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Summary. The magnitude and distribution of ground deformations around a tunnel are often monitored during construction and provide
key information about ground-support interaction and ground behavior. Thus it is important to determine the effects of different
parameters on ground deformations to accurately and effectively evaluate what contributes to ground and support behavior observed
during excavation. This paper investigates one such relation: the effects of seepage on radial deformations. A number of numerical
analyses have been conducted with the following assumptions: deep circular unsupported tunnel, elastic ground, isotropic far
field stresses, dry ground or saturated ground with steady-state water seepage. The analyses cover a wide range of tunnel
sizes, effective stresses, and pore pressures. Results from the numerical simulations confirm previous analytical solutions
for normalized radial deformations behind the face (i.e. on the tunnel side of the face) of a tunnel excavated in dry ground,
and have been used to propose a new analytical formulation for normalized radial displacements ahead and behind the tunnel
face for both dry and saturated ground with water flow. Water seepage substantially increases the magnitude and distribution
of the normalized radial deformations ahead of the face and at the tunnel face, but does not change much the displacement
distribution behind the tunnel face. 相似文献
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采用解析法研究穿越地表建筑物浅埋隧道开挖引起的地表沉降。由无建筑物时岩土体开挖引起的地表沉降公式及半无限平面在均布荷载下的相对沉陷,推导出了穿越地表建筑物浅埋隧道施工引起的地表沉降公式,并通过实例验证了此方法的可行性。采用上述方法研究了地表建筑物的重量及其与浅埋隧道位置关系对地表沉降的影响,研究结果表明：浅埋隧道开挖引起的地表沉降随建筑物重量的增大而增大;建筑物中心到隧道轴线的水平距离是对地表沉降的一个重要影响因素,超过一定范围时建筑物的存在对地表沉降的影响可以忽略不计。研究结果可为类似隧道工程提供一定参考。 相似文献
4.
在既有公路下进行浅埋隧道开挖会引起地层产生位移,导致地表沉降。为了保证施工安全,快速精确地计算地层位移及应力,有效地控制地表沉降,对浅埋隧道的设计与施工均十分重要。在镜像法原理的基础上,引入等效模量当层法,推导出了在有上覆不同材料下浅埋圆形隧道开挖引起地层位移、应力及地表沉降的解析分布规律。计算结果表明,既有路基下开挖隧道引起地层产生的位移和应力解析解能够很好地体现上层高弹性模量路基对沉降及应力的扩散作用,可以求得隧道开挖后洞周地层包括上覆路基及下卧层中任意位置处的位移、应力以及地表沉降,为在双层地基材料中开挖浅埋隧道引起地层位移及地表沉降的计算提供了一种新的解析方法。 相似文献
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An accurate estimate of the groundwater inflow to a tunnel is one of the most challenging but essential tasks in tunnel design and construction. Most of the numerical or analytical solutions that have been developed ignore tunnel seepage conditions, material properties and hydraulic-head changes along the tunnel route during the excavation process, leading to inaccurate prediction of inflow rates. A method is introduced that uses MODFLOW code of GMS software to predict inflow rate as the tunnel boring machine (TBM) gradually advances. In this method, the tunnel boundary condition is conceptualized and defined using Drain package, which is simulated by dividing the drilling process into a series of successive intervals based on the tunnel excavation rates. In addition, the drain elevations are specified as the respective tunnel elevations, and the conductance parameters are assigned to intervals, depending on the TBM type and the tunnel seepage condition. The Qomroud water conveyance tunnel, located in Lorestan province of Iran, is 36 km in length. Since the Qomroud tunnel involved groundwater inrush during excavating, it is considered as a good case study to evaluate the presented method. The groundwater inflow to this tunnel during the TBM advance is simulated using the proposed method and the predicted rates are compared with observed rates. The results show that the presented method can satisfactorily predict the inflow rates as the TBM advances. 相似文献
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《Computers and Geotechnics》2006,33(6-7):330-340
