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1.
选取黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata Royle)和水绵(Spirogyra communis,Hassall)作为研究对象,分析其对某铅锌矿尾矿库重金属废水的富集能力,综述重金属在黑藻和水绵体内的富集机制,探讨了利用黑藻和水绵进行岩溶矿山重金属污染水修复的应用前景。结果表明:黑藻和水绵体内的重金属绝对含量较高,并且植株长势良好,生物量大,说明这两种水生植物对重金属有避性或耐性。分析测试发现,在黑藻和水绵体内,重金属的富集系数较高,其中Pb最大,其后依次是As>Co>Mn>Cu>Cd>Zn>Ni>Cr,富集系数最少的是Hg,水绵体内的富集系数要大于黑藻。对比研究发现,这两类藻类体内的重金属含量和富集系数均高于非岩溶区。黑藻对重金属的富集机制主要有3种,即重金属作用下抗氧化酶活性增强、被动吸收和离子交换作用,而水绵特殊的分子生物结构可能是其吸附重金属的重要机制。黑藻和水绵在南方岩溶区广泛分布,利用黑藻和水绵修复重金属污染的岩溶水具有较好前景。 相似文献
2.
Heavy metals pollution and the identification of their sources in soil over Xiaoqinling gold-mining region,Shaanxi, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yaoguo Wu Youning Xu Jianghua Zhang Sihai Hu Kai Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(6):1585-1592
In order to determine the characteristics of heavy metals’ pollution and identify their sources in the soil over the Xiaoqinling
gold-mining region, Shaanxi, China, 133 soil samples were collected over the region, one sample was from a close point as
background, and concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cu, and As in all samples were analyzed. Results indicated that the soil was polluted
by these heavy metals, as their concentrations in the soil over the studied region were higher than that in the background
zone. In addition, the result indicated that these metals had their specific spatial characteristics. Among the samples, those
with higher concentrations of Hg, Pb, and Cu were mainly collected from the Shuangqiao river alluvial terrace area, the loess
ravine tableland, and the piedmont alluvial–pluvial inclined tableland, which are the areas of gold-mining activities. Meanwhile,
the samples with higher concentrations of As were distributed over the loess ravine tableland around Tongguan County, where
agricultural activities were conducted intensively. Furthermore, the sources for all the heavy metals Hg, Pb, Cu, and As in
the soil over each landscape were determined through analyzing the concentration correlation of these metals and comparing
the maps of metal concentration distribution and land-use types. In Yellow river–Weihe river alluvial plain area, these heavy
metals were mainly from agricultural activities. In the other landscapes, As was also mainly from agricultural activities;
the other metals were contrarily from the gold-related activities. Interestingly, the correlation coefficients of As concentrations
with Hg, Pb or Cu concentrations were positive in the samples from Yellow river–Weihe river alluvial plain area, and on the
contrary, they were negative in the samples from the other landscapes. This result showed that the correlation can be used
as an index to indicate properly the effect of the gold-related or agricultural activities on the heavy metals in the soil
and identify their main sources over each landscape. As human activities resulted in the site-specific characteristics in
the concentrations and sources of the heavy metals in each landscape, site-specific control strategies should be selected
intensively to remedy landscape soil pollution. In Yellow river–Weihe river plain area, effective control strategies should
be aimed at remedying As pollution caused by agricultural activities; in the other landscapes, Hg, Pb and Cu pollution caused
by gold-mining activities should be considered. 相似文献
3.
