共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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环境中放线菌及其抑藻活性物质研究的若干进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赤潮是一种严重的全球性海洋自然灾害,近年来赤潮发生次数增多,发生区域扩大,危害加剧.放线菌是产生生物活性物质相对较多的一类微生物,溶藻放线菌的发现及其代谢产物多样性,在赤潮生消过程中起着越来越重要的作用,为微生物防治赤潮及新型杀藻剂的开发提供了可能.采用溶藻微生物进行赤潮和水华的防治已经被深入认识和充分肯定,成为当前赤潮研究的重点和热点.概述了溶藻放线菌发现及其活性物质分离筛选的研究进展以及赤潮防治的新方法,强调了放线菌及其代谢产物在生态环境中的重要作用,提出了利用放线菌防治赤潮的可能性及有效性,并对溶藻放线菌及其活性物质的研究趋势和应用前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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有害藻华的预测技术和防灾减灾对策研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有害藻华给海洋生物、海水养殖业、海洋环境和公共健康安全造成了极大的威胁,已经成为世界性的海洋环境灾害之一.近几十年,我国近海有害藻华的发生频率和发生规模不断扩大,给国家经济发展和公共医疗卫生造成了极大的经济损失和不利影响.主要介绍了国内外常用的有害藻华预测技术,并参考国内外有效的有害藻华防治措施,为我国有害藻华的防灾减灾工作提出建议.我国亟需逐步建立有害藻华综合预警报业务体系和完备的应急减灾体系,才能进一步提升有害藻华等海洋环境灾害的应对能力. 相似文献
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“我国近海有害赤潮发生的生态学、海洋学机制及预测防治”研究进展 总被引：44，自引：1，他引：43
介绍国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（“973”项目）“我国近海有害赤潮发生的生态学、海洋学机制及预测防治”的研究背景和主要研究内容,即以我国赤潮高发区东海作为主要研究海域,重点开展重要有害赤潮种的生物学特征及生态适应策略研究;近海赤潮高发区有害赤潮与富营养化的关系研究;近海赤潮高发区有害赤潮生消关键物理过程、数值模拟与预测研究;有害赤潮的危害机理及防治机理研究等。简要报道了项目通过现场综合航次获得的东海大规模赤潮发生前后水文、化学和生物学等诸多要素的变化特征,以及结合实验室模拟研究,在探索重要赤潮生物种群变化的动力学过程及其调控机理等方面取得的进展。另外,对项目的研究前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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藻席钙华对彩池边坝的颜色及钙华的沉积具有调控作用,会影响彩池边壁稳定性,导致独特景观破坏。文章选取黄龙争艳彩池作为研究对象,通过对藻席钙华的基本理化特征和微观形貌观察与分析,明确藻席钙华的沉积特性。结果表明：藻席钙华含水率为5.70 %,密度为1.56 g.cm-3,具有较强吸水能力;通过XRD确定其主要矿物相为方解石;利用元素分析仪确定总碳含量为12.06 %,在生物作用下,受次生有机碳影响较大;藻席钙华的微观形貌显示,硅藻与钙华颗粒是构成藻席钙华的基本单元,是一个复合型生物集合体。 相似文献
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藻席钙华对彩池边坝的颜色及钙华的沉积具有调控作用,会影响彩池边壁稳定性,导致独特景观破坏。文章选取黄龙争艳彩池作为研究对象,通过对藻席钙华的基本理化特征和微观形貌观察与分析,明确藻席钙华的沉积特性。结果表明:藻席钙华含水率为5.70 %,密度为1.56 g.cm-3,具有较强吸水能力;通过XRD确定其主要矿物相为方解石;利用元素分析仪确定总碳含量为12.06 %,在生物作用下,受次生有机碳影响较大;藻席钙华的微观形貌显示,硅藻与钙华颗粒是构成藻席钙华的基本单元,是一个复合型生物集合体。 相似文献
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细菌降解前后小球藻热模拟生成的气、油和类干酪根 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对比研究了枯草杆菌降解作用前后小球藻热模拟生成的气、油和类干酪根的特征。经细菌降解作用后，小球藻热解产气率提高了２．０９倍，热解产气组分中烃气／非烃气比值提高了一倍。蛋白质可能是小球藻热模拟产气的重要分子来源。细菌的降解作用对于早期成因的生物气或生物热催化气的形成具有重要意义。细菌降解作用可提高小球藻细胞的粗脂肪（氯仿沥青＂Ａ＂）含量，而类脂化合物是藻细胞热解产生烷烃的主要分子来源，因此，经细菌降解的藻细胞热解后具较高的烷烃产量。类干酪根分析结果表明，细菌降解的藻细胞在热解时更易凝胶化；细菌降解作用有利于藻细胞进入热演化生烃期，并有利于提高藻细胞的产烃性能和潜力。 相似文献
