共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 922 毫秒
1.
运用地基获取的树木三维激光点云扫描数据源,基于LIDAR360、MATLAB软件处理平台,设计排序算法和凸包算法进行样木树高、胸径等参数提取技术研究,提取的参数与实测值通过回归分析统计:其树高相关系数R2为0.978 0,均方根误差为0.133 3 m,且t检验的P <0.05;胸径相关系数R2为0.972 3,均方根误差为0.55 cm,且t检验的P<0.05。说明提取的树高、胸径参数均与实测的树高、胸径值存在显著性相关,研究表明:采用排序算法和凸包算法提取的单木树高与胸径参数较为理想,具有较高的参数提取精度,为林区大面积范围测量单木树高、胸径等参数提供快速、精准有效的新方法。 相似文献
2.
为探求黄河三角洲湿地土壤调蓄水功能的合理柽柳林密度,采用测量土壤入渗过程和水分物理参数相结合的方法,对不同密度柽柳林的土壤蓄水功能和水分调节能力进行研究。结果表明:①柽柳林随密度的增大具有显著提高细砂粒和降低粉黏粒含量的作用;中密度林分降盐抑碱效应明显,各密度林分表层盐碱含量低于20~40 cm土层;②土壤容重随林分密度增大表现为先减小后增大,孔隙度状况则与之相反,中密度、高密度、草地总孔隙度均值分别比低密度林分高12.9%、6.2%、4.4%;对表层的改良效果好于20~40 cm土层;③Horton模型可较好地模拟柽柳林的土壤入渗过程,中密度林分渗透性能最好,高密度次之,低密度最差;④饱和蓄水量、吸持蓄水量、滞留蓄水量及涵蓄降水量均表现为中密度>高密度>草地>低密度,表土层的水分调蓄功能好于下层;中密度、高密度、草地涵蓄降水量分别比低密度林分高28.4%、23.8%、14.1%。中密度柽柳林具有巨大的水分调蓄空间,其次为高密度,而低密度林分较差。 相似文献
3.
根据柳江流域草丛群落类型、高度及其分布面积选择平均高度>1.5m、0.5~1m和<0.5m的高、中、低3种高度的代表性草丛,通过收获法研究了其群落生物量,并对其碳储量进行了初步估算。研究结果表明:(1)五节芒(Miscanthusflorid-ulus)、毛秆野古草(Arundinellahirta)和假俭草(Eremochloaophiuroides)草丛群落的生物量分别为8609.68g/m2、1022.61g/m2和821.63g/m2,生物量与高度呈正相关,但随群落高度增加,地上生物量增加迅速,地下生物量增长平缓;(2)随群落高度增加,生物量迅速向地上部分聚集,低矮的假俭草群落地下生物量与地上生物量的比值为1.91,高度中等的毛秆野古草群落为1.32,但高度大的五节芒群落仅为0.21,地下/地上生物量比值与群落高度呈负相关,其中毛秆野古草与五节芒群落的地下生物量和地上生物量可以用幂函数很好的拟合(R2>0.79,P<0.01),因此二者可以依据地上生物量便捷的估算其地下生物量,但假俭草地下和地上生物量的关系模型不理想;(3)地下生物量以幂函数关系随深度递减(R2>0.95,P<0.01),主要集中分布在0~20cm土层,可达根系生物量的80%以上,40cm以下土层中根系很少;(4)柳江流域岩溶区草丛植被的碳储量达9.51TgC。 相似文献
4.