武汉市墨水湖沉积物重金属污染特征与防治对策 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
武汉市墨水湖重金属污染严重,其污染特征在我国城市湖泊中具代表性。在对墨水湖不同湖区沉积物中重金属污染物空间分布特征进行分析的基础上,应用地积累指数法探讨不同重金属元素含量随深度变化的规律和原因,并对墨水湖沉积物中重金属的污染程度进行评价表明:墨水湖沉积物中重金属元素锌和汞污染最为严重,污染程度由高到低依次为:Zn>Hg>Cu>C r>Pb>A s;从整个湖区来看,分布有排污口的周边湖区污染严重,湖心污染程度较低;沉积物中主要重金属元素含量随深度增加而降低,其变化规律主要受污染状况的影响,沉积物颗粒粒径的变化和早期成岩作用的影响不大。为了改善墨水湖水质条件和重金属污染严重的现状,必须在截污、疏浚和引水工程等基本治理措施保护下,重建和恢复沉水植物系统,才能从根本上改善湖泊水质。 相似文献
4.
《Applied Geochemistry》1998,13(5):581-591
Six sediment cores were taken in sedimentation zones of the Volga river (located in the southern part of the Russian Federation) and, additionally, 6 sediment cores were taken in several lakes (sedimentation zones) in the central and western part of the Danube delta in Romania. Priority pollutants (8 metals, 7 polychlorinated biphenyls and 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) were determined in all samples of all cores. Present-day and historical levels of pollutants since the late 1930s were established through the use of radionuclide time tracers (137Cs, 134Cs). For the persistent metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, trends in the concentration profiles during the last 5 decades are described. Low and hardly changing concentrations of As, Cu, Zn and all studied PAHs were observed during the last five decades in the sediments of the Volga river. Recently deposited sediments show slightly increasing levels for the heavy metals Zn and Cr and As in the Volga delta. For the studied metals and PAHs, maximum concentrations were found around 1987 in the sediments of the Danube delta. Sediments deposited around 1940 and recently deposited sediments in the Danube delta showed lower pollutant levels. If the contents of heavy metals, PAHs and PCBs in the aquatic sediments in the deltas of the rivers Rhine, Danube and Volga are compared, it is clear that the Volga delta is and was the cleanest delta during the last 5 decades. Nowadays the contents of heavy metals (except Cu and Ni), PAHs and PCBs in the aquatic sediments of the river Rhine are still highest compared to the other two rivers. The recent load of heavy metals (except Cd and Zn) in the sediments of the river Danube is the highest compared to the other two rivers. 相似文献
5.
The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of heavy metals namely cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in the
five aquatic plants. For this purpose, the concentration of heavy metals were measured in water and in the five aquatic plant
species, Lepironia articulata, Pandanus helicopus, Scirpus grossus, Cabomba furcata and Nelumbo nucifera, in 15 sites from Tasik Chini. The concentrations were different among the plant species as well as among the parts of plants.
The highest concentration of heavy metals among the aquatic plants and plant parts was found in the roots of S. grossus. The concentrations of Cd in the leaves and stems of submerged aquatic plant, C. furcata, were higher than concentration of Cd in the leaves and stems of emergent aquatic plant and floating leaf plant. The concentration
of Cu in the stem of C. furcata was greater than that in the leaf, while the concentration of Cd was more in the leaf than in the stem. The heavy metal contents
of the aquatic plants were in descending order of Pb > Cu > Cd. The metal concentration quotient of leaves/roots and stems/roots
(ML/MR and MS/MR) were calculated. The highest internal translocation was found in P. helicopus, while the lowest internal translocation was found in S. grossus. 相似文献
6.
Concentrations of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in river sediments: geochemical background,man's influence and environmental impact 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Sediment analysis is used for detecting pollution sources; in addition, sediments are increasingly investigated as a pollution
proper and as a carrier and possible source of contaminants in aquatic systems.
Amongst the various groups of pollutants which possess a strong affinity to sedimentary materials, heavy metals and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons present the greatest environmental hazard.
A review is given of pre-civilisational concentrations (“background” values) of both heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons in fluviatile sediments, and their development during the past 100 years. The impact of sediment associated heavy
metal pollution on both biota and water is discussed. 相似文献
7.
On their way from the Rhine estuary into the North Sea and Dutch Wadden Sea, Rhine sediments “lose” large portions of their
original heavy metal concentrations. Until now these losses were explained by a mobilization process, solubilization — the
decomposition products of organic matter form soluble organometallic complexes with the metals of the sediment.