Artificial ground freezing is an effective ground improvement technique to deal with diverse geotechnical construction problems as it serves to cut off the water and also improves the ground soil strength. However, ground freezing may produce frost heave and thaw settlement at the ground surface. Predicting and controlling the frost heave is a challenge to engineering construction in a heavily populated city. This paper proposes an analysis model that couples the water freezing, temperature and stress fields. This model is first applied to an underground excavation problem of a corridor where ground freezing is used. The numerical predictions are compared with field measurements. It is then applied for a model tunnel problem to study the effect of the overlying soil thickness, frozen soil wall thickness, excavation radius and brine temperature on the frost heave. It is found that the vertical component of the frost heave follows a normal distribution with a maximum at the tunnel axis, while the horizontal component reaches a maximum at a distance from the tunnel axis. This distance is directly proportional to the thickness of the overlying soil. A critical brine temperature is also found at which the frost heave at the ground surface reaches a maximum. 相似文献
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在隧道施工前,应用数值模拟分析的方法,分析浅埋砂质黄土隧道施工力学效应和变形特征。根据浅埋砂质风积黄土隧道在施工过程中地表沉降量大和洞内施工安全风险大等特点,结合隧道实际监测数据,反演计算得到侵限段地质力学参数,为迈式管棚超前支护及径向迈式锚杆的全施工过程数值模拟提供计算依据,为控制隧道围岩变形提供数据支撑。计算结果显示,隧道侵限段地表最大沉降11.4 mm、最大拱顶下沉30.4 mm、最大水平收敛48.5 mm,隧道整体变形量减小,迈式管棚超前支护可以有效地提供纵向支撑,承受侵限土体压力、约束围岩变形和控制地表沉降,同时为支护侵限段钢拱架的安全拆换提供保障。研究结果表明:径向迈式锚杆、迈式管棚超前支护、环形支撑钢拱架和锁脚锚杆一起,构成了浅埋风积砂质黄土隧道主被动变形综合控制体系,有效地解决了浅埋风积砂质黄土隧道软弱围岩超前支护的难题。 相似文献
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Calculation of surface settlements caused by EPBM tunneling using artificial neural network, SVM, and Gaussian processes 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Increasing demand on infrastructures increases attention to shallow soft ground tunneling methods in urbanized areas. Especially in metro tunnel excavations, due to their large diameters, it is important to control the surface settlements observed before and after excavation, which may cause damage to surface structures. In order to solve this problem, earth pressure balance machines (EPBM) and slurry balance machines have been widely used throughout the world. There are numerous empirical, analytical, and numerical analysis methods that can be used to predict surface settlements. But substantially fewer approaches have been developed for artificial neural network-based prediction methods especially in EPBM tunneling. In this study, 18 different parameters have been collected by municipal authorities from field studies pertaining to EPBM operation factors, tunnel geometric properties, and ground properties. The data source has a preprocess phase for the selection of the most effective parameters for surface settlement prediction. This paper focuses on surface settlement prediction using three different methods: artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), and Gaussian processes (GP). The success of the study has decreased the error rate to 13, 12.8, and 9, respectively, which is relatively better than contemporary research. 相似文献
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With increased demand for the tunnel construction in rock–soil interface composite formations, the influence on surrounding environment especially the excavation face instability during construction and ground settlement in the long term has gained great attention. The researches about environmental disturbance by shield tunneling construction in single ground as the soil or rock conditions have been developed continuously. However, due to the complexity and uncertainty of the interaction between rock–soil interface composite formations and shield machines, works on these special conditions have not been carried out sufficiently. In this paper the theoretical, experimental and numerical researches on the excavation face stability and ground settlement are discussed while the in situ datum are used to support them. First, the typical projects in rock–soil interface composite formations are listed and the difficulties met are summarized. Second, the failure model of excavation face and support pressure from the tunneling shield in rock–soil interface composite formations are discussed. Then, a comprehensive survey of the factors of ground settlement during and after construction and some effective prediction models are made. Finally, the existing problems and directions for future research are introduced. 相似文献
10.
