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1.
创伤弧菌是一种可感染人类的河口病原菌。建立快速,特异而敏感的检测方法,有助于创伤弧菌感染的早期疾病诊断和及时治疗。本研究设计了针对vvhA基因的一系列引物（包括两对外部引物和两对内部引物）,采用环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）来检测创伤弧菌。结果显示,本方法的最适扩增温度是63℃,反应仅需35分钟。扩增产物不仅可以用含有DNA ladder的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检出,也可借助钙黄绿素直接肉眼观察。采用45株菌株检测该方法的特异性,其中所有创伤弧菌均被检出而其他菌株检测结果皆为阴性。本方法的敏感性是普通PCR扩增的100倍,同时利用该方法可以准确检测出所有的模拟样品、临床标本及环境样品。与其他已知方法比较,针对vvhA基因的介导等温扩增技术可以快速、简单、敏感及特异地鉴定创伤弧菌。 相似文献
2.
HWANG Jinik PARK So Yun SUH Sung-Suk PARK Mirye LEE Sukchan LEE Taek-Kyun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(8):44-50
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) and marine birnavirus (MABV) are the causative pathogens for some of the most explosive epidemics of emerging viral diseases in many Asian countries, leading to huge economic losses in aquaculture. Rapid molecular detection for surveillance or diagnosis has been a critical component in reducing the prevalence of pathogen infection. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of DNA is currently one of the most commonly used molecular diagnostic tools, as it is simple, quick, and easy to amplify target DNA under isothermal conditions. In the present study, a novel and highly specific LAMP assay for the sensitive and rapid detection of VHSV and MABV infection in fish was developed. Using a set of synthesized primers matching a specific region of the genome, the efficiency and specificity of the LAMP assay were optimized in terms of the reaction temperature and DNA polymerase concentration, as they are the main determinants of the sensitivity and specificity of the LAMP assay. In particular, we demonstrated that our assay could be applied to efficient detection of VHSV and MABV infection in the wild fish, Paralichthys olivaceus. Our results demonstrate the simplicity and convenience of this method for the detection of viral infection in aquatic organisms. 相似文献
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链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella)是一种典型的产毒赤潮甲藻。甲藻曾被认为没有组蛋白,但近年来在多种甲藻中检测到全部四个核心组蛋白的活跃转录,而目前对甲藻中组蛋白表达模式与具体功能还缺乏深入的研究。本文报道了链状亚历山大藻组蛋白H3变体之一H3.c的全长ORF序列的克隆和分析;分析了链状亚历山大藻生长过程中组蛋白H3在基因和蛋白水平的表达。目前研究发现的链状亚历山大藻H3变体共三个,其中H3.b在N末端序列与其他物种差异最大,为链状亚历山大藻特有的H3变体。对数生长期的组蛋白H3在基因与蛋白水平上均活跃表达,但表达量并不会随着爆发性增长而显著变化,其中H3.b的基因表达在对数末期呈现上调;培养至衰亡期,各H3变体表达均下调,尤其在蛋白水平上呈现明显衰减。结合前期研究,本文认为链状亚历山大藻三个H3均为复制非依赖型(RI)变体,一些变体可响应伴随藻不断生长而逐渐增强的细胞密度等复杂胁迫,推测其参与某些表观遗传修饰,调控生长进程;而衰亡期基于H3的表观遗传调控受到抑制。 相似文献
4.