Our investigations of the sediments of the Elbe clearly indicate that a mixing process, whereby highly polluted Elbe sediments
mix with relatively non-polluted North Sea sediments, rather than solubilization, is the cause of the dilution of heavy metals
in the sediments of the Elbe estuary. Because of the similarity of the Elbe data with those from the Rhine River, we propose
that a mixing process is also effective in the Rhine estuary and adjacent North Sea areas.
The mechanism by which heavy metals are “diluted” is important to the marine ecosystem. In the mixing process proposed in
this paper, the heavy metals fixed to the suspected material are trapped in bottom sediments of the marine environment, whereas
solubilization would increase the concentration of heavy metals in the sea water and thus they would be more available for
uptake by aquatic organisms. 相似文献
8.
Aquatic plants are well known in accumulating and in concentrating heavy metals. In this study, several physiological responses of aquatic vascular plant, Nasturtium officinale (watercress), which were elevated concentrations of copper, zinc and nickel have been investigated. It was found that Nasturtium officinale were able to accumulate both copper and zinc at upper levels, but was able to accumulate to nickel at low levels. The final goal of this work was to examine the copper, zinc and nickel uptake using this aquatic plant from their solutions. 相似文献
9.
Among environmental contaminants, heavy metals are currently considered to be some of the most toxic ones present worldwide due to their harmful effects on organisms and ability to bioaccumulate in aquatic systems. In this work, the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and Cr) in Brachidontes rodriguezii and in the fine sediments of several coastal sites at the southwest of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina is analyzed. The Bahía Blanca Estuary and Pehuen-Có beach are located in a highly complex oceanographic and ecological regional system, which creates the basis of one of the most valuable Argentinean habitats for fishing commercial species. An assessment, which involved analyzing distribution pattern of trace metals, comparative studies with sediment and ecological quality guidelines; and a sequential and integrated index analyses approach (containing Metal Pollution Index, Biosediment Accumulation Factor, Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Pollution Load Index and the mean Probable Effect Level quotients), was followed to estimate enrichment and risks of heavy metals in the sediments and in the mussels from these study areas. The results showed higher concentrations of some heavy metals (e.g., Cd, Cr and Ni) in mussels collected at Pehuen-Có, while no spatial differences in sediments were observed. According to the international environmental regulations, mean values of trace metals in mussels allowed to place both sites between “unpolluted and moderately polluted” and between the “low and medium category” of pollution. Furthermore, the mean concentrations found were within the detected ranges in other coastal sites worldwide. 相似文献
10.
1 IntroductionCorals are an important proxy for reconstructingpaleo-environment and revealing global changes in thepast. Variations of heavy metals in the growth bands ofcorals can provide important information about the oce-anic environment.Bastidas and … 相似文献
11.
沉积物微量金属元素在重建水体环境变化中的意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
沉积物所记录的微量金属含量与形态的变化是指示人类活动影响下水体环境变化的有效指标,主要用于指示沉积物重金属污染、水体初级生产力变化和氧化还原条件等方面的水体环境状况。总体而言,沉积物中微量金属含量在近一个世纪以来显著上升,反映了采矿、冶金、污水排放、化肥使用、煤炭和石油燃烧等各种人类活动造成水体和沉积物重金属污染的记录作为浮游植物微量营养元素,Cu、Zn、Ni、Ba、Cd等在沉积物中的记录可以指示水体初级生产力水平。U、Mo、V、Cu、Cd、Mn等氧化还原敏感元素在沉积物中的富集或贫化,及其比值(如Re/Mo、Cd/U、Th/U和V/Sc)的变化,是指示水体和沉积物氧化还原环境的有效指标。但需要指出的是,在受人类活动影响的水体中,这些生产力和氧化还原指标很少能指示水体生产力或氧化还原状况,可能主要与人类活动同时造成这些金属元素大量污染输入而掩盖了其自生来源和内在变化的沉积记录有关。所以,对沉积物中微量金属元素来源的判别(陆源碎屑输入、人为输入和水体自生来源)是重建水体环境变化的重要前提。本文总结了多种化学和统计学方法(包括同位素示踪法、化学提取法、富集因子法和主成分分析法等)在沉积物金属来源判别中的应用另外,成岩作用等多种因素会干扰沉积物金属记录对环境变化的指示作用,所以构建多元素指标来综合判断沉积物记录所反映的环境信息是今后的研究所必须关注的 相似文献
12.
