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非重复采集时移地震正演模拟及可行性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文主要研究前期为常规三维地震勘探和后期为高精度三维地震勘探的这种典型非重复采集时移地震的可行性,主要使用正演模拟和匹配处理相结合的方法进行.本文推导了基于PML边界的三维声波波动方程时空域高阶有限差分正演方程,根据岩石物理流体替代分析方法计算得到时移前后储层的弹性参数,建立了时移地震地球物理模型,设计了常规三维和高精度三维观测系统,进行地震正演模拟,获得了非重复采集时移地震理论模拟数据.利用匹配处理法对非重复采集时移地震正演模拟数据和实际资料进行可行性分析,匹配处理过程主要包括初始数据匹配、一致性处理和互均化处理等.理论模拟数据和实际资料的匹配处理结果表明,通过针对性的分析和处理,利用非重复采集的地震资料进行时移地震研究是可行的,能够得到较好的时移地震响应,在一定程度上反映了油藏的变化情况. 相似文献
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时移地震勘探作为储层动态监测的有效手段,对获取地下介质的弹性或物性参数变化起到了至关重要的作用.由于多期地震勘探之间介质的传播速度存在差异,同时环境条件、采集方式及处理手段等方面的不同,都会使地震记录产生走时差异.而这种走时差异对时移地震反演存在着严重的影响,尤其是基于波动方程的反演方法.为了消除时移差异,我们引入动态时间规整(DTW)方法实现角道集优化匹配,以获取地震记录的有效变化信息.此外,本文提出根据散射理论,通过弹性波动方程进行时移地震差异反演,得到地层的差异弹性参数,实现储层差异定量表征.该方法采用WKBJ近似模拟非均匀背景,具有更高的反演精度,尤其是在复杂地质构造条件下优势更加明显.本文对所提出的方法进行了数值模拟实验与实际数据应用,证明该方法得到的反演结果优于传统方法,可以实现对地层时移差异的准确刻画. 相似文献
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《中国科学D辑》2008,(Z1)
时移地震属性表征油藏参数动态变化机理研究是有效区分不同油藏参数变化,进行时移地震解释的理论基础,是时移地震实际应用的关键环节.从疏松砂岩油藏岩石物理研究出发,计算得到含油饱和度和有效压力变化引起纵、横波速度变化的明显差异.并以此为基础,通过解耦后的地震波动方程模型模拟,分析证明不同偏移距地震振幅对含油饱和度变化响应规律存在差异,分析得到油藏有效压力和含油饱和度变化时P-P反射波和P-S转换波叠前地震属性差异特征,对比分析了油藏有效压力和含油饱和度变化时的P-P反射波和P-S转换波AVO(Amplitude Versus Of fset,振幅随偏移距变化)属性变化规律和差异特征.理论模型研究结果证明了利用叠前时移地震信息(叠前地震属性和地震AVO信息)区分不同油藏参数动态变化的可行性和在有效提高时移地震资料解释精度方面的潜力.同时,研究也表明针对目标油田深入理解油藏参数变化的时移地震响应机理对制定有效的时移地震资料处理和解释方案十分重要. 相似文献
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时移地震储藏监测是一种提高油气采收率的有效技术,但该技术应用需要满足一定的储藏条件,因此时移地震的可行性研究非常有必要.天然气水合物的开采过程,主要是通过有关措施(加温、降压、注入化学材料等)使沉积物中的固态水合物变成气体开采出来,这将改变水合物储层的物理性质和地震反射特性,原理上为进行时移地震监测提供了条件.本文通过数值模拟分析发现:扩散型水合物藏在开采过程中有明显的地震信号变化,可以用时移地震对这类水合物藏的开采进行监测;渗漏型水合物藏的时移地震监测是否可行与其所含气体含量大小有关,气体含量低的可以用时移地震进行检测,气体含量高的是否能用时移地震进行检测要视具体情况而定. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2020,(4)
时移地震是监测CO_2强化驱油(CO_2-EOR)效果及CO_2在地下封存范围的有效手段,但常规地震属性还不能很好地识别油藏注入CO_2后储层及流体特征变化.为补充常规地震属性的不足,本文引入基于灰度共生矩阵理论的地震纹理属性分析技术,将其应用在胜利油田G89区CO_2-EOR及地质封存的时移三维地震数据中,计算时移地震体的纹理属性,比较、优选、做差,从而识别CO_2注入后在地下的运聚通道、运移方向及分布范围.时移三维地震纹理属性对比的关键,在于两次纹理计算参数的选择和结果的一致性处理,本文使用相同的纹理计算参数计算两次地震盖层、储层纹理属性,并采用使两次三维地震资料盖层纹理特征差异最小的方法,得到校正因子,用该校正因子对储层纹理属性进行处理,根据储层校正结果分析CO_2的运移和分布.结果表明,经过盖层一致性处理的储层地震纹理属性,背景干扰信息少,断层与背景信息对比度高,主断层刻画更为清晰,分辨率高,明显增强了储层平面特征的可视性,得到了清晰的CO_2运聚通道、波及范围及分布情况.注入CO_2后,工区内大部分井出现增产或稳产现象,距注入井远距离的生产井产量快速增加,这些特征与属性分析结果相吻合. 相似文献
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针对时移地震差异数据,给出了一种基于贝叶斯理论的AVO波形反演方法.该方法可以利用时移地震差异数据同时反演出纵波阻抗、横波阻抗和密度的变化.利用时移地震资料进行反演,由于采集和处理过程中存在一定的差异,不同年份地震资料在非注采过程影响区域也会存在一定的变化,而该变化会导致反演结果在非注采区域有较大的变化.针对这一问题,本文采用贝叶斯理论框架,将待求的纵横波阻抗、密度变化的先验信息和包含在地震数据中的信息结合起来,对于纵横波阻抗和密度变化,假设其服从Gauss分布,并以时移地震分别反演的结果作为其期望,同时,为了更好地表征储层属性变化,提高分辨率和抑制非注采区域弹性参数的变化,假设弹性参数变化的导数服从改进的Cauchy分布.数值模拟试验和实际资料处理结果皆表明,本文提出的反演方法能够有效地抑制假象,突出储层性质的变化,得到高分辨率的弹性参数变化信息,为研究储层属性的变化和优化开采方案提供更多的有效的信息. 相似文献
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我国具有丰富的稠油资源,但国内外针对陆相薄互层稠油油藏热采动态的时移地震监测研究还很少.通过分析火烧油层对储层的影响,结合已有的岩石物理测量结果,建立了薄互层油藏火烧油层模型,开展了地震正演模拟研究,并给出了应用实例.结果表明,稠油热采(注蒸汽、火烧油层、注热水)会引起储层岩石和孔隙流体弹性特性的显著改变,从而导致明显的地震属性差异;时移地震可以用来划分油层中高温区范围,跟踪高温前缘等.在陆相薄互层稠油田热采开发中,利用时移地震来监测油田开发的全过程是可行的. 相似文献
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天然气在开发过程中,储层有效压力和含气饱和度均会发生变化,研究有效压力和含气饱和度的变化对地震响应特征的影响,在基于时移地震的剩余气分布预测研究中具有重要意义。天然气和石油的声学性质有着明显的差异,油藏时移地震的研究成果不能直接应用于气藏,因此需要开展气藏的时移地震研究。利用Shapiro模型表征干岩石弹性模量随有效压力的变化,借助Batzle-Wang方程描述流体速度随压力的变化关系,联合Gassmann理论进行流体替代,表征饱和流体岩石速度随含气饱和度的变化,建立了饱和流体岩石速度随有效压力和饱和度变化的岩石物理模型。基于该模型,对不同含气饱和度和不同有效压力下的气藏储层模型进行了多波时移地震叠前振幅变化（AVO）模拟。结果表明多波时移地震AVO技术可以有效地区分有效压力变化和含气饱和度变化,为进一步开展气藏多波时移地震流体监测提供了理论参考依据。 相似文献