基于东北过伐林区吉林省汪清林业局187块蒙古栎林的样地调查数据,结合单木生物量模型,研究蒙古栎林的林分生物量和估计模型.结果表明: 蒙古栎林的平均生物量为: 树干 178.73Mg/hm2, 树枝13.766Mg/hm2, 树叶 5.159Mg/hm2, 树根 29.373Mg/hm2, 全部为 227.028Mg/hm2. 采用联立方程组方法,建立了相容性林分生物量模型.该模型包括树干、树枝、树叶、根和全部各分量,自变量为林分公顷株数和断面积.各模型的预估精度均在95%以上,95%的误差分布在[-24.144,23.712],[-5.146,5.578],[-1.743,1.919],[-3.493,3.440]和[-30.156,30.166](置信水平为95%).由于模型的自变量林分公顷株数和断面积是森林调查中的常规因子,也是传统森林生长收获模型中的重要变量,因此,一方面可利用建立的模型和固定样地通过统计推断获得森林经营单位或区域尺度的森林生物量,或基于小班调查数据进行估算; 另一方面可以和传统的生长收获模型相结合,预测林分生物量的变化.为气候变化下林分、森林经营单位和区域生物量和碳贮量的计量和预测提供了方法和依据. 相似文献
5.
为系统地量化环境因子之间的协同关系及其对生物量时空格局的调控,以锡林河流域为研究区域,测量了2020年5月—9月典型草原生态系统地上生物量以及气象因子(包括降水量和气温)、地形因子(包括高程)、土壤因子(包括土壤含水量、干密度、有机碳质量分数、全氮质量分数和pH)等三大类共8个环境因子,并通过地理探测器方法定量分析了地上生物量与各环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:1)时间维度上,研究区地上生物量在生长季初期稳定增长,在水热条件最好的7月,植被地上生物量增长最为迅速,在9月3日地上生物量达到峰值,此时流域上、下游地上生物量分别为209.12、147.19 g/m2;空间维度上,上游地上生物量显著高于下游(显著性水平p<0.05),地上生物量空间分布格局呈现从东南向西北整体减小的趋势。2)整个生长季中,气象因子(降水量和气温)是地上生物量空间格局的关键驱动因子,其对地上生物量分布格局的解释率在60.0%以上;生长季末期,除气象因子外,土壤pH也成为影响研究区地上生物量分布格局的主要驱动因子。3)生长季各阶段,各环境因子对地上生物量的交互作用均呈现出非线性增强和双因子... 相似文献
6.
中国亚热带森林对亚热带地区乃至中国的碳收支和碳平衡具有十分的重要作用。根据中国亚热带地区5种主要林型(杉木林、马尾松林、常绿阔叶林、阔叶速生人工林和针阔混交林)生物量的文献资料,采用关联矩阵法分析了亚热带5种林型树干、树枝、树叶、乔木层地上部分、乔木层地下部分、乔木层总碳库、林下植被碳库(包括灌木层和草本层)、死生物量碳库(包括枯立木、枯倒木、枯枝和凋落物)8个碳库间的偶联关系,利用回归方程研究乔木层、林下植被层、死生物量碳密度与立木蓄积量的关系,通过Logistic曲线探讨5种林型乔木层的最大碳密度。结果表明:1)5种林型生态系统碳库组分的碳密度和分配比例存在明显差异,但均呈现乔木层死生物量灌木层草本层的规律;2)5种林型树干、乔木层地上部分、乔木层地下部分、乔木层总碳库的碳密度之间关联性极为显著(p0.001),它们与死生物量碳密度的关联性均达到显著水平(p0.05);针阔混交林的林下植被碳密度与其他碳库组分碳密度相关性不显著(p0.05),而其他4种林型的林下植被碳密度均与树干、乔木层地上部分、乔木层地下部分、乔木层总碳库、死生物量的碳密度显著相关(p0.05);3)针阔混交林的林下植被碳密度与立木蓄积量相关性不显著,其他4种林型的乔木层总碳密度、林下植被碳密度、死生物量碳密度与立木蓄积量的回归曲线均达到显著水平(p0.05);4)5种林型乔木层的碳密度与林龄的关系符合Logistic曲线(p0.0001),碳密度最大值分别为194.43Mg/hm~2,110.62Mg/hm~2,260.42Mg/hm~2,175.52Mg/hm~2和157.20Mg/hm~2,它们可视为亚热带5种林型乔木层固碳潜力的参考水平。 相似文献
7.