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川黔地区地表钙华中发现现代淡水叠层石及藻席 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
笔者通过对四川九寨沟、贵州黄果树、马岭河峡谷以及香纸沟的地表钙华的考查和研究,首次在地表钙华体中发现现代淡水叠层石及其藻席,并总结了研究区叠层石藻席的种类和特征,认为该研究区叠层石藻席中微生物群落的优势种主要属于蓝藻门中的裂须藻属（Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｔｈｒｉｘ）、席藻属（Ｐｈｏｒｍｉｄｉｕｍ）和鞘丝藻属（Ｌｙｎｇｂｙａ）。该叠层石的形成是由于蓝藻藻席的新旧更迭以及沉积物的周期性沉积造成的;叠层石的纹层和 相似文献
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对西沙群岛西科1井第四纪地层中的钙藻进行了初步研究, 共鉴定钙藻3科7属, 包括红藻门珊瑚藻科让氏藻属、蟹手藻属、珊瑚藻属、石枝藻属和石孔藻属, 以及绿藻门松藻科仙掌藻属和粗枝藻科伞轴藻属.通过对地层中钙藻形态功能的分析, 西科1井第四纪早期海水较深, 沉积环境为礁前相, 中期外礁坪和内礁坪交替沉积, 至晚期出现短时间的泻湖相之后沉积环境演变为礁后滩相.西科1井第四纪钙藻在造礁功能上主要体现在2个方面: (1)通过自身的钙化作用, 为生物礁的生长供应微小碳酸盐颗粒沉积物; (2)利用自身形成的节片结构和生物捆扎-粘结结构参与造礁. 相似文献
9.
硝酸盐氮氧稳定同位素分馏过程记录的海洋氮循环研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
海洋生态系统中的氮素生物地球化学循环主要是由微生物的代谢过程来驱动的,包括氮固定、氮同化、硝化以及反硝化和厌氧氨氧化过程,这些过程都伴随着不同程度的氮氧同位素的分馏,直接影响着海洋硝酸盐中的氮氧稳定同位素组成.因此,通过检测海洋硝酸盐中的氮氧稳定同位素信号,就可以捕捉到海洋中发生的具体氮素循环过程.细菌反硝化法是这一研究最有力的手段,通过细菌的作用把硝酸盐中记录的氮氧稳定同位素信号转化到N2O中,再通过痕量N2O的同位素质谱测定和分析,准确地反映海洋中发生的氮素转化过程.硝酸盐氮氧稳定同位素分馏过程为深入理解海洋氮循环提供了一个重要的工具,有力推动了海洋氮素生物地球化学的研究,在近10年来取得了重要进展. 相似文献
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J. Shao Y. Jiang Z. Wang L. Peng S. Luo J. Gu R. Li 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(2):469-476
Application of algicidal bacteria is a promising and environmentally friendly way to control cyanobacterial blooms. Lytic effects of the algicidal bacteria on Microcystis aeruginosa have been observed, but the interactions between algicidal bacteria and the cyanobacteria are still elusive. An algicidal bacterium Bacillus sp. B50 isolated from Lake Donghu showed a highly lytic efficiency on M. aeruginosa NIES-843 through heat-resistant extracellular substances from strain B50. The cell density of strain B50 could be maintained at high levels during the lytic process in bacteria–Microcystis system with inoculation densities of 1.9 × 106 and 1.9 × 107 cfu/mL, resulting in the death of M. aeruginosa NIES-843. However, the population dynamics of strain B50 was a bell-shaped curve at low inoculation densities and no lytic effect could be observed. Results of physiological responses suggested that the lytic efficiency may be mediated through inhibition of metabolism and production of reactive oxygen species. 相似文献
12.
