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1.
Isotopic patterns of biota across salinity gradients in man-made evaporative systems could assist in determining the use of these habitats by animals. Here we report δ13C, δ15N and δD measurements of a euryhaline fish, the Mediterranean toothcarp (Aphanius fasciatus), inhabiting a range of salinities in the Thyna saltworks near Sfax (Tunisia). The contribution of these salinity niches to egg formation of two typically piscivorous bird species breeding in the area and feeding within saltworks, Little Tern (Sternula albifrons) and Little Egret (Egretta garzetta), was inferred trough a triple-isotope (δ13C, δ15N and δD) Bayesian mixing model. Isotopic trends for fish δ15N and δD across the salinity gradient followed the equations: δ15N = e(1.1 + 47.68/Salinity) and δD = −175.74 + Salinity + Salinity2; whereas fish δ13C increased as salinity rose (δ13C = −10.83 + 0.02·Salinity), after a sudden drop in fish isotopic values for salinities >60 (Practical Salinity Scale) (average fish δ13C for salinities <60 = −5.92‰). Both bird species fed largely on low hypersalinity ponds (salinity = 43; average contribution = 37% and 22% for Little Egrets and Little Terns, respectively), although the use of intermediate hypersalinities (salinities 63 and 70) by Little Terns also occurred (16% and 21%, respectively). Isotopic patterns across salinity gradients allow the use of isotopic measurements to inform studies of habitat occupancy within evaporative systems and provide further insights into how wildlife communities interact with them.  相似文献   

2.
European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) are two species of economical and ecological significance in the Bay of Biscay (north-east Atlantic). However, the trophic ecology of both species is still poorly known in the area, and more generally, few studies have considered the potential trophic overlap between sardines and anchovies worldwide. This study aims to highlight the trophic links between the mesozooplankton and adults of these two pelagic fish in the Bay of Biscay, through carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis (SIA). Mesozooplankton and individuals of sardines and anchovies were collected during one season (spring 2010), over spatially contrasted stations within the study area. First, the potential effect of preservation (ethanol vs. freezing) and of delipidation (by cyclohexane) on mesozooplankton δ13C and δ15N values was assessed. Results demonstrated the necessity to correct for the preservation effect and for lipid contents in mesozooplankton for further analyses of sardines' and anchovies' diet through SIA. Next, this study highlighted the interest of working on identified mesozooplanktonic organisms instead of undetermined assemblages when unravelling food sources of planktivorous fish using stable isotopes. The inter-specific variability of isotope values within a planktonic assemblage was effectively high, probably depending on the various feeding behaviours that can occur among mesozooplankton species. Intra-specific variability was also significant and related to the spatial variations of baseline signatures in the area. To investigate the foraging areas and potential diet overlap of S. pilchardus and E. encrasicolus, mixing models (SIAR) were applied. Both fish species appeared to feed mainly in the neritic waters of the Bay of Biscay in spring and to select mainly small- to medium-sized copepods (e.g. Acartia sp., Temora sp.). However, E. encrasicolus showed a greater trophic plasticity by foraging more offshore and on a wider range of prey sizes, while S. pilchardus seemed more limited to coastal areas and the mesozooplanktonic species of these waters for feeding.  相似文献   

3.
Benthic foraminifer species Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and related genera are assumed to secrete calcite very close to the carbon isotope values of the ambient bottom-water ΣCO2. Recently, attention has been focused on substantial productivity-linked δ13C depletions. To examine further the productivity effect on benthic δ13C deviations, we present data from the South Atlantic between 15 and 35°S, including water samples from 10 hydrographic stations and related surface-sediment measurements on C. wuellerstorfi. We compare open-ocean data with observations in the Namibia Upwelling area. As a result, δ13CΣCO2 values as well as phosphate concentrations in water samples of the upwelling realm differ significantly from those of the open-ocean realm at least in the upper and mid-depth water masses (SACW, AAIW, UCDW). However, deviations from the Redfield fractionation, caused by air–sea fractionation, remain constant within each water mass, which means that the carbon isotope changes toward upwelling areas are exclusively determined by biological cycling. In addition to lower δ13CΣCO2 values in upwelling areas, a depletion in the δ13C of epibenthic foraminifer calcite is observed, which is most likely explained by the decay of organic matter, reducing the 13C/12C ratio in the pore water and influencing the carbon isotopic composition of the C. wuellerstorfi shells of highly productive areas. The paleoceanographic implication of this effect for reconstructing the Late Quaternary deep-water circulation is discussed using carbon isotope records of several sediment cores within and outside the Namibia upwelling area.  相似文献   