煤炭高密度空间采样地震勘探方法研究及应用效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高密度空间采样地震勘探技术在野外采用单点激发、单点接收,可有效避免野外组合时差对高频的影响及组合产生的接收各向异性问题,并有利于室内对规则干扰进行压制。通过开展高密度空间采样试验,对高密度勘探技术中空间采样密度与分辨率的关系,高密度激发技术、静校正、高保真室内组合方法、噪声压制方法及三维去噪最小数据集抽取方法等关键技术进行了总结。以HNDJ区的高密度地震勘探项目为例,高密度地震勘探获得的新剖面,其各煤层的反射特征都比过去普通三维资料有明显提高,特别是Td波。对该区的高密度空间采样数据利用多种地震属性对断层进行识别,新发现6～8m的断层2条,尤其2m断距的断层显示的也非常清晰,实例表明高密度空间采样地震勘探技术,可提高地震勘探的成像精度。 相似文献
8.
9.
多年冻土区冻土生态系统对气候变化极其敏感,利用在长江黄河源区实测的高寒草甸和高寒草原植被生物量数据以及青藏高原降水、气温以及地温等的空间分布规律,建立了长江黄河源区高寒草甸与高寒草原等主要高寒生态系统地上与地下现存生物量对气候要素变化的多元回归模型.预测分析表明：如果未来10 a气温增加0.44℃.（10a）^-1,在降水量不变的情况下,高寒草甸和高寒草原地上生物量分别递减2.7%和2.4%,如果同时降水量小幅度增加8 mm.（10a）^-1,则地上生物量可基本保持现状水平略有减少;在气温增加2.2℃.（10a）^-1,在降水量不变的情况下,高寒草甸和高寒草原地上生物量年分别平均减少达6.8%和4.6%,如果同期降水量增加12 mm.（10a）^-1,高寒草甸地上生物量可基本维持现状水平略有增加,而高寒草原地上生物量则递增5.2%.高寒草原植被地上生物量对气候增暖的响应幅度显著小于高寒草甸,而对降水增加的响应程度大于高寒草甸.明确高寒草地植被生物量随气候变化的演变趋势,对于青藏高原生态环境保护和研究气候变化对青藏高原生态系统碳循环和河源区水循环的影响具有重要意义. 相似文献
10.
青藏高原多年冻土区典型高寒草地生物量对气候变化的响应 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
多年冻土区冻土生态系统对气候变化极其敏感,利用在长江黄河源区实测的高寒草甸和高寒草原植被生物量数据以及青藏高原降水、气温以及地温等的空间分布规律,建立了长江黄河源区高寒草甸与高寒草原等主要高寒生态系统地上与地下现存生物量对气候要素变化的多元回归模型.预测分析表明:如果未来10 a气温增加0.44℃·(10a)-1,在降水量不变的情况下,高寒草甸和高寒草原地上生物量分别递减2.7%和2.4%,如果同时降水量小幅度增加8 mm·(10a)-1,则地上生物量可基本保持现状水平略有减少;在气温增加2.2℃·(10a)-1,在降水量不变的情况下,高寒草甸和高寒草原地上生物量年分别平均减少达6.8%和4.6%,如果同期降水量增加12 mm·(10a)-1,高寒草甸地上生物量可基本维持现状水平略有增加,而高寒草原地上生物量则递增5.2%.高寒草原植被地上生物量对气候增暖的响应幅度显著小于高寒草甸,而对降水增加的响应程度大于高寒草甸.明确高寒草地植被生物量随气候变化的演变趋势,对于青藏高原生态环境保护和研究气候变化对青藏高原生态系统碳循环和河源区水循环的影响具有重要意义. 相似文献
11.