本研究将交叉引物恒温扩增技术(cross priming amplification,CPA)与核酸试纸条相结合建立一种副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)快速可视化检测方法。针对副溶血性弧菌特有的不耐热溶血素基因tlh的六个不同区域设计两对特异性引物和一对检测探针,通过优化反应条件确定了最佳反应体系。CPA-核酸试纸条方法对副溶血性弧菌的检测具有较强的特异性,对纯培养物的检测灵敏度达到58 cfu/m L,对污染牡蛎中副溶血性弧菌的检测灵敏度为5.2 cfu/g,比传统的PCR技术灵敏度提高了10倍,且具有较高的稳定性。交叉引物恒温扩增技术与核酸试纸条相结合的方法操作简便、特异性强、灵敏度高且能有效防止污染,可用于现场及基层单位副溶血性弧菌的快速检测。 相似文献
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采用浮游植物计数法、高效液相色谱串联质谱法、分光光度法等分析方法,探索了微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum)在批次培养过程中氮磷吸收、产毒、生物量、p H等参数的动态变化关系。结果表明,微小亚历山大藻对磷的吸收迅速,可以将磷储存于体内,待生长使用。该藻对氮的吸收相对缓慢,环境中氮缺乏时,产毒量不再增加,说明氮对产毒有着重要的调控作用。在第二对数期中出现了碳限制环境,导致叶绿素a在碳限制条件下无法表征藻的生物量,相反,叶绿素a和生物量呈负线性关系,可能是叶绿素转化成其它含碳物质,用于生长。毒素不仅存在于细胞体内,培养液中(胞外)也含有毒素,并且胞外毒素从稳定期开始逐渐升高。胞内毒素的组成中GTX1/4占据绝对优势,GTX2/3含量相对较少。生长延缓期和第一对数期,各种毒素组成比例相对稳定,而在随后的生长期内,GTX1/4在总毒素中的占比逐渐上升,GTX2/3占比逐渐下降,表明微小亚历山大藻毒素组成会随着生长周期的变化而发生变化。 相似文献
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水产动物致病性副溶血弧菌双重PCR 检测方法的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是多种水产养殖动物的主要病原菌,尤其是可引起凡纳滨对虾幼虾呈毁灭性死亡。本研究基于gyrB和toxR两种基因序列设计2对特异性引物,建立一种副溶血弧菌快速、准确的双重PCR检测方法,扩增目的片段大小分别为285 bp和368 bp。结果表明在同一PCR反应体系中副溶血弧菌可同时扩增大小分别为285 bp和368 bp的2种基因片段,两种引物对4种其他水产动物病原菌无交叉反应;敏感性检测结果显示,该双重PCR最低能检测8.867 2×103 CFU/mL菌体浓度的副溶血弧菌,对副溶血弧菌模板DNA的检出极限为0.029 3 mg/L;对发病中国对虾糠虾幼体、水产品及虾池养殖用水进行双重PCR检测,呈阳性反应的样品可分离出优势生长的副溶血弧菌。该实验所建立的基于gyrB和toxR两种基因的双重PCR检测方法可用于副溶血弧菌引起的水产动物疾病的快速诊断及分子流行病学的调查研究。 相似文献
7.
PARK Mirye PARK So Yun HWANG Jinik JUNG Seung Won LEE Juyun CHANG Man LEE Taek-Kyun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(5):107-112
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that function as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Some species of microalgae undergo rapid growth and cause harmful blooms in marine ecosystems. Heterocapsa triquetra is one of the most common bloom-forming species in estuarine and coastal waters worldwide. Although this species does not produce toxins, unlike some other Heterocapsa species, the high density of its blooms can cause significant ecological damage. We developed a H. triquetra species-specific nuclease protection assay sandwich hybridization (NPA-SH) probe that targets the large subunit of ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA). We tested probe specificity and sensitivity with five other dinoflagellates that also cause red tides. Our assay detected H. triquetra at a concentration of 1.5×104 cells/mL, more sensitive than required for a red-tide guidance warning by the Korea Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries in 2015 (3.0×104 cells/mL). We also used the NPA-SH assay to monitor H. triquetra in the Tongyeong region of the southern sea area of Korea during 2014. This method could detect H. triquetra cells within 3 h. Our assay is useful for monitoring H. triquetra under field conditions. 相似文献
8.