Professor Dr. Wolfgang E. Krumbein Yehuda Cohen M.Sc. 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1974,63(3):1035-1065
The genesis and development of a monomictic, mesothermal lake and its sediments is demonstrated by the analysis of sediment cores from different parts of the lake and from different stages of development. The compounds which build up the sediments, consist of irregular large particles from the surrounding crystalline rocks, of fine grained silt sediments from catastrophic flud deposits, of evaporitic series, and algae mats. The thickness of the different layers and their distribution in various parts of the lake; the different compounds, absolute age determinations, the carbonate layers and algae mats allow the definition of different stages of development of the lake. Causes and influences of an unusual type of monomixis with summer turnover are discussed and related to the sedimentary environment. Annual fluctuations in physical and biological limnology lead to the development of annual cycles in mat development and evaporites, which are reflected in the varved sediments. Inorganic sedimentation of terrestrial sediments, evaporites and organic matter accumulation are in shifting equilibrium which can be analysed by changes in the sediment types. Within the zone of biologic decay of algae via photosynthetic and other sulfur bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria, biogenic aragonite, Mg-Calcite and sulfides are precipitated. The autigenic dolomite occuring within the algae mats could not be attributed to biological precipitation so far. The lake started out as a lagoon approximately 4500 years B.P. Algae mat development was initiated after the lagoon was separated from the open sea (2400 B.P.). The central parts of the lake subsided at a time between 1900 and 1600 B.P. At this time the algae mat deposition, which until then took place in the whole lake, was restricted to the remaining shallow parts. Years of extremely high precipitation and catastrophic floods are represented by silt layers in the western parts of the lake, while coarser terrestrial sediments are intercalated in the algae mats of the eastern parts. Oöids, carbonate laminae, oncoliths and other types of carbonate particles within the algae mats are defined as biogenic by SEM analyses and laboratory experiments. 相似文献
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Mineralization of a Proterozoic Sulfide Black Smoker Chimney and Thermophilous Microorganisms in Eastern Hebei, China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A sulfide black smoker chimney exists in the Gaobanhe seabed exhalation massive sulfide deposit in the Xingiong-Kuancheng secondary fault basin of the Proterozoic Yaniiao rift trough in Hebei Province, taking the shape of mounds, individually about 2-3 cm high. Abundant fossils of thermophilous bacteria and algae in perfect preservation are found in the ore surrounding the black smoker chimney. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and molecular biomarker studies on the microorganismai ore fabric show that the microorganism in the sulfide ore is in fact a sedimentary product of probiotic bacteria and algae. In the special food chain based on black smoker chimney at ancient seabed- thermophilous bacteria, the thermophilous bacteria and algae reproduce in large quantity. Intermittently erupting of fluid from the chimney creats conditions for formation of sulfide deposit. In the process of exhalation action of hot fluid, thermophilous bacteria and algae grow and reproduce around the sulfide black smoker chimney, absorbing mineralizing substances brought by the fluid. Massive sulfide deposits are formed in this process of absorption of seabed black smoker chimney exhalation-mineralizing fluid pulsation-thermophilous microorganism. 相似文献
14.