盾构施工引起的固结沉降分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盾构在低渗透性土层中开挖,常常伴随着地表下沉,究其原因为超孔隙水压力消散引起固结沉降的结果。为对盾构施工引起土体的固结沉降进行研究,首先,根据隧道施工前后土体应力的变化值,应用Henkel超孔隙水压力理论,推导了隧道开挖引起的初始超孔隙水压力的计算公式,并采用数值分析方法,考虑了由于土体的固结引起的沉降变形。研究成果应用到上海地铁2号线,根据具体的地质条件进行理论计算分析。结果表明,隧道开挖引起的初始超孔隙水压力最大值位于隧道起拱线处,地表固结沉降预测值与实测值吻合较好。 相似文献
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This study investigates the behavior of shield tunneling based on a complete case record of an excavation in sandy cobble ground. Both numerical and analytical analyses were conducted to estimate the surface displacement along the tunnel axis and the surface-zone affected by the shield tunneling. This paper presents the performance of the Peck method in forecasting the transversal surface settlement trough caused by the shield tunneling in a sandy cobble layer. In particular, this study has made a comparison with the vertical surface displacement monitored during the advancing excavation to the settlements estimated by using the Peck method and by conducting a three-dimensional finite element analysis. The effective measures to provide the necessary face support pressure and to reduce the formation of sinkholes and ground settlements in sandy cobble ground were also investigated and discussed. 相似文献
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以西安地铁6号线区间隧道浅埋暗挖施工穿越地裂缝场地为研究工程背景,考虑地裂缝场地的特殊性构建了基于传统CRD工法的施工优化工法,并对传统CRD工法和优化CRD工法施工开挖过程进行了三维动态的有限元数值模拟,结合现场监测试验数据,对比分析了两种工法下地裂缝场地地表沉降变形规律和地铁隧道受力变形特征。结果表明:两种CRD工法下地表沉降变形均呈反S型,大致可分为开挖前微小变形、开挖时急剧下沉变形及开挖后平稳变形等3个阶段;与掌子面距离越近,地面沉降速率越大;与传统CRD工法相比,优化CRD工法通过适当增加锁脚、锁腰锚杆数量,提高初支喷混强度,达到简化临时支护、扩大下台阶施工面、方便临时支护施作拆除和提升初支闭合、临时中隔壁拆除速度的目的,整体施工速度提升1.37倍,地表最大沉降量降低52.96%,影响范围减少22.17%,隧道拱顶最大沉降量降低54.53%;优化CRD工法具有施工速度快、影响范围小以及地表与结构沉降控制好等优点,不仅可以提高工程效益,而且可以保障施工安全性和隧道建成使用的可靠性。研究结果可为西安市及其他地裂缝发育区地裂缝场地地铁隧道暗挖施工提供科学参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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顶管施工中土体损失引起的沉降预测 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
顶管施工过程中不可避免地会产生土体损失,进而引起地面沉降。对前人工作进行总结,提出一个可以计算土体中任一点沉降的通用经验公式。假定土体不排水,考虑土体泊松比以及采用椭圆形非等量径向土体移动模式,对Sagaseta公式进行了修正。算例分析表明,在开挖面后方较远处,修正Sagaseta公式与Peck公式和Loganathan公式的计算结果较吻合。修正Sagaseta公式与累积概率曲线的变形规律一致,开挖面上方地面沉降量都为最大地面沉降量的一半,但累积概率曲线的影响范围小、收敛速度快;该方法也适用于盾构法施工。 相似文献
14.
