共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
Summary This paper argues that the study of crime and the fear of crime in rural areas reveals much about the geography of crime, policing and rural society. Drawing upon a crime and safety survey conducted with residents of a rural parish in Worcestershire it establishes a link between fear of crime and 'cultural threats' to residents' dominant constructions of rurality. It concludes by considering the 1998 Crime and Disorder Act and its implications for rural policing and society. 相似文献
2.
The human impact on the natural systems of Malaysia has proceeded apace in recent decades. Rapid rural development at the expense of the rainforest, selective logging of hardwoods, processing of agricultural products and urbanization are among the processes that account for environmental change. The federal government has responded to the widening circle of environmental problems by introducing new legislation, creating a Department of Environment, including environmental considerations in certain of its national development plans and adopting certain kinds of stances in environmental disputes. Following a discussion of these responses, it is argued that the government has given insufficient attention to the relations between environmental change on the one hand and population growth and poverty, pace and scale of rural development, role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), indigenous knowledge systems and institutional arrangements on the other. It is concluded that the federal government should cooperate with NGOs, consider adopting a new fiscal relationship with the states and, in certain cases, place greater reliance on its constitutional powers. 相似文献
3.
人口老龄化对乡村发展影响研究进展与展望 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
人口老龄化是人类发展进程中一个重要的人口现象,研究人口老龄化对乡村发展的影响并探讨相应对策具有重要意义。本文首先分析了乡村人口老龄化特征及原因,随后从生产、生活、生态三个视角梳理了人口老龄化对乡村生产要素投入、农业生产、社会保障、乡村治理、消费结构、土地利用变化和生态空间等方面影响的研究进展。在此基础上提出今后应结合产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕的乡村振兴战略总体要求,从生态环境—经济发展—社会发展三个维度开展乡村人口老龄化的影响与适应相关研究,重点研究方向有：①基于人口流动视角的乡村人口老龄化对生态系统服务价值的影响;②乡村人口老龄化空间差异及其对农业现代化的影响;③应对人口老龄化的乡村振兴路径。 相似文献
4.
Stephen McKenzie 《New Zealand geographer》2004,60(1):18-24
On 1 October 1991 the Resource Management Act 1991 came into force. The enactment of this legislation was supposed to herald the start of a brave new world in environmental governance in New Zealand. Since that time the Act has never been far from controversy in the popular press and in the academic literature. The paper briefly reviews the debates in the academic literature about the Act and argues that the debates could benefit from a theoretically informed analysis of the impact of the Act on specific environmental initiatives. This paper draws on the Lake Taupo Water Quality Project to illustrate how this type of analysis may uncover practical, relevant and interesting insights for law reform, policy making and practice hidden by conventional discourses on the Act. 相似文献
5.
随着数字技术逐渐深入到乡村生产生活的各个方面,乡村社会关系及空间意义发生重构。信息化冲击下的乡村空间转变不仅体现在物质方面,其社会文化空间意义及人地关系地域系统的重构在内生逻辑上重塑乡村话语权力和主体身份。论文通过探讨数字技术与乡村发展的多维关系及其对乡村产生的多重效应,关注数字技术带来的自由与异化、数字经济引发的话语与权力流变及乡村女性主体地位和身份的重构,解释了数字技术作为非人类行动者的主体性及其建构下的乡村日常经济生活和社会关系,拟为乡村性的分析框架提供有益的补充,为数字乡村建设和乡村振兴提供新的理论借鉴。 相似文献
6.
随着中国乡村旅游产业迅速发展,乡村旅游投资加快增长,给乡村地域人地关系和空间格局带来了深刻变革。本研究从“人-地-业”协同视角,在认识乡村旅游投资内涵及其“主体-要素-对象”体系基础上,剖析乡村旅游投资空间作用的“投资-产业-空间”传导过程,理论化构建乡村旅游地空间结构演化的二阶梯级模式,探索性揭示乡村旅游投资目的地空间作用过程与机制。乡村旅游投资空间作用是目的地“人-地-业”系统环境影响投资主体区位选择与决策,引起产业投资要素流动和投资对象布局变化,造成当地产业发展空间不均衡、人地关系地域系统和“三生”功能格局演化的结果。以期,研究发现从微观尺度深化旅游投资与旅游地空间作用理论,拓展乡村旅游地空间演化理论内涵,为指导乡村旅游高质量发展和乡村旅游地高水平建设与更好推进乡村振兴提供理论借鉴。 相似文献
7.
