共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
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为研究因子分析法在泥石流危险性评价中的应用,在建立科学合理的评价指标基础上,利用因子分析法得到影响泥石流危险性的主因子,并进行主、次影响因子的重要性等级排序,得到泥石流主要影响因子对泥石流危险性的贡献度。根据主客观赋权理论,将多目标规划模型所得的客观赋权值与考虑组态偏好要求时的主观均衡度变权值线性组合,得到关于泥石流危险性评价的主客观赋权法主因子权重。选择2种主要分级标准对泥石流危险性指标进行标准化处理,结合权重与影响因子的贡献度建立了多因子综合评价模型,并以保山市后山10条典型泥石流沟基础数据为例,评价了该地区的泥石流危险性。研究表明,利用该方法进行泥石流危险性评价是合理可行的,评价结果与实际情况具有较好的一致性,该方法是泥石流危险性评价的一种新思路。 相似文献
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本文选取岩溶区小流域,查明了泥石流分布及土壤侵蚀现状,分析了泥石流固体物质来源并对土壤侵蚀模数进行了计算,选取了地形地貌和物源状态两类评价因子,基于集水单元完成了研究区泥石流敏感性评价。结果表明,研究区土壤侵蚀是泥石流的主要固体物质来源,评价结果与泥石流分布特征及活动历史相符合,为指导研究区泥石流防治工作和岩溶区小流域泥石流敏感性评价提供参考。 相似文献
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北京山区地质环境条件复杂,发育大量突发地质灾害隐患,既直接威胁山区村庄、道路、景区的人员及设施的安全,又会对城镇的规划建设构成威胁。通过开展地质灾害易发性评价工作,划分出地质灾害易发区,以评价结果指导城镇建设规划,减轻地质灾害的威胁,这是一项十分重要的工作。文章在阐述北京山区崩塌、滑坡及泥石流突发地质灾害发育情况的基础上,选取了坡度、起伏度、工程地质岩组、地质构造、地貌类型及降水等6个影响因子,采用综合信息量模型方法,分别对北京山区斜坡类灾害（崩塌、滑坡）和泥石流灾害的易发性进行评价,并根据“就高不就低”的原则,叠加各灾种的易发性评价结果划分出北京山区突发地质灾害易发性分区图,为城镇建设适宜性评价、编制国土空间规划及完善空间治理提供科学的依据。 相似文献
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白龙江流域为泥石流等地质灾害密集分布区。2020年8月由于强降雨激发,白龙江流域武都段发生了大规模的群发性泥石流灾害,造成严重损失。文章以白龙江流域甘肃省陇南市武都段（宕昌县两河口乡—武都区桔柑镇）为研究区,通过野外实地考察,选取流域面积、流域形状系数、平均坡度、沟谷密度、物源参照值（HI）、岩性、流域中心距活动断层距离、一小时最大降雨量、植被覆盖度作为泥石流危险性评价因子。基于灾害熵理论,分别以泥石流单沟和小流域单元作为评价单元,利用ArcGIS软件,进行区域泥石流危险性评价。分析结果表明,研究区内泥石流沟大多数都属于中、高危险性。致灾因子中岩性、物源参照值（HI）、距断层距离、植被覆盖度及平均坡度的权重最大,与实际考察结果一致。且以小流域单元作为评价单元的评价结果更符合研究区的泥石流发育情况。 相似文献
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以汶川县七盘沟泥石流为研究对象,综合灾害环境选择危险性评价指标,以流域划分评价单元,基于熵值法、层次分析法和灰色关联法三种赋权方法,并采用危险性多因子评价模型,设计了基于上述三种方法的危险评价流程,开展了危险评价与有效性分析试验。研究结果得到研究区泥石流危险性级别,从危险分区与泥石流淹没范围以及单位面积内滑坡面积比重可得,熵值法和层次分析法的评价结果中单位滑坡面积随着危险级别的提高而增大,其中熵值法的评价结果精度较高,层次分析法计算结果与其他方法差异较大,灰色关联法没有达到良好的梯度。实验结果表明该实验方法能有效进行七盘沟泥石流危险评价,可为泥石流灾害环境的危险评估和应急预警提供合理和有效的参考依据。 相似文献
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基于最小熵理论和未确知测度理论的泥石流敏感性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了合理确定各影响因子权重,客观分析泥石流敏感性,基于最小熵分析原理和未确知测度理论建立泥石流敏感性分析模型。选取金沙江流域26条典型泥石流沟,确定9个主要影响因子,利用最小熵分析原理分析各因子对泥石流系统贡献率及权重,然后基于未确知测度理论计算各泥石流沟的多指标综合评价尺度向量,最后根据置信度识别准则确定各泥石流沟敏感度水平。将分析结果与已有成果进行对比可知,仅有7条泥石流沟敏感性结果有所差异。将评价结果与现场实际调查情况对比分析可知,22条泥石流沟的敏感度水平与泥石流实际发育情况相符,仅有4条沟评价结果偏于“保守”,因此,利用所提出的模型进行泥石流敏感度分析是十分有效的,并可对泥石流的防治提供合理的建议,可以在实际工程中推广应用。 相似文献
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北京山区泥石流灾害预警方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赵忠海 《地质灾害与环境保护》2014,25(4):14-19
北京山区泥石流灾害较为频繁,总体以暴雨型沟谷泥石流为主,受地形、地貌、地质、降雨以及松散物类型等因素的影响比较明显。在调查分析北京山区泥石流灾害发育特征的基础上,从泥石流的形成和启动条件入手,对泥石流灾害的预警方法进行研究与探讨。 相似文献
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选取典型喀斯特区域为研究区,根据数字高程模型(DEM)并结合遥感影像和野外实地调查,将研究区进行小流域的划分。针对喀斯特地区有其特定的环境和对地质灾害的特殊成灾机理,分析了土壤侵蚀对喀斯特地区泥石流灾害的贡献作用,并提出了研究区泥石流物源量的计算方法。从泥石流形成条件出发,基于流域单元,选取土壤侵蚀、侵蚀物源量、相对高差、纵坡降、沟壑密度、形成区平均坡度、沟道弯曲系数等7个评价因子,采用层次分析法确定各个评价指标的权重,对研究区二塘河流域17条泥石流沟做了敏感性评价。结果表明,评价结果能够反映研究区二塘河流域泥石流灾害的空间分布与区域活动特征,为小流域泥石流灾害的防治和土地合理利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Susceptibility analysis of large-scale debris flows based on combination weighting and extension methods 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Wen Zhang Jian-ping Chen Qing Wang Yuke An Xin Qian Liangjun Xiang Longxiang He 《Natural Hazards》2013,66(2):1073-1100