4.
We quantified the δ13 C and δ15 N values in the lower beaks of Humboldt squid, Dosidicus gigas, collected from international waters off Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru and Chile by Chinese squid jigging vessels during 2009, 2010 and 2013. There was a significant difference in the isotopic values among regions with the lowest value off Ecuador and the highest off Chile, which were interpreted as a function of trophic effects as well as baseline values. However, constant trophic level of D. gigas across its geographic range showed that spatial variation in the baseline of primary production is the main driver responsible for the observed geographic isotope variability.Inter-regional difference and intra-regional convergence of isotope values indicated squid off Costa Rica, Ecuador and Chile belong to different geographically segregated populations, which were previously proved by integrated population identifying method. In contrast, the higher variations in δ13 C and δ15 N values in a given size group suggest the squid off Peru move and forage in different places. Moreover, potential population exchange could be responsible for the overlap of the isotope values between the squid off Peru and off Chile. On the whole, the spatial difference in isotopic values of Humboldt squid beaks improves our understanding of potential geographic population connectivity and movement.  相似文献   

5.
Although the body size of consumers may be a determinant factor in structuring food webs, recent evidence indicates that body size may fail to fully explain differences in the resource use patterns of predators in some situations. Here we compared the trophic niche of three sympatric and sexually dimorphic air‐breathing marine predators (the South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens, the South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis, and the Magellanic penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus) in three areas of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Río de la Plata and adjoining areas, Northern Patagonia and Southern Patagonia), in order to assess the importance of body size and mouth diameter in determining resource partitioning. Body weight and palate/bill breadth were used to characterize the morphology of each sex and species, whereas the trophic niche was assessed through the use of stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen. The quantitative method Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R (SIBER) was used to compute the area of the Bayesian ellipses and the overlap of the isotopic niches. The results showed that morphological similarity was significantly correlated with isotopic distance between groups within the δ13C–δ15N bi‐plot space in the Río de la Plata area, but not in Northern and Southern Patagonia. Furthermore, resource partitioning between groups changed regionally, and some morphologically distinct groups exhibited a large trophic overlap in certain areas, such as the case of male penguins and male sea lions in Southern Patagonia. Conversely, female sea lions always overlapped with the much larger males of the same species, but never overlapped with the morphologically similar male fur seals. These results indicate that body size and mouth diameter are just two of the factors involved in resource partitioning within the guild of air‐breathing predators considered here, and for whom – under certain environmental conditions – other factors are more important than morphology.  相似文献   

6.
Mesopelagic fish,the most important daily vertically migrating community in the oceans,are characterized by high lipid content which may obscure the interpretation of stable isotopes analysis.Demersal fish,which are important consumers in the food web dominated by mesopelagic fish,also have a high lipid content.Here we collected 127 fish samples from the South China Sea and evaluated the effect of lipid contents on δ13C of mesopelagic and demersal fish.In lipid-extracted mesopelagic f...  相似文献   

7.
In some studies, the researchers pretreated and measured organic carbon, nitrogen and their isotopes(δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N) of marine sediment together, to save costs and resources of analysis. However, the procedure of acidification to remove inorganic carbon for analysing δ~(13)C can affect the values of nitrogen and δ~(15)N, and the biases vary a lot depending on the CaCO_3 contents of sediments. In this study, the biases of total nitrogen(TN)and δ~(15)N values arising from acidified sediments were compared between the CaCO_3-poor(1%–16%) and CaCO_3-rich(20%–40%) samples. TN and δ~(15)N values were altered during acid treatment(without centrifugation) that possibly led to N-containing compounds volatilization. For CaCO_3-poor samples, acidification led to a range of 0%–40% TN losses and 0‰–2‰ shift in δ~(15)N values; and 10%–60% TN losses and 1‰–14‰ shift in δ~(15)N values for CaCO_3-rich samples. The biases from most samples exceeded the precision of the instrument(0.002% for TN and 0.08‰ for δ~(15)N), and high biases could mislead our judgment for the environmental implication of the data. Thus,avoiding co-analysis of organic carbon, nitrogen and their isotopes(δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N) in sediments, even for CaCO_3-poor marine sediments, is necessary.  相似文献   

8.
A three-dimensional numerical model in the δ-coordinate system is developed to study the problem of waves. Turbulence effects are modeled by a subgfid-scale (SGS) model with the concept of large eddy simulation (LES). The δ-coordinate transformation is introduced to map the irregular physical domain of the wavy free surface and uneven bottom onto the regular computational domain of the shape of rectangular prism. The operator splitting method, which splits the solution procedure into the advection, diffusion, and propagation steps, is used to solve the modified Navier-Stokes Equation.The model is used to simulate the propagation of solitary wave and wave passing over a submerged breakwater. Numerical results are compared with available analytical solutions and experimental data in terms of velocity profiles, free surface displacement, and energy conservation. Good agreement is obtained. The method is proved to be of high accuracy and efficiency in simulating surface wave propagation and wave-structure interaction. It is suitable for the large and irregular physical domain, and requiring the non-uniform grid system. The present work provides a foundation for further studies of random waves, wave-structure interaction, wave-discharge interaction, etc.  相似文献   