A. A. Vahedi 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(10):2087-2094
The ecological and biological attributes of trees stand as well as the water cycle in forests are substantially related to variations of water storage capacity in forest ecosystems. This study aimed to figure out a protocol for monitoring the water storage capacity variations in the Hyrcanian mixed-beech stands after harvesting and extracting trees form the forest. A total of 174 trees were felled and weighed, and destructive sampling following lines of exploitation was carried out for measuring the water content in aboveground biomass of trees. Curve estimation regression analyses including the tree biophysical variables (breast height diameter DBH, total height H, basic wood density \(\rho\)) were used for examining the prediction accuracy. Nonlinear models were log-transformed, and systematic bias was corrected by correction factor depending on standard error of estimate when back-transforming to the originally dependent value. The findings showed that the power-law models were the best functional form for predicting the dependent variables. Using only DBH in the simple power model explained 76% of total variance (Adj.R 2 = 0.76) with a low Akaike information criterion (AIC) and normalized root-mean-square error RMSE%, indicating a high accuracy of prediction (\({\text{AIC}} \approx - 238\); RMSE% = 11.7). Adding H and \(\rho\) in the linear log-transformed power models with different interaction terms increased the certainty of prediction with the highest accuracy (\({\text{Adj}}.R^{2} = 0.86,\;{\text{AIC}} = - 329,\;{\text{RMSE}}\% = 9\)). Considering diverse conditions for natural forest sites, the optimum models including the biophysical variables may have associated parameters in the other forests having different stand types and compositions. 相似文献
12.
Arvind K. Mishra Silao V. Ramteke Phalguni Sen Amit Kumar Verma 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(3):1647-1664
Blasting is one of the primary mining operations for extracting minerals and ores however, if not designed properly, may have a varying degree of environmental and socio-economic impact in and around mining areas. In Indian mining industry, blast designs are fundamentally based on the experience and capability of the blasting crew and its assessment is more qualitative in nature, based on conventional trial and error basis. With the change in site geology and geotechnical parameters, the blast design parameters also require alterations, which can be standardized with the development of an intelligent system such as neural network. In this paper, the concept of artificial neural network and random forest algorithm has been used for better blast designs. Over 120 blast results from an opencast coal mine have been used for prediction of burden and energy factor with blast hole diameter, bench height to stemming ratio, nature of strata and average fragment size as input parameters. Out of 120 data sets 85 data sets recorded at a surface coal mine was used to train the model and 20 for the validation. Co-efficient of determination and root mean square error was chosen as the indicators to identify the optimum neural network and random forest model. The root mean square values obtained for energy factor is 0.153 while it is 0.1947 for burden. Similarly, the RMSE values obtained using random forest tree algorithm is 0.48 for burden while 50.76 for energy factor. The results revealed that random forest tree network system has potential to design better blast that is not generic and can be a potential tool for blasting engineers to design optimum blast for the mines. 相似文献
13.
J. H. Calder M. R. Gibling C. F. Eble A. C. Scott D. J. MacNeil 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1996,31(1-4)
Strata of Westphalian D age on the western coast of the Sydney Basin expose a fossil forest of approximately 30 lepidodendrid trees within one of several clastic splits of the Harbour Seam. A multidisciplinary approach was employed to interpret the origins of the coat bed, the depositional history of the site and the response of the fossil forest to changing edaphic conditions. The megaspore and miospore records indicate that the mire vegetation was dominated by arboreous lycopsids, especially Paralycopodites, with subdominant tree ferns. Petrographic, palynological and geochemical evidence suggest that the Harbour coal bed at Table Head originated as a rheotrophic (cf. planar) mire (eutric histosol). The mire forest is interpreted to have been engulfed by prograding distributary-channel sediments; sparse protist assemblages are suggestive of a freshwater delta-plain lake environment occasionally in contact with brackish waters. Lepidodendrids persisted as site colonizers of clastic substrates even after burial of the rheotrophic peatland and influenced the morphology of deposited sediment, but apparently were unable to colonize distributary channels. Equivocal taxonomic data (compression fossils) show the fossil forest to have been composed of both monocarpic (Lepidodendron) and polycarpic (Diaphorodendron, Paralycopodites, ?Sigillaria) lycopsids, genera recorded in the palynology of the uppermost ply of the underlying coal bed. Comparatively rare within the clastic beds of the fossil forest, however, is the stem compression of Paralycopodites, whose dispersed megapores and miospores dominate the underlying coal bed. Tree diameter data recorded equivalent to breast height indicate a forest of mixed age. These data would appear to suggest that some lepidodendrids employing a polycarpic reproductive strategy were better able to cross the ecological barrier imposed between peat and clastic substrates. Foliar compressions indicate that an understory or stand of Psaronius type tree ferns co-existed with the lepidodendrids on clastic substrates, which developed as incipient gleysol soils. The entombment of the forest can be ascribed to its distributary coastal setting, local subsidence and a seasonal climate that fostered wildfire and increased sedimentation. 相似文献
14.