Susceptibility is an important issue in debris flow analysis. In this paper, 26 large-scale debris flow catchments located in the Wudongde Dam site were investigated. Seven major factors, namely, loose material volume per square kilometer, loose material supply length ratio, average gradient of the main channel, average hill slope, drainage density, curvature of the main channel, and poor vegetation area ratio, were selected for debris flow susceptibility analysis. Geographic information system, global positioning system, and remote sensing, collectively known as 3S technologies, were used to determine major factors. Weights of major factors affecting debris flow susceptibility were determined. This paper applied the combination weighting method, which considers both the preference of the engineers for major factors and the objective major factor information by using analytic hierarchy process and entropy method. Combination weights of major factors for the investigated 26 debris flow catchments are 0.20, 0.12, 0.20, 0.10, 0.08, 0.19, and 0.11, respectively. Combination weights follow the order of loose material volume per square kilometer = average gradient of the main channel > curvature of the main channel > loose material supply length ratio > poor vegetation area ratio > average hill slope > drainage density. This paper applied extension theory, which is used to solve incompatibility and contradiction problems, to determine susceptibility. Susceptibility results show that the susceptibility of 4 debris flow catchments are very low, 13 are low, 8 are moderate, and 1 is high. Assessment results exhibit consistency with the activity analysis. 相似文献
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Flash flood disaster is a prominent issue threatening public safety and social development throughout the world, especially in mountainous regions. Rainfall threshold is a widely accepted alternative to hydrological forecasting for flash flood warning due to the short response time and limited observations of flash flood events. However, determination of rainfall threshold is still very complicated due to multiple impact factors, particular for antecedent soil moisture and rainfall patterns. In this study, hydrological simulation approach (i.e., China Flash Flood-Hydrological Modeling System: CNFF-HMS) was adopted to capture the flash flood processes. Multiple scenarios were further designed with consideration of antecedent soil moisture and rainfall temporal patterns to determine the possible assemble of rainfall thresholds by driving the CNFF-HMS. Moreover, their effects on rainfall thresholds were investigated. Three mountainous catchments (Zhong, Balisi and Yu villages) in southern China were selected for case study. Results showed that the model performance of CNFF-HMS was very satisfactory for flash flood simulations in all these catchments, especially for multimodal flood events. Specifically, the relative errors of runoff and peak flow were within?±?20%, the error of time to peak flow was within?