Foundation item: The Project entitled "A Feasibility Study to Strengthen Participatory Planning Capacity by MIGIS" supported by Asian Development Assistance Facility (ADAF), Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. New ZealandAlthough the govenunent has paid great attenhon to the environmental improvement by means of policyand inVestment the environmental condihon is aill getting worse in C~ The current environmentalsitUation is chalacterized by serious POlluhoft expanded land degra… 相似文献
8.
韧性理论视角下乡村聚落研究启示 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
伴随着城镇化的快速推进,乡村发展的脆弱性和不稳定性不断增强,在国家乡村振兴和城乡融合政策导向背景下,乡村聚落逐渐呈现出多元分化的转型态势。探索不同类型乡村聚落如何应对内外部环境的扰动,揭示其转型的多元路径是现代乡村地理学亟需关注的重要课题。韧性理论为乡村聚落地理学研究提供新视角,对于探究乡村地域系统如何抵御和化解内外部扰动,提升可持续性发展能力有着重要意义。在阐述韧性概念、理论基础上,提出从韧性理论视角探讨乡村聚落多功能转型,开展乡村聚落韧性的系统性研究,并从韧性的尺度关联以及相互作用机制分析乡村聚落韧性的测度,围绕韧性视角下乡村聚落的适应性转型及内在机制,为乡村发展寻求与扰动冲击相耦合的适应性转型路径,为乡村可持续发展提供理论指导和治理依据,丰富乡村地理学理论研究。 相似文献
9.
我国乡镇企业经过改革开放30多年来的发展已经到了一个重要转折期,当前我国乡镇企业用地中存在的效率低下、布局分散等问题,影响到乡镇企业的健康发展和农村土地利用秩序,只有适时调整和坚持正确的乡镇企业用地管理对策方向,才能有利于乡镇企业的健康可持续发展。通过实地调查与统计分析研究,提出了适应我国农村经济转型发展的乡镇企业用地管理的3个对策方向:(1)加强对乡镇企业用地布局的空间管制;(2)引入市场机制来促进企业用地的集约化;(3)建立城乡土地统一管理体制。 相似文献
10.
Brian H King 《Area》2005,37(1):64-72
South Africa's democratic transition has had a significant impact upon localized governance systems in mediating development opportunities within the former apartheid homelands. This paper uses a case study from the former KaNgwane homeland to evaluate the role of the Matsamo Tribal Authority in shaping livelihoods and access to environmental resources. It is argued that although the colonial and apartheid empowerment of the tribal authorities continues to have symbolic and material meaning for rural populations, newly created democratic structures are challenging traditional governance systems in the post-apartheid era. The intersection between these contrasting, and historically situated, systems suggests a dynamic renegotiation is occurring that will continue to impact rural households within the former places of apartheid. 相似文献
11.
The exact role of the transport sector in the development process is still a subject of controversy. Most studies have involved a narrow cost-benefit analysis done on the basis of road usage. However, a better understanding of the complex forces engendered by the introduction of roads into an area, or their improvement, can only be found on both macro- and micro-analytical levels.This study examines the effect of road improvement on its immediate locality. It focuses specifically on the short-term impact of road relocation within the rural area in relation to the following questions: what happens when a trunk road is opened through a hitherto isolated rural area? What happens when there is a permanent diversion of traffic on a transport route, especially with reference to human settlements, socioeconomic activities and community welfare?The study reveals that a locational change of transport route immediately created two distinct zones. The first was a zone of decaying or contracting opportunities along the old route, and then a zone of expanding opportunities along the new route. The implication of this is that the benefits of improved transport routes on the immediate locality may not necessarily be beneficial to all residents. 相似文献
12.
