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1.
传统的原子吸收光谱和分光光度法测定土壤有效态钴和有效态铅,操作繁琐,且分析效率低,不适用于大量样品的测定;利用先进仪器测定虽然提高了分析效率,但由于浸提剂的浓度影响仪器灵敏度,测定结果不准确.本文用DTPA溶液浸提,电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定石灰性土壤中有效态钴和有效态铅的含量.稀释倍数实验表明,浸提液稀释2倍时,石灰性土壤国家标准物质的测定值与标准值基本一致;稀释5倍或10倍时,测定值较标准值偏高;不稀释时,由于浸提液的浓度较高,受到基体干扰,测定值偏低.本方法确定对浸提液稀释2倍进行实验,有效态钴的检出限为0.0130 μg/g,有效态铅的检出限为0.0142 μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=9)小于8%.用土壤国家标准物质进行验证,测定值与标准值的相对误差小于9%(n=9),满足了DD 2005 - 03对土壤样品中有效态钴和有效态铅的测定要求.  相似文献   

2.
朱维晃  杨元根  毕华  刘强 《矿物学报》2004,24(3):239-244
对海南0个土壤样品中的nl、Pb、Cu、0四种重金属的总量和生物有效态含量以及45个植物样(根、茎、叶)中的重金属含量分别进行了测定,采样点基本上覆盖了海南全省,测定结果表明,土壤中nl总量低于全国平均值,而Pb、Cu、Cd高于全国平均值,土壤中重金属生物有效态含量一般低于其总量的10%,其中Pb最高为7.71%,而Cu仅为1.13%,具有较大的变异性;植物中重金属含量与土壤中重金属总量呈现负相关性,但与土壤中有效态重金属含量一般呈现正相关性,叶中的重金属含量与土壤中有效态重金属含量之间的相关性更为显着,叶中的重金属含量与土壤中有效态重金属含量之间的相关系数分别为:Zn(0.726),Cu(0.626),Pb(0.n4),Cd(0.512)。这说明土壤中重金属总量并不能全面的评价土壤的环境效应和重金属的生物有效性,应该把重金属总量和生物有效态含量结合起来加以研究,并应将土壤中重金属的含量与植物中该元素含量之间作相关分析,根据其相关系数的大小来判断其生物有效性的程度。  相似文献   

3.
兰坪金顶铅锌矿区土壤重金属Zn、Cd分布特征研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过连续提取法测定兰坪金顶铅锌区土壤中Zn、Cd的形态含量,笔者等分析了污染物的分布、化学形态的变化。结果表明,金顶矿区土壤中Zn、Cd总量大范围超标,Zn的水溶态含量为n·100μg/g,离子交换态为n·10μg/g,残渣态、活性铁锰态、碳酸盐态和有机结合态含量为n·102μg/g,Cd的水溶态含量为n·10-2μg/g,其他各态基本在同一数量级为n·100μg/g,部分地区Zn离子交换态含量超过国家土壤环境质量标准(Ⅲ级)中总量标准1倍以上,而Cd离子交换态含量平均是Ⅲ级总量标准的5倍,Cd污染要更加严重。污染及形态分布受矿体展布、地形、矿业活动、地表径流等的影响。Zn、Cd的环境有效态(水溶态、离子交换态与碳酸盐态之和)含量比较高,对兰坪矿区及沘江流域具有潜在的危害。  相似文献   

4.
金沙江(攀枝花段)水系沉积物中重金属的形态特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用连续提取法,并用原子吸收光谱法进行分析研究了金沙江攀枝花段水系沉积物中重金属的形态及分布特征。研究发现:①各重金属的形态以残渣态为主,离子交换态含量很少;②各元素的形态有自己的特点。铜在有机硫化物结合态中的含量较高,钴在碳酸盐结合态中的含量较高,铅锌钴的铁锰氧化物结合态均较高;③有效态对水环境质量具有潜在的危害。  相似文献   