±?2 h and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency was greater than 0.90 for over 90% of the flash flood events. The rainfall thresholds varied between 93 and 334 mm at Zhong village, between 77 and 246 mm at Balisi village and between 111 and 420 mm at Yu village. Both antecedent soil moistures and rainfall temporal pattern significantly affected the variations of rainfall threshold. Rainfall threshold decreased by 8–38 and 0–42% as soil saturation increased from 0.20 to 0.50 and from 0.20 to 0.80, respectively. The effect of rainfall threshold was the minimum for the decreasing hyetograph (advanced pattern) and the maximum for the increasing hyetograph (delayed pattern), while it was similar for the design hyetograph and triangular hyetograph (intermediate patterns). Moreover, rainfall thresholds with short time spans were more suitable for early flood warning, especially in small rural catchments with humid climatic characteristics. This study was expected to provide insights into flash flood disaster forecasting and early warning in mountainous regions, and scientific references for the implementation of flash flood disaster prevention in China. 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(5):101425
Multi-hazard susceptibility prediction is an important component of disasters risk management plan. An effective multi-hazard risk mitigation strategy includes assessing individual hazards as well as their interactions. However, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, multi-hazard susceptibility prediction techniques based on machine learning has encountered a huge bottleneck. In order to effectively solve this problem, this study proposes a multi-hazard susceptibility mapping framework using the classical deep learning algorithm of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). First, we use historical flash flood, debris flow and landslide locations based on Google Earth images, extensive field surveys, topography, hydrology, and environmental data sets to train and validate the proposed CNN method. Next, the proposed CNN method is assessed in comparison to conventional logistic regression and k-nearest neighbor methods using several objective criteria, i.e., coefficient of determination, overall accuracy, mean absolute error and the root mean square error. Experimental results show that the CNN method outperforms the conventional machine learning algorithms in predicting probability of flash floods, debris flows and landslides. Finally, the susceptibility maps of the three hazards based on CNN are combined to create a multi-hazard susceptibility map. It can be observed from the map that 62.43% of the study area are prone to hazards, while 37.57% of the study area are harmless. In hazard-prone areas, 16.14%, 4.94% and 30.66% of the study area are susceptible to flash floods, debris flows and landslides, respectively. In terms of concurrent hazards, 0.28%, 7.11% and 3.13% of the study area are susceptible to the joint occurrence of flash floods and debris flow, debris flow and landslides, and flash floods and landslides, respectively, whereas, 0.18% of the study area is subject to all the three hazards. The results of this study can benefit engineers, disaster managers and local government officials involved in sustainable land management and disaster risk mitigation. 相似文献