Chenyang Zhao Arash Alimardani Lavasan Thomas Barciaga Tom Schanz 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(4):781-800
This study investigates the ground movements due to mechanized tunnel excavation by applying two-dimensional finite element analyses. To assess the contribution of the compressibility and plasticity of the soil on the ground movements, different constitutive models are employed to describe the soil behavior. The influence of volume loss around the tunnel on the surface volume loss is investigated, and a quadratic correlation between them is proposed. Consequently, the empirical Gaussian distribution curve, which is generally used to determine the tunneling induced settlement trough, is improved by applying the proposed quadratic correlation between surface volume loss and tunnel volume loss. Furthermore, the settlement trough width parameter has been derived by a linear function of tunnel volume loss as well. The proposed equations are validated via a case study of centrifuge tests from the literature. The results show that the proposed modification enhances the empirical solution by having better knowledge on the model parameters. Additionally, tunnel overburden and coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (K0) are taken into account to study their influence on the tunneling induced surface settlements. Finally, global sensitivity analysis is applied to evaluate the relative importance of corresponding model parameters in terms of their influence on the ground movements. 相似文献
15.
FLAC3D在青岛地铁渗流场中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
首先,基于考虑衬砌和注浆圈的解析解,利用MATLAB软件编制了计算与自动绘图程序,研究水头、隧道半径、围岩渗透特性与衬砌渗透系数和隧道涌水量、外水压力的相互关系;其次,基于FLAC3D软件平台,通过数值解与理论解的对比,验证了数值模拟方法在隧道渗流场中应用的正确性。在此基础上,结合青岛地铁典型区间隧道,分析了隧道开挖阶段以及运营期的渗流场,并研究了在不同注浆圈厚度以及注浆圈渗透系数下隧道注浆圈的涌水量和外水压力。结果表明,在隧道周围施作注浆圈的方法来减少隧道的涌水量是可行的。注浆圈厚度越大,其渗透系数越小,隧道涌水量就越小,而外水压力变化规律与涌水量恰恰相反。研究成果为地铁隧道衬砌的设计和注浆圈范围的初步确定提供了参考依据。 相似文献
16.