拉尔玛金矿矿源层──太阳顶群硅质岩的有机地球化学研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
林丽 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1996,(2)
拉尔玛金矿矿源层──太阳顶群硅质岩的有机地球化学研究林丽（成都理工学院，成都６１００５９）关键词有机地球化学，硅质岩，太阳顶群，拉尔玛金矿床拉尔玛金矿床赋存于寒武系太阳顶群中，该群的硅质岩是矿源层。本文探讨矿源层形成过程中与金关系密切的有机质的生物先... 相似文献
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LIN Li ZHU LidongDepartment of Geology Chengdu Institute of Technology Chengdu Sichuan Zhang Yuxu Fei Zhenbi 《《地质学报》英文版》1998,72(1):65-76
Geological and geochemical studies and experiments on mineralization indicate that the source bed of the La' erma gold deposit in the south subbelt of the western Qinling Mountains is hydrothermal cherts in the Cambrian Taiyangding Group. Organic geochemical study of the cherts shows that the organic precursors intimately associated with gold are marine bacteria and algae. The gold content in chert,is positively correlated with the amount of bacterial and algal microfossils, and simulation experiments on biomineralization of modern bacteria and algae indicate that bacteria and algae played an important role in the formation of the La' erma gold deposit. 相似文献
16.
菌藻生物在成矿作用中的富金实验模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
进行了菌落生物活体,死体,原油,有机质,有机淤泥和三种粘土矿物富金作用的对比实验,并研究了不同环境不同类型的菌藻生物在不同环境下的富金能力的差异,探讨了生物富金机理。结果表明活体菌藻生物富金能力比其他实验样品的强。与海水和淡水条件相比,温尔泉蓝细菌富金能力强;与常温条件相比,热水条件下的温泉蓝细菌富金能力强。 相似文献
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S. Z. Abbas M. Rafatullah K. Hossain N. Ismail H. A. Tajarudin H. P. S. Abdul Khalil 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(1):243-262
Since the last few decades, cadmium anthropocentric sources have been increased drastically. Various chemical and physical approaches for cadmium remediation have been proposed, but these techniques are quite expensive, not healthy for the environment and not efficient at the low concentration of cadmium. Thus, in the last few years, the cadmium removal by biological approaches has received a great interest. Many bacteria can resist against high concentration of cadmium through different mechanisms. The cadmium-resistant bacteria can be grouped into three levels. The main group consists of bacteria which efflux the cadmium from the cells. The bacteria of the other two groups are capable of detoxifying or binding cadmium. The cadA and cadB gene systems are involved in efflux mechanism, and these encode different efflux pump proteins, while the functional groups such as amine, carboxyl, phosphate and hydroxyl facilitate cadmium binding to bacterial surface such as chemisorption. Many enzymes are involved in the detoxifying the cadmium and make the membrane impermeable against cadmium. This paper also reviews the industrial application of cadmium-resistant bacteria and the future perspectives of genetic engineering, bioelectrochemical system, microbial aggregates and biosorption of cadmium by algae. 相似文献
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中国晚前寒武纪微古植物研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对近20年来微古植物研究成果的总结,得出如下五个结论:1)中国的晚前寒武纪发现了微古植物约128属,569种,可分为四大组合。2)长城系(14~18亿年左右)主要是以细菌和蓝藻为代表的原核细胞生物占有生物界的时期,但其中已有真核细胞生物出现。另外有Chuaria 状等化石的出现和广泛分布。3)蓟县系(10~14亿年左右)是真核细胞中的高级藻类大量出现时期,红藻、褐藻,蓝藻相对减少。4)青白口系(8~10亿年左右)是褐藻植物相对繁盛时期,并有Chuaria及Shouhsienia 等化石。5)震旦系下统(7~8亿年左右)生物群特征与青白口系相近似,仍以藻类植物为主,有少量后生动物。震旦系上统(6~7亿年左右)动物界和植物界都有显著变化,微古植物出现新的类型,后生植物和软躯体的后生动物大量繁衍,末期有海绵及个别软舌螺类等具骨骼的后生动物。寒武纪开始,有大量多门类小壳动物,植物界则有刺球藻亚群,这表明生物界已发展到一个新阶段。 相似文献