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北京市山区泥石流灾害的发育特征及预报方法探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赵忠海 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2009,20(3):5-10
北京山区泥石流灾害较为发育。泥石流分布地域广泛,但相对集中于部分乡镇、主干断裂构造带附近或几组断裂构造交汇部位、坚硬岩石分布区、末级和二级沟谷以及降雨高值区内,且多发生在7-8月份暴雨季节。受地形地貌、地质条件、降雨分布、土壤类型、气温条件以及植被覆盖程度等影响明显。对于泥石流的预报,目前主要依据的是临界雨量值。本文通过认真研究北京地区泥石流的发育规律,深入分析了泥石流的形成条件和影响因素,并在此基础上对北京地区泥石流预报方法进行了初步探讨。建立了综合考虑地形地貌、地质条件、土壤类型以及降雨情况等因素的判断公式,并就如何开展北京地区泥石流预报工作提出了建议。 相似文献
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基于GIS的北京地区泥石流危险度区划 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
泥石流是北京市山区的主要地质灾害类型之一,文章将北京市以3km×3km的网格进行剖分,选取地形、地层岩性、构造、灾害因子及降水5个因素作为泥石流危险度区划的指标,基于GIS对北京市泥石流危险程度进行了区划。其结果可为北京市开展泥石流预警预报、减灾防灾规划和山区经济建设布局等提供科学参考依据。 相似文献
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An empirical approach for evaluation of the potential of debris flow occurrence in mountainous areas 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Debris flows can occur relatively suddenly and quickly in mountainous areas, resulting in major structural damage and loss of life. The establishment of a model to evaluate the occurrence probability of debris flows in mountainous areas is therefore of great value. The influence factors of debris flows are very complex; they can basically be divided into background factors and triggering factors. Background factors include the mechanical characteristics of geo-materials, topography and landscape, and soil vegetation; and triggering factors include hydrological and rainfall conditions, and human activities. By assessing the dynamic characteristics of debris flows in mountainous areas, some important influence factors are selected here for analysis of their impacts on the occurrence probability of debris flow. A mathematical model for evaluation of the occurrence probability of debris flows is presented and combined with probability analysis. Matlab software is used for the numerical implementation of the forecasting model, and the influences of rainfall, lithology and terrain conditions on the occurrence probability of debris flows are analyzed. Finally, the presented model is applied to forecast the occurrence probability of debris flows in the mountainous area around Qingping Town; the simulation results show that many loose landslide deposits and heavy rainfall are the key factors likely to trigger debris flows in this region. 相似文献
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介绍了基于水文气象途径的地区线性矩法的概念,通过基于次序统计量的线性矩进行参数估计与基于水文气象一致区的地区分析法相结合,以太湖流域1d时段的年极值降雨资料为例,进行暴雨频率分析。应用水文气象一致区的判别准则,将太湖流域划分为8个水文气象一致区;综合考虑三种拟合优度检测方法,选择1~8区的最优分布线型分别为:GEV、GLO、GEV、GEV、GNO、GNO、GEV、GNO;根据地区分析法原理,估算各雨量站的暴雨频率设计值。分析表明:太湖流域各重现期下的年极值降雨空间分布形态基本一致,西南山区是太湖流域的暴雨高风险区,应该在地区防洪规划中引起重视。结果表明:地区线性矩法具有很高的学术和实用价值,建议在全国范围内推广,作为防洪规划的顶层设计和基础工作,以满足工程防洪设计、地区防洪规划、山洪预警和城市防涝防洪规划等方面的需求。 相似文献
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泥石流是北京山区主要突发地质灾害之一,虽然发育规模以中小型居多,但危险性很大,开展专业监测十分必要。科学选取监测对象、合理选择监测方法、监测设备类型和可靠的安装位置,明确监测技术要求,是泥石流监测预警的关键。根据北京市突发地质灾害监测预警系统(二期工程)建设的工作实践,在北京山区泥石流特征分析的基础上,总结得出泥石流监测对象选择、监测方法及设备、监测点位确定方法及技术要求等,并以小梁后沟印子峪泥石流专业监测实践为例,验证了上述原则、方法和技术的合理性。研究成果可为泥石流监测预警的前期选点工作提供思路方法和借鉴参考。 相似文献