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around Manali industrial area, Chennai, Southern India 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The concentrations of heavy metals (As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mo, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) were studied in soils to understand metal
contamination due to industrialization and urbanization around Manali industrial area in Chennai, Southern India. This area
is affected by the industrial activity and saturated by industries like petrochemicals, refineries, and fertilizers generating
hazardous wastes. The contamination of the soils was assessed on the basis of geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor (EF),
contamination factor and degree of contamination. Soil samples were collected from the industrial area of Manali from the
top 10-cm-layer of the soil. Soil samples were analyzed for heavy metals by using Philips MagiX PRO-2440 Wavelength dispersive
X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The data revealed elevated concentrations of Chromium (149.8–418.0 mg/kg), Copper (22.4–372.0 mg/kg),
Nickel (11.8–78.8 mg/kg), Zinc (63.5–213.6 mg/kg) and Molybdenum (2.3–15.3 mg/kg). The concentrations of other elements were
similar to the levels in the earth’s crust or pointed to metal depletion in the soil (EF < 1). The high-EFs for some heavy
metals obtained in the soil samples show that there is a considerable heavy metal pollution, which could be correlated with
the industries in the area. Contamination sites pose significant environmental hazards for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
They are important sources of pollution and may result in ecotoxicological effects on terrestrial, groundwater and aquatic
ecosystems. In this perspective there is need for a safe dumping of waste disposal in order to minimize environmental pollution. 相似文献
13.
重庆老龙洞地下河间隙水重金属污染及毒性评估 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为查明重庆岩溶地区老龙洞地下河重金属污染情况,于2013年9月采集了地下河上覆水体和表层沉积物间隙水共7组水样,用ICP-OES测定地下河上覆水体和表层沉积物间隙水中的Mn含量,ICP-MS测定Cu、Cd、Cr、As和Pb含量,分析了老龙洞地下河表层沉积物间隙水中各重金属元素的空间分布,对不同介质中的重金属元素进行相关性分析,并参考美国EPA推荐的“国家推荐水质标准”对间隙水中重金属可能产生的生物毒性进行评估。结果表明:老龙洞地下河上覆水体中Mn和Pb的浓度超过了GB 5749-2006规定的生活饮用水限值（Mn≤100 ug/L,Pb≤10 ug/L）,不可作为饮用水源;间隙水中各重金属元素的浓度都比上覆水体高,有向上覆水体扩散的潜在可能性。除Pb、Mn外,间隙水中重金属的含量大小依次为上游>中游>下游。上覆水中除Mn与As、Cd与Cr外,其他金属元素之间的相关性不大;间隙水中Cr、Cu、As和Cd的相关系数分别为0.895～0.997,呈高度正相关。间隙水中金属元素除As不会对水生生态系统产生急性毒性外,Cr、Cu、Cd和Pb都会对水生生态系统产生急性毒性,尤以Cr、Cu、Cd最为严重。 相似文献
14.