采用常规表观生物学特性及16S rRNA、gyrB及rpoA基因同源性检索与系统发育学分析等方法,对分离自江苏连云港某育苗场的大批死亡日本对虾蚤状幼体的优势生长菌进行了综合鉴定。结果表明,其形态和生理生化特征与弧菌属的需钠弧菌相近;16S rRNA、gyrB及rpoA基因同源性检索也均与需钠弧菌相似性最高,分别为98%、89%和95%,且三种基因的NJ系统发育树也均与需钠弧菌聚为一个分支;分离菌的致病性试验表明其半数致死量LD50为1.8×106CFU/ml。综合分离菌的致病性、形态与生理生化特征及基因同源性与系统发育分析结果,认为引起日本对虾蚤状幼体大批死亡的病原为需钠弧菌。基于gyrB基因序列设计1套LAMP特异性引物,建立了需钠弧菌的快速特异性检测方法,可用于由需钠弧菌引起的水产动物疾病的诊断及分子流行病学的调查研究。 相似文献
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Edwardsiella tarda is one of the most important emerging pathogens in the global aquaculture industries. As such, an accurate diagnosis and quantitative analytical methods are urgently needed for this bacterium. In this study, primers and a TaqMan probe specific to the conservative sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of E. tarda were designed. The concentration of primers and TaqMan probe were optimized to 200 nmol/L and 120 nmol/L, respectively. The detection sensitivity of the FQ-PCR assay was determined to be as low as five copies of the target sequence per reaction using the pGEM-16S rDNA recombinant plasmid as a template, which was 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. A standard curve by plotting the threshold cycle values （y） against the common logarithmic copies （log10 nc as x; nc is copy number） of pGEM-16S rDNA was generated. The results of intra-and inter-assay variability tests demonstrate that the established FQ-PCR method was highly reproducible. The assay was specific for E. tarda as it showed that there was no cross-reactivity to eight additional bacterial pathogen strains in aquaculture. Thus, the FQ-PCR assay has the potential for diagnostic purposes and for other applications, especially for the rapid detection and quantification of low-grade E. tarda infections. 相似文献
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Axenic cultures of the microalgae species, Dunaliella tertiolecta and Phaeodactylum tricornutum were grown at arsenic (As) concentrations typically found in uncontaminated marine environments ( 2 µg L− 1) under different phosphorus concentrations. D. tertiolecta accumulated higher arsenic concentrations (mean: 13.7 ± 0.7 µg g− 1 dry mass) than P. tricornutum (mean: 1.9 ± 0.2 µg g−1 dry mass). Media phosphorus concentrations (0.6–3 mg/L) had little influence on microalgae growth rates or arsenic accumulation. Arsenic was present as lipid bound (29–38%; 4.2–9.5%), water-soluble (20–29%; 26–34%) and residue bound (41–45%; 57–69%) arsenic species in D. tertiolecta and P. tricornutum respectively. Hydrolysed lipids contained mostly glycerol arsenoribose (OH- ribose), dimethylarsinate (DMA) and inorganic arsenic (As(V)) moieties. Water-soluble species of microalgae were very different. D. tertiolecta contained inorganic arsenic (54–86%) with variable amounts of DMA (7.4–20%), arsenoriboses (5–25%) and traces