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Direct correlation of 4D seismic with well activity for a clarified dynamic reservoir interpretation
A method to provide an improved time‐lapse seismic attribute for dynamic interpretation is presented. This is based on the causal link between the time‐lapse seismic response and well production activity taken over time. The resultant image is obtained by computing correlation coefficients between sequences of time‐lapse seismic changes extracted over different time intervals from multiply repeated seismic and identical time sequences of cumulative fluid volumes produced or injected from the wells. Maps of these cross‐correlations show localized, spatially contiguous signals surrounding individual wells or a specific well group. These may be associated with connected regions around the selected well or well group. Application firstly to a synthetic data set reveals that hydraulic compartments may be delineated using this method. A second application to a field data set provides empirical evidence that a connected well‐centric fault block and active geobody can be detected. It is concluded that uniting well data and time‐lapse seismic using our proposed method delivers a new attribute for dynamic interpretation and potential updating of the model for the producing reservoir. 相似文献
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Sea‐bed diffractions are frequently observed for several of the fields in the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea. This is a challenge in time lapse seismic analysis, since diffracted multiples are difficult to remove by processing and therefore is a major source of poor time lapse data quality. In this work we test if the diffractions can be used for enhanced 4D interpretation. By analysing the time‐shift of the sea‐bed diffraction hyperbola between the base and monitor it is tested if changes in water velocity and tides can be estimated. Two models using time lapse diffraction analysis are tested: the first one simply adds time‐shifts for the two branches of the diffraction hyperbola and this average time‐shift is then used to estimate the water velocity change. The other method uses an inversion method based on the diffraction equation for a point diffractor to estimate the velocity change. In‐line common‐midpoint shifts are estimated by subtracting the time‐shifts of both hyperbola branches followed by direct inversion. The diffraction based time‐shifts are compared to time‐shifts estimated by standard cross‐correlation of the sea‐bed reflection. The averaging method gives slightly higher uncertainties, while the inversion using an exact traveltime equation gives similar uncertainties compared to the sea‐bed reflection method. 相似文献
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本文针对时间推移地震本身包含不同时期的两次或者两次以上的勘探反问题,构造了一种快速有效的反演方法--多尺度全变分法.通过引入全变分正则化来代替传统的Tikhonov正则化,针对待反演参数不连续的情况,提高了算法精度.为了提高计算效率,引入了多尺度方法,从而构造了多尺度全变分方法.在数值模拟中,针对一个时间推移地震反演问题对多尺度-Tikhonov正则化法、单一尺度全变分法、以及本文所构造的多尺度全变分法进行了比较.结果表明,本文所提出的多尺度全变分法是一种稳定、快速和精确的反演方法. 相似文献
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《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)