Baskar Balakrishnan Biraja Kumar Sahu Jayappriyan Kothilmozhian Ranishree Arockia Vasanthi Lourduraj Marimuthu Nithyanandam Nandakumar Packiriswamy Prabakaran Panchatcharam 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(1):58
Heavy metals are known to pose a potential threat to terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna. Due to increasing human influence, heavy metal concentrations are rising in many mangrove ecosystems. Therefore, an assessment of heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe, Mn, and Zn) concentrations was conducted within the bulk soil and rhizosphere soil of Avicennia marina at the Pichavaram Mangrove Forest in India. The rhizosphere soil showed higher concentrations of metals than the bulk soil. Compared to the bulk soil, the metals Cd, Fe, Mn, and Zn were 6.0–16.7% higher, whereas Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb were 1.7–2.8% higher concentration. Among the three selected sampling sites (dense mangrove forest, estuarine region, and sea region), the sea region had the highest concentration of all heavy metals except Zn. The trend of the mean metal concentration was Fe > Mn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd. Heavy metals concentrations elevated by the 2004 tsunami were persistent even after 4 years, due to sedimentary soil processes, the rhizosphere effect of mangroves, and anthropogenic deposition. Analysis of the heavy metal-resistant bacteria showed highest bacterial count for Cr-resistant bacteria and rhizosphere soil. The maximum level of heavy metal-resistant bacteria was observed at the site with the highest heavy metal contamination. The heavy metal-resistant bacteria can be used as indicator of heavy metal pollution and furthermore in bioremediation. 相似文献
15.
The Changjiang and the Jiulong Estuaries, located in eastern and southeastern China, respectively, have different geomorphologic
and tidal processes as well as anthropogenic development in their associated watersheds. Sediments in the Changjiang estuary
mostly consist of SiO2, CaO and MgO (mean percentages of 63.9, 4.34 and 2.35%), whereas sediments from the Jiulong estuary mostly consist of Al2O3, Fe2O3 and organic matter (mean percentages 19.2, 6.82 and 4.14%). The Jiulong estuarine sediments contain more than twice the concentrations
of Pb, Zn, Cu, than those from the Changjiang estuary. In the Jiulong estuary, these heavy metals are associated with carbonates
and organic matter, whereas in the Changjiang estuary, they are associated with residual fractions or clay. Sediments from
the Changjiang estuary, mostly sediments with little organic matter, do not efficiently sequester anthropogenic-derived trace
metals. In contrast, sediments from the Jiulong estuary consist of a mixture of fluvial and marine matter which can sequester
heavy metals contributed by larger landscapes with industrial and municipal wastewater. 相似文献
16.
The abundances and migration characteristics of the main ore and accompanying metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, and Hg) were investigated
in the natural and technogenic landscapes of the North-Western Altai. Elevated metal concentrations (compared with the background
and guideline values) were observed in the material of tailings of the Altai Mining and Processing Complex and Zmeinogorsk
Gold Recovery Plant, as well as in the waters of anthropogenic lakes, snow cover, and vegetation. It was found that Zn and
Cd are more actively transported into solutions than Pb and Cu during the oxidation dissolution of sulfides in waste heaps.
The spatial migration of heavy metals was evaluated. Species-dependent features were determined in the accumulation of elements
by plants in the phytocoenoses of anthropogenic ecosystems. 相似文献
17.
The island city of Bombay is surrounded by Thane creek in the east and Ulhas river on the north. These two aquatic regimes act as receptacles of industrial waste and sewage discharges from the city and also lithogenic fluxes from the adjacent basaltic terrain.
Two consecutive sets of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon samples of water, suspended solids and sediments were collected from the intertidal zone of Thane Creek and along the Ulhas River. These were analysed for toxic heavy metals such as Fe. Mn, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Hg and Cd and the degree of metal contamination was determined. Using this data the pattern and mechanism of distribution of heavy metals in water, suspended solids and sediments were investigated. These are closely related to discharges of industrial effluents and domestic sewage and largely controlled by basic geochemical processes. 相似文献
18.