of methylarsonate (MA) ( 1%). P. tricornutum contained mostly DMA (32–56%) and phosphate arsenoribose (PO4-ribose, 23–49%) and small amounts of OH-ribose (3.8–6.5%) and As(V) (9–16%). Both microalgae contained an unknown cationic arsenic species. The residue fractions of both microalgae contained predominately inorganic arsenic (99–100%). These results show that at natural seawater arsenic concentrations, both algae take up substantial amounts of inorganic arsenic that is complexed with structural elements or sequestered in vacuoles as stable complexes. A significant portion is also incorporated into lipids. Arsenic is metabolised to simple methylated species and arsenoriboses. 相似文献
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通过气泡柱光反应器评价了两株硅藻筒柱藻(Cylindrotheca fusiformis)和纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)的生物量、油脂及甘油三脂的积累.结果发现,其生物量与油脂产率相当,脂肪酸组成方面,也均以C16:0和C16:1为主,但是筒柱藻的油脂组成以甘油三酯为主,纤细角毛藻的油脂以单酰甘油酯、磷脂和糖脂为主.通过培养条件的优化,发现相比于降低初始氮元素与硅元素,降低培养液盐度,能够获得更高的生物量、油脂以及甘油三脂产率.通过筒柱藻批次培养最高获得了0.36 g/(L·d)的甘油三脂产率,且甘三酯占收获干物质的50%以上,具有相当好的应用潜力. 相似文献
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采用微卫星结合混合群体分离分析法技术（SSR-BSA）对红鳍东方鲀群体进行耐低温相关微卫星标记的筛选。首先对300尾红鳍东方鲀幼鱼进行低温处理,分别获得34尾耐低温（S组）和不耐低温个体（D组）。分别在两组中随机挑选15尾提取基因组DNA,构建耐低温和不耐低温DNA混池,然后用148对微卫星引物对其进行扫描。结果发现4个标记（fms45、fms82、fms100和fms182）在耐低温和不耐低温DNA混池中扩增出差异条带。用S组和D组全部个体对4个标记进行单个体验证,结果显示由fms100扩增,携带有116 bp条带的个体在S组和D组的出现频率分别是53%和18%,132 bp条带的出现频率分别是59%（S组）、24%（D组）;由fms182扩增,携带有125 bp的个体在S组和D组出现的频率分别是12%和35%,经卡方检验P值均小于0.05,差异显著。本文关于红鳍东方鲀耐低温分子标记的报道,为研究红鳍东方鲀耐低温的遗传基础以及相关分子机制提供了依据,也为开展红鳍东方鲀耐低温分子标记辅助选育提供了良好的基础。 相似文献
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描述了采自东海陆架沉积物中自由生活线虫Hopperia和Nemanema属的两个新种。新种大化感器霍帕线虫主要特征是螺旋形化感器5圈,较大;弓形交接刺近端宽大具有中肋,延伸至三分之一处;引带具有弯曲的引带突;6个乳突状的肛前辅器;锥柱状尾具有膨大的末端和尾端刚毛。新种小线虫的主要特征是身体大小是属内最小的;具有较大的椭圆形化感器;尾锥状;交接刺细,具有腹面翼膜,近端弯钩状;引带环形;1个肛前辅器乳突状,其上着生3条刚毛。更新完善了Hopperia属17个种的二岐检索表。 相似文献
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棕囊藻(Phaeocystis)是全球海洋广泛分布的有害藻华原因种,也是海洋初级生产力的重要贡献者,在极地和近海地区的碳、硫元素的生物地球化学循环、食物网结构及全球气候变化中都具有极其重要的作用.由于个体微小,形态特征观察困难,在常规观察中很容易被忽略.同时多数棕囊藻具有复杂的异型生活史,具有多种不同细胞形态,因此其传... 相似文献
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在保守序列高度相似的细菌鉴定中,单独使用16S rDNA/RNA序列进行比对和构建进化树通常无法准确鉴定到种,需要增加测序基因数并对多基因进行分析。为实现快速鉴定,课题组对16S与gyrB基因联合建树的方法进行了研究,将海洋来源的一株杆菌,分别用通用引物扩增16S和gyrB基因并测序,在GeneBank进行序列比对后,选择各菌种保藏中心16S和gyrB基因均相似的菌株,取16S和gyrB基因序列,采用Paup*4.0构建进化树。使用16S与gyrB拼接序列构建的进化树中属于同一种的菌株均很好的聚合在一枝,种间分枝自展值均高于98,分类结构准确,筛选得到的杆菌与地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacilluslicheniformis)聚合在一枝,自展值为100,鉴定为地衣芽胞杆菌。经生理生化试验验证,该菌株与地衣芽胞杆菌特征完全一致,使用16S和gyrB基因联合建树得到的鉴定结果准确且快速简便。 相似文献