9.
The isotope characteristics (δD, δ18О) of Kara Sea water were studied for quantitative estimation of freshwater runoff at stations located along transect from Yamal Peninsula to Blagopoluchiya Bay (Novaya Zemlya). Freshwater samples were studied for glaciers (Rose, Serp i Molot) and for Yenisei and Ob estuaries. As a whole, δD and δ18O are higher in glaciers than in river waters. isotope composition of estuarial water from Ob River is δD =–131.4 and δ18O =–17.6‰. Estuarial waters of Yenisei River are characterized by compositions close to those of Ob River (–134.4 and–17.7‰), as well as by isotopically “heavier” compositions (–120.7 and–15.8‰). Waters from studied section of Kara Sea can be product of mixing of freshwater (δD =–119.4, δ18O =–15.5) and seawater (S = 34.9, δD = +1.56, δ18O = +0.25) with a composition close to that of Barents Sea water. isotope parameters of water vary significantly with salinity in surface layer, and Kara Sea waters are desalinated along entire studied transect due to river runoff. concentration of freshwater is 5–10% in main part of water column, and <5% at a depth of >100 m. maximum contribution of freshwater (>65%) was recorded in surface layer of central part of sea.  相似文献   

10.
1 IntroductionThe study of SAR remote sensing of surface wake of a semi-elliptical submerged body is of great importance actually in the ocean. The dynamics and the SAR remote sensing mechanism of this wake are very complicated. Numerous researches (Bergmann et al., 1958; Miles, 1968a,b; Huppert and Miles, 1969; Bon-neton et al., 1993) indicate that in the ocean the imagery and dynamics of this wake are quite different when a semi-elliptical submerged body moves horizontally at high speed …  相似文献   

11.
Temporal changes in δ15N values of sinking particles collected with sediment traps in the Benguela upwelling regime off southwest Africa mirrored variations in the input of inorganic nitrogen to the surface water. Reductions in δ15N (to as low as 2.5‰) corresponded to low sea surface temperatures during austral spring and late austral autumn/early winter, indicating increased nitrate availability due to the presence of recently upwelled water. High particulate fluxes accompanied the low δ15N values and sea surface temperatures, reflecting increased productivity, fueled by the upwelled nutrients. High δ15N values (up to 13.1‰) coincided with high sea surface temperatures and low particle fluxes. In this area, the seaward extension of upwelling filaments, which usually occurs twice yearly, brings nutrient-rich water to the euphotic zone and leads to elevated productivity and relatively lower δ15N values of the particulate nitrogen. Satellite images of ocean chlorophyll show that productivity variations coincide with δ15N changes. The observed isotopic pattern does not appear to have been caused by variations in the species composition of the phytoplankton assemblage. Calculations based on δ15N of the sinking particulate nitrogen show that the surface nitrate pool was more depleted during late austral summer/early fall and mid-winter and that supply exceeded demand during the intense spring bloom and in late austral fall. The main uncertainty associated with these estimates is the effect of diagenesis on δ15N and possible variability in preservation of the isotope signal between periods of high and low particle flux.  相似文献   

12.
 Bulk δ15N values in surface sediment samples off the southwestern coast of Africa were measured to investigate the biogeochemical processes occurring in the water column. Nitrate concentrations and the degree of utilization of the nitrate pool are the predominant controls on sedimentary δ15N in the Benguela Current region. Denitrification does not appear to have had an important effect on the δ15N signal of these sediments and, based on δ15N and δ13C, there is little terrestrial input. Received: 9 May 1996 / Revision received: 27 May 1997  相似文献   