Heavy metals are toxic elements that have hazardous effect on the environment. They cause soil pollution as a result of their toxicity, potential reactivity, and mobility in soils. There are so many methods for the measurement of heavy metal concentrations in soils and aquatic systems. The traditional methods used for detecting heavy metal distribution in soil involve laboratory analysis and raster sampling. Both of them are expensive and time-consuming for large areas. Remote sensing techniques are used for obtaining the earth’s surface information, and these techniques have been used in the investigations of heavy metal distributions in preliminary analysis of soils as a rapid method. Today, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) of soil characteristics has been of interest as a significant object. The present investigation is focused on the detection of heavy metals in contaminated soils by the application of reflectance spectroscopy in the spectral range of 350 to 2500 nm. This study also discusses the circumstances of the applied current methods for the detection and estimation of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in contaminated agricultural soils. In the first part of laboratory spectroscopy, estimations were done using heavy metal reflectance spectroscopy and partial least square regression (PLSR) approaches, while in the second part, the heavy metal estimations were done using soil organic carbon reflectance spectroscopy through the PLSR approaches. Similar to the tasks above, estimations of As, Cd, Ni, and Pb by using Landsat 8 images were done in the forms of direct and indirect methods and the distribution of heavy metals in the study area was determined. Finally, the results obtained using direct and indirect methods were compared with the wet chemical measurements of heavy metals and organic carbon. It was found that although the direct detection of heavy metals using the images of Landsat 8 produced more accurate results than the indirect detections, the results obtained from laboratory spectroscopy corresponded more with the results from atomic adsorption spectroscopy. On the other hand, based on the fact that the soil has a complex content, the use of nonlinear methods, such as artificial neural networks in predicting soil heavy metal contents, could be regarded as a trusted method. 相似文献
19.
Y. Zou K. Yokoi H. Ohashi T. Tochio Y. Ito T. Shoji T. Matsuno 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):152-153
Within the last century, water pollution has become a major problem throughout the world. Aquatic systems are endangered by many different types of pollution but one of the most threatening is contamination by heavy metals, for example, Cd, etc. The presence of these metals is mainly due to industrial wastes or mining wastes being improperly treated and dumped into the water supply. The contamination may damage marine organisms or create changes in the aquatic environment. For these reasons, monitoring the concentrations of trace elements in rivers, coastal waters and open seawater is very important for environmental conservation. Like many countries in the world, China is facing the serious problem of water pollution in its aquatic system. Areas like the Yangtze River have been industrialized very quickly, and without proper waste control practices the pollution levels have increased with the economic growth. The Yangtze River covers thousands of square kilometers and crosses more than half of China before reaching the East China Sea. 相似文献
20.
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around Balanagar industrial area,Hyderabad, India 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
G. Machender Ratnakar Dhakate L. Prasanna P. K. Govil 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(5):945-953
The concentration of heavy metals such as Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, Y, Zn, Zr were studied in soils of Balanagar
industrial area, Hyderabad to understand heavy metal contamination due to industrialization and urbanization. This area is
affected by the industrial activities like steel, petrochemicals, automobiles, refineries, and battery manufacturing generating
hazardous wastes. The assessment of the contamination of the soils was based on the geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor
(EF), contamination factor, and degree of contamination. Soil samples were collected from Balanagar industrial area from top
10–50 cm layer of soil. The samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for heavy metals. The data revealed
that the soils in the study area are significantly contaminated, showing high level of toxic elements than normal distribution.
The ranges of concentration of Cr (82.2–2,264 mg/kg), Cu (31.3–1,040 mg/kg), Ni (34.3–289.4 mg/kg), Pb (57.5–1,274 mg/kg),
Zn (67.5–5819.5 mg/kg), Co (8.6–54.8 mg/kg), and V (66.6–297 mg/kg). The concentration of above-mentioned other elements was
similar to the levels in the earth’s crust pointed to metal depletion in the soil as the EF was <1. Some heavy metals showed
high EF in the soil samples indicating that there is a considerable heavy metal pollution, which could be correlated with
the industries in the area. A contamination site poses significant environmental hazards for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
They are important sources of pollution and may results in ecotoxicological effects on terrestrial, groundwater and aquatic
ecosystems. 相似文献