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Codium, one of the largest marine green algal genera, is difficult to delimit species boundary accurately based on morphological identification only. DNA barcoding is a powerful tool for discriminating species of seaweeds. The plastid elongation factor TU(tuf A) is considered as maker to perform DNA barcoding of green algal species than rbc L gene due to universality and rapid evolution rate. We conducted DNA barcoding application to Codium specimens from the Jeju Island, Korea to overcome the limit of morphological identification and to confirm the species diversity. As a result of applying tuf A marker, we newly generated fifty-five tuf A barcodes to resolve eight species. Tuf A marker exhibited 6.1%–21.8% interspecific divergences, wider than the gap of rbc L exon 1,3.5%–11.5%. Molecular analysis of rbc L exon 1 sequences of Codium revealed eight distinct species like tuf A analysis separated in five phylogenetic groups. DNA barcoding of the genus Codium using tuf A marker is more helpful to overcome the limit of morphological identification, and this is more potential to reveal cryptic species and to resolve the relationships among subspecies than rbc L analysis alone. The complement of tuf A barcoding and rbc L analyses including morphology for the genus Codium in the northwestern Pacific will give much more reliable achievement for discovering species diversity and resolving the phylogenetic relationships. 相似文献
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对实验室培养的两株海洋微藻海洋卡盾藻和中肋骨条藻的可培养细菌进行了分离鉴定,分别在海洋卡盾藻和硅藻中肋骨条藻不同生长时期分离得到48株和34株可培养细菌,去除重复序列后得到12株不同的菌株。这些菌株分属α-变形杆菌纲、γ-变形杆菌纲、拟杆菌和放线菌。α-变形杆菌纲在两种藻的藻际环境中占据优势,其中红杆菌科是最为常见的科,中肋骨条藻的藻际细菌比海洋卡盾藻更为多样化。海洋卡盾藻生长后期细菌密度大幅度上升,可能导致了藻细胞的衰亡。中肋骨条藻相关细菌中有一株对旋链角毛藻的生长具有明显抑制作用,而大部分海洋卡盾藻相关细菌对角毛藻的生长具有抑制作用。本研究结果说明海洋卡盾藻的藻际细菌也许对其与硅藻的种间竞争中具有一定作用。 相似文献
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根据爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella)的16S rDNA基因序列设计一对特异性引物,用二温式PCR对6株爱德华氏菌均扩增出与预期大小相一致的576 bp产物,而对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)、荧光假单胞菌(Pseudcmonas fluoroscercs)、柱状屈挠杆菌(Cytophaga columnaris)、链球菌(Streptococcus)、葡萄球菌(Staphylococci)、弧菌(Vibrio)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia colibacillus)和沙门氏菌(Salmonella)等10种病原体的扩增,结果全为阴性。该二温式PCR可以检测到1 pg的爱德华氏菌DNA模板和48个菌体。本实验建立的二温式PCR为爱德华氏菌病的早期诊断与有效的防治提供了快速检测方法,对水产品的食品安全有重要的意义。 相似文献
20.
在自然或人为因素下容易出现鳗苗种质混杂的现象,由于鳗鲡苗种在形态上十分相似,难以区分。为了保障鳗农的合法利益和提高养殖效益,急需建立一种能够在现场快速、高效使用的鳗鲡种质鉴定方法。本研究通过比对找出5种常见鳗鲡养殖种类:日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)、美洲鳗鲡(A.rostrata)、花鳗鲡(A.marmorata)、太平洋双色鳗鲡(A.bicolor pacifica)、欧洲鳗鲡(A.anguilla)线粒体细胞色素B(cytochrome b,cyt b)基因的差异序列,基于5个cyt b基因序列差异较大的片段,设计多对引物,分别经过PCR验证和条件优化,挑选出4对引物:aj S1/A1、r-a S1/A2、bp-m S5/A3和m-a S4/A4。将这4对引物组合在同一个反应体系中进行PCR扩增,进行条件优化,筛选出组合PCR的最优条件:退火温度为58oC;退火时间为45s;循环数为27。结果表明,通过扩增产物凝胶电泳中条带的有无及大小可快速准确的鉴定出五个鳗鲡种类。本研究建立的组合PCR方法在3小时内可完成整个种类鉴定过程,同时可使用便携式小型仪器完成操作,可满足现场快速、高效鉴定的要求。此外,通过MEGA5.0软件构建5种鳗鲡线粒体cyt b基因序列NJ进化树,发现花鳗鲡和太平洋双色鳗鲡先聚为一支,再与日本鳗鲡聚在一起,而欧洲鳗鲡和美洲鳗鲡聚在一起,进化树图显示的遗传距离和它们的地理分布的远近相似。 相似文献