目前针对小半径曲线隧道开挖诱发地层沉降的理论研究均将盾构机视为一个连续的整体,未考虑盾构机铰接装置带来的影响,由此不能正确评估小曲率盾构开挖路径变化带来的超挖效应等。首先,根据盾构机铰接位置以及盾构机与小曲率隧道开挖路径的几何位置关系,得到了小曲率隧道开挖过程中不同盾构铰接位置超挖量及盾构铰接角计算公式;其次,基于镜像法及Mindlin解,求解了铰接盾构施工时因超挖地层损失、盾尾地层损失、开挖面不均匀推力、盾壳不均匀摩擦力及盾尾处注浆压力等共同影响的地层沉降;最后,采用工程监测数据与理论解进行对比验证,得到较好的一致性。此外,针对隧道转弯半径、前盾长度、盾构铰接角及超挖量等进行了参数分析。分析结果表明：不考虑盾构铰接装置的影响将过高估计地层损失而导致地层沉降预测值偏大。随着转弯半径的减小,前盾长度、盾构铰接角及超挖量的增加,地层沉降增大,但其值变化均对开挖面前方沉降影响较小,对开挖面后方沉降影响较大。在开挖面后方,随着与开挖面距离的增大,当转弯半径取值较小,前盾长度、盾构铰接角及超挖量取值较大时,纵向地表沉降呈先增大后减小趋势。 相似文献
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采用浅埋暗挖法施工的城市地铁车站,开挖将不可避免地扰动土层引起地表沉降,从而对周围建构筑物的安全造成危害。由于地铁车站洞室的断面较大,大多采用分步开挖的方式施工,采用变位分配的方法通过预测每一步施工造成的地表沉降将最终的地表沉降分解到各个施工步序中,从而建立起各个阶段的地表沉降控制标准。这样,就可以通过加强对各个阶段的地表沉降的控制来实现对地表沉降进行整体控制的目的。而通过地质勘测所得的参数往往不能满足变位分配所依赖的数值模拟的要求,因此,反分析作为一种有效地补充手段来获得适合岩土工程数值模拟的力学参数。详细介绍了位移正反分析的特点、模型的建立条件和分析步骤,并通过工程实例验证了位移正反分析在预测地表沉降,从而提出变位分配控制标准的可行性。 相似文献
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坑角效应是基坑空间效应的重要体现形式之一,但目前对带多阳角深基坑的坑角效应还缺乏具体且深入的研究。以海南滨海软土地区两垂直相交的综合管廊狭长深基坑工程为依托,利用Plaxis 3D建立了两种典型施工模式下带多阳角的综合管廊交叉节点深基坑开挖的三维数值模型,对由开挖引起的地表沉降、支护结构变形以及支撑轴力等开展了细致的对比分析,并着重探讨了坑角效应对其分布形态的影响。计算结果表明:在两种典型施工模式下,综合管廊狭长深基坑的地表最大沉降变化区间约为0.11%He~0.67%He,且支护结构的最大侧向变形与开挖深度之间的上下限值分别为0.25% He、1.35%He。整体而言,在完全对称的施工模式Ⅱ下,基坑周围土体的地表最大沉降和支护结构的侧向变形均低于施工模式Ⅰ的计算结果;但在施工模式Ⅱ下,基坑开挖过程中在阳角的两个临空面方向均表现为显著的坑角效应,而在施工模式Ⅰ下,仅在阳角形成之后的单一方向上表现为明显的坑角效应。坑角效应的影响范围约为2倍的开挖深度,在坑角效应的影响范围内,基坑周围土体的地表沉降、支护结构的侧向变形以及支撑轴力均较坑角效应影响范围以外的计算结果显著降低。研究认为,若在带多阳角的综合管廊交叉节点处的深基坑设计中合理考虑坑角效应的影响范围及其发挥程度,可在一定程度上降低工程成本。 相似文献
19.
明挖法是隧道施工中常用的一种方法,但其降水和开挖施工不可避免地会引起周围地面沉降。为了防止隧道施工对周围环境及建筑物产生严重的不良影响,地面沉降控制是检验施工支护设计合理性的关键。隧道施工造成地面沉降的主要原因有降水、开挖和支护作业,以往研究大多集中于单一因素的影响分析,为使分析结果更接近于工程实际,需将三者综合考虑,从全过程的角度进行三维模拟计算。为此,结合无锡市某湖底隧道建设,利用ABAQUS 有限元分析软件建立了三维模型,选取具有不同开挖围护结构方案的两个代表性区段,对隧道降水和开挖施工引起周围土体的位移和地面沉降进行模拟研究,模拟中考虑了止水帷幕、挡土墙和桩基础的施工,降水施工,以及开挖和支撑施工等,模拟结果与现场实测数据进行了对比验证,模拟结果表明：（1）随着与基坑距离的增加,土体从隆起逐渐转变为沉降继而再逐渐减小,开挖施工和降水施工对最终地面沉降量的占比分别为30%~40% 和60%~70%;（2）采用钻孔灌注桩围护的直立开挖段产生的地面沉降要大于同样深度的放坡开挖段;（3）桩基础有助于控制地面沉降。 相似文献
20.
随着国内各城市地下道路建设的不断发展,地下开挖引起周围结构损坏甚至塌陷的事故时有发生,因此,合理地预测地表沉降对于保护地面建（构）筑物具有重要意义。将地表沉降速度系数与三维镜像法相结合,建立了考虑时间效应的隧道地表沉降计算方法,并以深圳某地铁区间隧道为例,通过与现场监测数据进行对比分析,验证了该方法的合理性,并利用该方法进一步分析了隧道停止施工时地表横、纵向沉降随时间的变化规律,通过参数分析明确了地表沉降量与地表沉降速度的时间效应。研究结果表明：地表沉降量与地表纵向沉降最大斜率随停工时间的增加逐渐增大并最终趋于稳定;地表最大沉降速度随开挖速度与沉降速度系数的增大呈对数型函数增长,但地表最终沉降量受二者的影响较小;地表最终沉降量和地表最大沉降速度随地层损失量的增大而线性增大;地表最大沉降速度出现的时间与地层损失的大小无关。 相似文献