The mid-subtropical forest is one of the biggest sections of subtropical forest in China and plays a vital role in mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon. Studies have examined carbon storage density (CSD) distribution in temperate forests. However, our knowledge of CSD in subtropical forests is limited. In this study, Jiangle County was selected as a study case to explore geographic variation in CSD. A spatial heterogeneity analysis by semi-variogram revealed that CSD varied at less than the mesoscale (approximately 2000–3000 m). CSD distribution mapped using Kriging regression revealed an increasing trend in CSD from west to east of the study area. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that CSD was clustered at the village level (at 5% significance). Some areas with local spatial autocorrelation were detected by Anselin Local Moran’s I and Getis-Ord G*. A geographically weighted regression model showed different impacts on the different areas for each determinant. Generally, diameter at breast height, tree height, and stand density had positive correlation with CSD in Jiangle County, but varied substantially in magnitude by location. In contrast, coefficients of elevation and slope ranged from negative to positive. Based on these results, we propose certain measures to increase forest carbon storage, including increasing forested area, improving the quality of the current forests, and promoting reasonable forest management decisions and harvesting strategies. The established CSD model emphasizes the important role of mid-subtropical forest in carbon sequestration and provides useful information for quantifying mid-subtropical forest carbon storage. 相似文献
15.
Guoquan Wang James Joyce David Phillips Ramesh Shrestha William Carter 《Landslides》2013,10(4):503-513
Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) is a remote sensing technique that uses light, often using pulses from a laser to measure the distance to a target. Both terrestrial- and airborne-based LIDAR techniques have been frequently used to map landslides. Airborne LIDAR has the advantage of identifying large scarps of landslides covered by tree canopies and is widely applied in identifying historical and current active landslides hidden in forested areas. However, because landslides naturally have relatively small vertical surface deformation in the foot area, it is practically difficult to identify the margins of landslide foot area with the limited spatial resolution (few decimeters) of airborne LIDAR. Alternatively, ground-based LIDAR can achieve resolution of several centimeters and also has the advantages of being portable, repeatable, and less costly. Thus, ground-based LIDAR can be used to identify small deformations in landslide foot areas by differencing repeated terrestrial laser scanning surveys. This study demonstrates a method of identifying the superficial boundaries as well as the bottom boundary (sliding plane) of an active landslide in National Rainforest Park, Puerto Rico, USA, using the combination of ground-based and airborne LIDAR data. The method of combining terrestrial and airborne LIDAR data can be used to study landslides in other regions. This study also indicates that intensity and density of laser point clouds are remarkably useful in identifying superficial boundaries of landslides. 相似文献
16.
David G. Green 《Quaternary Research》1981,15(3):265-277
Forest ecology suffers from a lack of long-term community records. Preserved pollen data are richer in such information than is generally realized. By applying suitable statistical techniques to pollen records, one can learn much about competition, succession, and population dynamics in past tree communities. In this study, preserved pollen records from Everitt Lake, Nova Scotia, are analyzed as time series. Time domain studies reveal the post-fire responses of individual tree taxa. Correlograms yield models of past forest succession patterns. The models explain some effects of changing fire frequency, thus suggesting mechanisms by which fire, competition, and climate combine to produce long-term forest composition changes. Frequency domain studies suggest relationships between disturbance cycles, stand composition, and forest mosaics. Fire frequencies are seen to be highest where fire-dependent species abound and most regular where tree stands have uniform, not mixed, composition. 相似文献
17.
