thegrain production in China significantly due to enhanced moisture stress in soil.The most evidentinfluence of climate warming on water resources would happen in Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe Basin andthe water supply-demand deficit would be substantially enhanced in this area.And also,a warmerclimate for China will alter the energy requirement for domestic heating and cooling,that is,reduce energy use for heating in northern China and increase energy consumption for cooling insouthern China. 相似文献
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实施综合减灾 建设可持续发展的经济安全区 总被引：3，自引：6，他引：3
在总结我省综合减灾成绩的基础上,根据江西的实际情况,阐述了综合减灾在我省可持续发展战略中的重要地位,并进而提出了实施综合减灾、建设可持续发展的经济安全区的对策和措施,以号召人们增强可持续发展意识,采取行动保护地球生态环境,减少自然灾害的发生以及对我省社会经济发展的影响,从而把江西建设成1个可持续发展的经济安全区,实现富民兴赣和江西在中部地区的崛起. 相似文献
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何建坤 《气候变化研究进展》2016,12(5):357-365
《巴黎协定》确立了2020年后全球气候治理新机制,明确了全球应对气候变化长期目标,将加速世界范围内经济发展方式的低碳转型,推进能源体系的革命性变革,促进社会生产方式和消费方式的根本性转变,进而促进人类社会文明形态由工业文明向生态文明演变。全球低碳转型的紧迫形势,将重塑世界范围内经济、贸易、技术的竞争格局。中国以生态文明建设为指引,探索绿色低碳发展路径,确立有雄心、有力度的国家自主决定贡献目标和行动计划,推动能源生产和消费革命,加快经济发展方式的转变,既是顺应世界低碳转型的潮流,又是缓解国内资源环境制约和实现可持续发展的内在需要,是促进经济发展、环境保护和减缓碳排放的多赢战略。中国要以全球长期减排目标为指引,制定中长期低碳发展战略,打造低碳先进技术和发展方式的核心竞争力,同时深度参与全球治理,为建设人类命运共同体,应对全球生态危机体现大国的责任担当。 相似文献
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全面回顾和总结了近年来江西气象防灾减灾工作取得的成绩和经验,并在客观分析全省气象防灾减灾工作中存在的困难与问题的基础上,对2008年和今后一段时期全省气象防灾减灾工作进行了科学部署。报告指出,做好气象防灾减灾工作,加快江西气象事业发展,责任重大,任务艰巨,意义深远。各级气象部门要以科学发展观为指导,以需求为牵引,深入学习贯彻党的十七大精神,全面贯彻落实《国务院办公厅关于进一步加强气象灾害防御工作的意见》（国办发[2007]49号）、《江西省人民政府办公厅关于进一步加强气象灾害防御工作的实施意见》（赣府厅发[2007]92号）文件精神,以及全国、全省气象防灾减灾大会精神和熊盛文副省长的重要讲话精神,开拓创新,扎实工作,加快建立完善现代气象业务体系、气象灾害应急管理体系、气象灾害应对防范体系等“三个体系”,进一步提高气象灾害监测预报预警、应急处置、综合防御等“三个能力”,不断完善气象灾害防御保障机制,努力形成政府统一领导、气象等相关部门协作联动、全社会共同参与的气象灾害防御工作机制,提高全社会防灾减灾水平,减轻气象灾害损失,从而为实现江西气象事业在新的起点上又好又快发展,为建设和谐平安江西提供强有力的气象保障而努力。 相似文献
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This article discusses how renewable and low-carbon energies can serve as mitigation options of climate change in China’s power sector. Our study is based on scenarios developed in PowerPlan, a bottom-up model simulating a countries’ power sector and its emissions. We first adjusted the model to China’s present-day economy and power sector. We then developed different scenarios based on story lines for possible future developments in China. We simulated China’s carbon-based electricity production system of today and possible future transitions towards a low-carbon system relying on renewable and low-carbon energies. In our analysis, we compare the business-as-usual scenarios with more sustainable energy scenarios. We found that by increasing the share of renewable and nuclear energies to different levels, between 17% and 57% of all CO2 emissions from the power sector could be avoided by 2030 compared to the business-as-usual scenario. We also found that electricity generation costs increase when more sustainable power plants are installed. As a conclusion, China has two options: choosing for high climate change mitigation and high costs or choosing for moderate climate change mitigation and moderate costs. In case high climate change mitigation will be chosen, development assistance is likely to be needed to cover the costs. 相似文献
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By 2030 Indonesia aims to reduce its CO2 emissions by 29% while maintaining a 7% annual GDP growth rate, thus making “green economy” a reality. Based on a review of literature and secondary data and interviews with key informants, this article examines the gap between these national ambitions and the reality on the ground, with particular attention to the challenges of multi-scalar environmental governance. It first introduces the green economy concept and discusses the main green growth policies and initiatives at the national level. The article then examines green growth ambitions at the provincial level in East Kalimantan province. Our findings suggest that existing plans to further expand oil palm plantations are at odds with provincial efforts to reduce emissions. This highlights a key paradox we identify at the heart of the green economy concept as it is developing in Indonesia: between a development trajectory based on resource extraction and agro-industrial development, and ‘green’ aspirations linked to environmental protection and greenhouse gas emissions reductions. We conclude that the main challenges to address these contradictions are related to the lack of coordination between different governance scales and a political economy that is not conducive to reforms in the land-based sector. There is a need to align investment, planning, and green growth policies, based on a strong political commitment and an awareness of social and environmental trade-offs. On a more general level the article shows that the green economy concept refers to a form of environmental governance in which authorities and interests may overlap and come into conflict at different scales. Hence, differing priorities may lead the material expression of the green economy to diverge significantly from policy as it is initially laid out. 相似文献
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The United Nations-led international climate change negotiations in Paris in December 2015 (COP21) trigger and enhance climate action across the globe. This paper presents a model-based assessment of the Paris Agreement. In particular, we assess the mitigation policies implied by the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) put forward in the run-up to COP21 by individual member states and a policy that is likely to limit global warming to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. We combine a technology-rich bottom-up energy system model with an economy-wide top-down CGE model to analyse the impact on greenhouse gas emissions, energy demand and supply, and the wider economic effects, including the implications for trade flows and employment levels. In addition, we illustrate how the gap between the Paris mitigation pledges and a pathway that is likely to restrict global warming to 2 °C can be bridged. Results indicate that energy demand reduction and a decarbonisation of the power sector are important contributors to overall emission reductions up to 2050. Further, the analysis shows that the Paris pledges lead to relatively small losses in GDP, indicating that global action to cut emissions is consistent with robust economic growth. The results for employment indicate a potential transition of jobs from energy-intensive to low-carbon, service oriented sectors. 相似文献