Study on characterizing reservoir parameters dynamic variations by time-lapse seismic attributes is the theoretical basis for effectively distinguishing reservoir parameters variations and conducting time-lapse seismic interpretation,and it is also a key step for time-lapse seismic application in real oil fields. Based on the rock physical model of unconsolidated sandstone,the different effects of oil saturation and effective pressure variations on seismic P-wave and S-wave velocities are calculated and analyzed. Using numerical simulation on decoupled wave equations,the responses of seismic amplitude with different offsets to reservoir oil saturation variations are analyzed,pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes differences for oil saturation and effective pressure variations of P-P wave and P-S converted wave are calculated,and time-lapse seismic AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) response rules of P-P wave and P-S converted wave to effective pressure and oil saturation variations are compared. The theoretical modeling study shows that it is feasible to distinguish different reservoir parameters dynamic variations by pre-stack time-lapse seismic information,including pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes and AVO information,which has great potential in improving time-lapse seismic interpreta-tion precision. It also shows that the time-lapse seismic response mechanism study on objective oil fields is especially important in establishing effective time-lapse seismic data process and interpreta-tion scheme. 相似文献
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Knowledge about saturation and pressure distributions in a reservoir can help in determining an optimal drainage pattern, and in deciding on optimal well designs to reduce risks of blow‐outs and damage to production equipment. By analyzing time‐lapse PP AVO or time‐lapse multicomponent seismic data, it is possible to separate the effects of production related saturation and pressure changes on seismic data. To be able to utilize information about saturation and pressure distributions in reservoir model building and simulation, information about uncertainty in the estimates is useful. In this paper we present a method to estimate changes in saturation and pressure from time‐lapse multicomponent seismic data using a Bayesian estimation technique. Results of the estimations will be probability density functions (pdfs), giving immediate information about both parameter values and uncertainties. Linearized rock physical models are linked to the changes in saturation and pressure in the prior probability distribution. The relationship between the elastic parameters and the measured seismic data is described in the likelihood model. By assuming Gaussian distributed prior uncertainties the posterior distribution of the saturation and pressure changes can be calculated analytically. Results from tests on synthetic seismic data show that this method produces more precise estimates of changes in effective pressure than a similar methodology based on only PP AVO time‐lapse seismic data. This indicates that additional information about S‐waves obtained from converted‐wave seismic data is useful for obtaining reliable information about the pressure change distribution. 相似文献