13.
At Matienzo (Basque–Cantabrian Basin, northern Spain), a large stratabound HTD body (4 by 2 km2 and 80–400 m thick) delimited by two parallel sinistral strike-slip faults is exposed in Aptian carbonates. The margins of the HTD body are characterised by dolomite “tongues” indicating that some limestone beds were more prone to dolomitisation. However, no clear relationship between HTD occurrence and precursor limestone facies can be established. Massive limestone beds, as found at the top of the HTD body, act as barriers to hydrothermal processes, since no dolomite is present in or above these beds. Three types of dolomites have been differentiated, i.e. 1) matrix, 2) coarse crystalline and 3) zebra dolomite. The distribution of the dolomite types is attributed to ascending fluid flow and changing degree of dolomite oversaturation.The dolomite body was formed by two dolomitisation phases under burial conditions. No indications for a synsedimentary/early diagenetic dolomitisation have been observed. The first dolomitisation phase is characterized by ferroan dolomite and the second by non-ferroan dolomite. The two HTD phases are characterised by depleted δ18O-values (ranging between −10‰ and −16‰ V-PDB), δ13C-values similar to the Aptian–Albian marine signature and homogenisation temperatures of primary fluid inclusions between 120 °C and 150 °C. The dolomitising fluid was enriched in 87Sr compared to Aptian seawater, excluding the latter as an unmodified fluid source for dolomitisation. Microthermometry of primary fluid inclusions indicates that the dolomitising fluid evolved from a moderate saline (9.7 – 14.0 wt% NaCl) to a more saline (10.9 – 21.0 wt% NaCl) H2O–NaCl brine. The dolomitising fluid likely originated from evaporated seawater. Fluid circulation through the dolomitised strata is inferred to have taken place during the tectonically active period of the late Albian throughout which important sinistral-strike slip movements along basement faults occurred.  相似文献   

14.
The δ13C of ΣCO2 along with dissolved oxygen and nutrients in seawater collected near the Luzon Strait were analyzed to provide new data regarding water exchange between the South China Sea and the Pacific. Sampling covered the area 20–22°N and 118–120°E in April, June, and October 1995. Three stations were repeated during these cruises. In addition, sections along 119° and 120°E near the entrance of Luzon Strait were constructed. The depth profiles of δ13C from the nine stations presented in this study are similar to those reported from the open ocean. Correlation with chemical parameters (apparent oxygen utilization and phosphate) aids in the interpretation of the δ13C data. An apparent shift of δ13C profiles between cruises but at the same site was observed and was concluded to be related not to the seasonal change, but to the presence of different water masses exhibiting distinct θ-S relationships.  相似文献   

15.
Ten years of monthly observations of the δ15N of sinking particulate nitrogen (δ15N–PN (in ‰ versus atmospheric N2)=[(15N/14N)sample/(15N/14N)standard)−1]1000) in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, confirm that the basin's bottom sediments store information about nitrogen dynamics related to seasonal and interannual variability in regional surface ocean processes. During the upwelling period of the southern Caribbean Sea (February–April), the δ15N–PN is similar to that of the thermocline nitrate (∼3.5‰). This nitrate is imported into the Cariaco Basin with Subtropical Underwater (SUW), which wells up near the coast. Thus, particles generated by phytoplankton photosynthesis during this productive period bear a sub-tropical North Atlantic isotopic imprint of N2 fixation (low compared to the global average of nitrate δ15N≈5‰). During the non-upwelling period when surface waters are stratified (September–November), the δ15N–PN is also 3.5–4.0‰, and reflects a mixture of local N2 fixation within the mixed layer, inputs of terrigenous organic matter and SUW nitrate consumption by phytoplankton below the mixed layer, which most likely exerts the strongest control on the δ15N–PN signal during this time. In the transition periods of May–July and December–January, the δ15N–PN increases to 4.5–6.5‰. This coincides with maxima of continental material fluxes (terrestrial PON δ15N is >6‰) into the Cariaco Basin. The δ15N signal in the sediments of the Cariaco Basin thus provides information about the relative strength of the local coastal upwelling, the relative input of continental material via river runoff, and local N2 fixation. The findings contribute to interpretations of the basin's paleoclimatic nitrogen cycle variations based on observations of the sedimentary δ15N record at this location.  相似文献   

16.
Aims and Scope     
《中国海洋工程》2004,18(2):F003-F003
  相似文献   

17.
Aims and Scope     
《中国海洋工程》2005,19(4):F0003-F0003
China Ocean Engineering takes as its prime function the integration of new research concepts, equipment, technology, materials and structures and other scientific advances within the field of ocean engineering, with particular reference to developments in China. Tne Journal is concerned with all engineering aspects involved in the exploration and utilization of ocean resources, such as offshore engineering, coastal engineering, dive and salvage, utilization of marine energy, resourees and underwater engineering.  相似文献   

18.
Aims and Scope     
《中国海洋工程》2006,20(2):F0003-F0003
China Ocean Engineering takes as its prime function the integration of new research concepts,equipment,technology,materials and structures and other scientific advances within the field of ocean engineering,with particular reference to developments in Chi…  相似文献   

19.
Aims and Scope     
Being an intcrnational journal,China Ocean Engineering takes as its prime function the integration of new researchconcepts,equipment,technology,materials and structures and other scientific advances within the field of  相似文献   

20.
Aims and Scope     
正China Ocean Engineering takes as its prime function the integration of new research concepts, equipment, technology, materials and structures and other scientific advances within the field of ocean engineering, with particular reference to  相似文献   

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