Climate variability and rural livelihoods: assessing the impact of seasonal climate forecasts in Lesotho 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Climate variability acutely affects rural livelihoods and agricultural productivity, yet it is just one of many stresses that vulnerable rural households have to cope with. A livelihood approach is used to assess the potential role that seasonal climate forecasts might play in increasing adaptive capacity in response to climate variability, using Lesotho as a case study. An examination of the assets and strategies that rural households employ enables a holistic assessment of the impact seasonal forecasts could have on rural livelihoods. This research thereby bridges macro-level variability with local-level impacts and adaptation to provide insight into the dynamics of forecast use and impact among vulnerable groups. 相似文献
13.
David Gregory 《New Zealand geographer》2008,64(2):144-153
Abstract: In this paper the proposed New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement is set within the context of its Resource Management Act legislative framework and in terms of the evolution of the fundamental influence of policy statements on coastal management in New Zealand. This discussion is coupled with an examination of the development of strong policy directions in the proposed statement and the potential impact of giving effect to these policies on the regional and unitary authorities tasked with this responsibility. 相似文献
14.
乡村重构与转型：西方经验及启示 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
20世纪80年代以来,乡村重构与转型成为西方国家乡村地理学研究的重要前沿课题。在揭示西方国家乡村重构过程、梳理转型特征、探析驱动因素的基础上,聚焦于乡村发展的系统总结及其提供的经验借鉴与启示。西方国家乡村重构经历了从“资本、土地、产权”主导的经济维度重构到“话语、他者、建构”主导的社会维度重构、再到“主体、文化、网络”主导的综合维度重构阶段;乡村转型特征可凝聚为生产性乡村-消费性乡村-多功能乡村-全球化乡村的逻辑主线;后工业化、逆城市化、全球化是推动西方国家乡村重构与转型的主要因素。中国乡村发展具有迥异于西方国家的背景和特征,但相关经验及认识仍然能够为理解中国乡村实践发展、推动相关理论建设提供启示,并从“要素/重构/过程”-“功能/转型/结果”视角对当代中国乡村重构与转型进行了系统思考。 相似文献
15.
大城市郊区村域土地利用功能演变及其对乡村振兴的启示——以成都市江家堰村为例 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
村域是我国农村社会经济活动的基本单元,村域土地利用功能的合理发挥对于实现乡村振兴多元目标具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文首先对村域土地利用功能变化及影响机制进行了理论探究,然后以成都市郊区江家堰村为例,定量揭示了其发展转型过程中的土地利用功能变化、影响机制,提出了土地多功能利用助推乡村振兴途径。结果表明：① 土地利用功能因土地利用类型和土地利用方式变更发生变化,并受自然资源禀赋、社会经济条件、区域政策等间接影响,不同类型乡村其土地利用功能变化趋势往往不同;② 江家堰村经历了乡村旅游发展阶段、土地综合整治和生态建设阶段,其土地利用功能变化主要表现为生产功能转化为生产-生态复合功能,生活功能转化为生产-生活复合功能,土地利用功能呈现多元化和复合化特征;③ 大城市郊区乡村土地利用功能变化受自然因素、区位条件、产业转型、区域政策及土地利用主体等因素的综合影响。乡村振兴过程中,应充分发挥土地利用的多功能属性,促进乡村价值提升。 相似文献
16.
农村的小城镇建设和农业的产业化发展,是我国农村经济两大发展方向。小城镇是农村中农业经济要素最活跃的场所它的发展必然会影响农业产业化的进程。文章通过分析辽宁省小城镇建设的现状和农业产业化发展的特点,剖析了城镇化进程对农业产业化的影响,并研究在农村应当着重发展乡镇企业和专业化经营市场,以此带动农村经济全面发展的战略。 相似文献
17.