18.
Seyed Armin Hashemi Mir Mozaffar Fallahchai Farahzad Jahan Bakhsh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(9):3371-3376
Stand volume is an important criterion in forest sciences for monitoring status and function of forests, estimation of productivity, prediction and modeling of forest disturbance, economic and environmental issues, and forest planning. The aim of this research is to evaluate the ETM+ sensor of Landsat 7 satellite data ability for forest timber volume estimation. For this purpose, 40 selective sample plots with 60?×?60 m dimension were selected, and in each sample plot, standing volume was calculated. Correspondent digital data to plots were extracted from spectral and considered as independent variables. Original stand volume data, square root, and logarithm of them were considered as dependent potential for stand volume estimation. Variables using stepwise regression, the best model with coefficient of determination, and adjusted coefficient of determination with regard to determining the appropriate model were modified Log?V=?07.546?+?0.85Greenness???10.564NDWI???28 0.063Band1. In this model, the coefficient of determination and adjusted coefficient of determination were obtained 0.778 and 0.770, respectively. Result showed that spectral data of the mentioned sensor have a moderate. 相似文献
19.
ALEXANDER V. KIRDYANOV FRANK HAGEDORN ANASTASIA A. KNORRE ELENA V. FEDOTOVA EUGENE A. VAGANOV MUHTAR M. NAURZBAEV PAVEL A. MOISEEV ANDREAS RIGLING 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2012,41(1):56-67
Kirdyanov, A. V., Hagedorn, F., Knorre, A. A., Fedotova, E. V., Vaganov, E. A., Naurzbaev, M. M., Moiseev, P. A. & Rigling, A. 2012 (January): 20th century tree‐line advance and vegetation changes along an altitudinal transect in the Putorana Mountains, northern Siberia. Boreas, Vol. 41, pp. 56–67. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00214.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Ongoing climatic changes potentially affect tree‐line ecosystems, but in many regions the observed changes are superimposed by human activities. We assessed how the forest‐tundra ecotone has changed during the last century in the Putorana Mountains, northern Siberia, an extremely remote and untouched area in Eurasia. A space‐for‐time approach was used to determine the spatio‐temporal dynamics of forest structure and biomass along an altitudinal transect. From the closed larch forest to the upper tree line, the mean age of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) decreased considerably from 220 to 50 years ago. At the current upper species line, there is a strong and successful germination of larch, with 1500 saplings per hectare, indicating an ongoing filling‐in, a densification of a formerly open forest and an upslope shift of the tree‐line position (approximately 30 to 50 m in altitude during the last century). The forest expansion coincided with large increases in winter precipitation during the 20th century. In contrast, tree growth rates were significantly positively related to summer temperatures, neither of which increased markedly. The total aboveground biomass decreased from approximately 40 t ha?1 in the closed larch forest to 5 t ha?1 at the tree line. Our study demonstrates that ongoing climatic changes lead to an upslope expansion of forests in the remote Putorana Mountains, which alters the stand structure and productivity of the forest‐tundra ecotone. These vegetation changes are very probably of minor importance for aboveground carbon sequestration, but soil carbon data are needed to estimate the impact of the forest expansion on the total ecosystem carbon storage. 相似文献
20.
树木水分利用的研究总体上可分为三个尺度, 即叶片、林木和林分尺度. 近年来, 林木水分利用的定量研究显得日益重要, 森林生理学和森林水文学的发展以及应用都与林木水分利用的定量研究密不可分. 对国内外近年来林木尺度水分利用研究的方法、 研究进展及存在的问题进行了详细的阐述, 提出了今后林木水分利用定量研究需开展的重点工作, 以期促进林木水分利用定量研究的进一步发展. 相似文献