基于乡村弹性的乡村振兴理论认知与路径研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
在人类社会发展转型过程中出现的乡村衰退问题已成为全球性趋势,亟需实施乡村振兴。科学、系统把握乡村地域系统的演化规律,深入揭示乡村系统与外界发展环境的交互作用模式,提升乡村自身抵御、适应外界环境变化的弹性,是实现乡村振兴与可持续发展的必由之路。本文从乡村弹性视角理论解析了乡村地域系统演化与乡村振兴。研究发现：① 乡村弹性包含乡村系统对外界扰动冲击的抵御能力、适应能力与实现全新发展的转型能力。② 乡村演化分异是乡村地域系统与外界发展主导因素交互作用的结果。在此过程中,乡村弹性决定着不同发展阶段乡村地域系统的演化方式和结果。③ 打造多功能乡村、实施乡村整治工程、培育乡村社会资本对构建弹性乡村起着重要的推动作用。文章强调应科学识别乡村地域系统,差异化制定培育与提升乡村弹性的实施方案,实现乡村系统功能、结构及运行达到均衡状态。 相似文献
18.
随着乡村振兴战略的深入实施,中国乡村进入优先发展的关键阶段。科学认知乡村优先发展导向下的城乡要素配置规律与保障途径,对于落实农业农村优先发展具有重要参考意义。立足人地关系地域系统理论及“要素-结构-功能”的发展逻辑,解析乡村优先发展导向下城乡关系与要素优先保障的科学内涵,梳理中国城乡关系与要素流动的演变特征,进而从要素整合、空间融合和机制协同3个层面构建乡村要素优先保障的调控框架。结果表明：乡村优先发展是立足乡村要素、优化乡村结构、实现乡村功能的演变过程;中国城乡关系经历了城市优先发展、城乡协调发展到城乡融合发展阶段,乡村要素配置总体上呈现可流动要素类型少、要素流出难、要素流入难、要素留下更难的“一少三难”状态;在当前阶段,亟需通过扩大乡村可流动要素类型、增强要素流动权能、补齐基础设施短板,以及疏解乡村流入城市的要素存量、扩大要素流入乡村的渠道和扩展城乡“灰色空间”等多种途径,以实现“乡村富余要素流得出、城市要素流得进、稀缺要素留得下”的乡村要素优先配置目标,确保农业农村优先发展。 相似文献
19.
Population mobility and the survival of small farming in the Rio Grande Valley, Jamaica 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The relationship between population mobility and farming is complex and has been the focus of numerous studies. Despite differing perspectives on the subject, there is an increasing realization that migration sustains farming in many rural communities, but with contradictory effects. Notwithstanding this conclusion, there is a paucity of village level studies that explain the precise ways in which migration in its various forms affects the survival of small farms. This paper reports on the results of a village level study of migration and small farming in the Rio Grande Valley of Jamaica. Apart from highlighting the various ways in which migration affects small farming at the local level, the study confirms the contradictory impact of migration on small farming in this remote agricultural community. It is noted, however, that the net effect is positive and the capital and labour resources, which are made available as a result of migration, play pivotal roles in the survival of small-scale farming as an economic activity in the area. 相似文献
20.
Song Haokun 《云南地理环境研究》1999,(Z1)
１ ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｍｏｓｔｆａｒ－ｒｅａｃｈｉｎｇｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｒｅｆｏｒｍｔｏｄａｔｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａｗａｓｕｎｄｅｒｔａｋｅｎｉｎｔｈｅｔｗｅｎ－ｔｙｙｅａｒｓ１９７８～１９９８,ａｎｄｔｈｉｓｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｓｓｔｉｌｌｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｉｎｇ．Ｉｔｉｎｉｔｉａｌｌｙｓｔａｒｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅａｇｒｉｃｕｌ－ｔｕｒａｌｓｅｃｔｏｒａｔｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆｔｈｅ１９７０ｓ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｒａｄｉｃａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓｈａｖｅａｆ－ｆｅｃｔｅｄａｌ… 相似文献