5.
云南沘江流域农田土壤重金属Pb、Zn、Cd、As的地球化学特征   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
以流经中国铅锌矿储量最大的兰坪金顶铅锌矿区的澜沧江支流——沘江周围农田土壤为研究对象,通过实地调查采样、室内实验测定和统计分析等方法,测定分析了土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd、As的含量及其化学形态分布,以探讨矿产开发对农田土壤重金属含量的影响。结果表明:(1)沘江流域农田土壤中的重金属蓄积量大,以国家《土壤环境质量标准》(Ⅱ级)衡量,Pb、Zn、Cd、As含量超标率分别为66.667%、91.667%、100%、16.667%,污染程度为Cd﹥Zn﹥Pb﹥As;(2)土壤中Pb和Cd的化学形态均以水溶态为主,活性大,迁移能力强,水溶态元素能够直接进入生态链,通过植物吸收进入食物链将给人类健康造成一定的威胁。而Zn和As化学形态分别以铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态为主,这两种形态在一般环境条件下较稳定,迁移能力弱;Pb和Cd的环境有效态(水溶态、离子交换态、碳酸盐结合态、腐殖酸结合态之和)含量较高,如果发生酸雨或酸性矿山废水的排出,它们的环境有效态会大量增加,对流域具有潜在的危害;(3)土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd、As含量分布和化学形态分布,整体上均为随着与矿区的距离增大而降低的趋势,分布曲线分为单峰状、双峰状两类。另外,Cd、Pb、Zn的化学形态分布与总量分布趋势基本一致,As的腐殖酸结合态、残渣态与总量分布一致。  相似文献   

6.
冀东平原土壤重金属元素的存在形态及有效性分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
通过对冀东平原根系土中8种重金属元素形态含量的统计与分析,总结出其形态组成特征,初步分析了各重金属元素在土壤中的地球化学行为。笔者运用相关性分析方法,对重金属元素有效态含量与全量及土壤pH、TOC的相关性进行分析,从而得出重金属元素有效态含量的高低不仅受其全量的影响,而且与土壤pH、TOC亦有密切关系,这为表层土壤重金属元素污染程度的科学合理评价提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
典型稀土矿区周边土壤中稀土元素含量及赋存形态研究   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
研究不同类型稀土矿区周边土壤中稀土元素(REE)的含量与形态特征,可为矿区周边污染环境治理提供理论支持与科学建议。本文采用欧盟BCR顺序提取法、电感耦合等离子体质谱测定的方法,对内蒙古白云鄂博稀土尾矿区和江西赣南稀土矿区周边6个土壤样品中15种稀土元素进行了含量及形态分析测定。结果表明:矿区周边土壤中稀土元素总量约为264~15955μg/g,明显高于全国土壤背景值(186μg/g),白云鄂博尾矿区周边土壤富集轻稀土元素,稀土元素主要以残渣态富集,占总含量的64.0%~89.4%,生物有效性较低,对环境影响较小;赣南矿区周边土壤富集重稀土元素,稀土元素的主要存在形式是弱酸提取态和可还原态,占总含量的70%以上,易发生迁移转化及对周边环境造成污染。土壤中稀土元素的形态分布与pH值有显著相关性,随着土壤pH值的降低,稀土元素的弱酸提取态含量不断升高,残渣态含量不断降低。  相似文献   

8.
土壤中重金属有效态分析方法研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
土壤中重金属的不同形态决定了对于生物的有效性。自然界的重金属元素参与生态迁移能够被生物吸收利用的部分为生物有效态。土壤重金属可交换态的研究可以为其生物有效态研究提供参考。本文对于土壤中砷、汞、铬、镉、铅和铊的酸溶态、络合态和盐溶态这几种单一提取方式的可交换态的分析方法进行了研究比较,以其提取效率高的为有效态的表现方式,以p H值7.5为土壤酸碱度的界限,建立了土壤中的砷、汞、铬、镉、铅和铊在不同酸碱度下的分析方法。本方法的Cr的方法检出限为4.65ng/g;Cd的方法检出限为0.49ng/g;Pb的方法检出限为9.73ng/g;As的方法检出限为21.89ng/g;Hg的方法检出限为0.30ng/g;Tl的方法检出限为0.54ng/g。采用GBW7412,GBW7413,GBW7416这三个国家一级标准物质样品测得的方法精密度范围6.01%~19.3%。本方法适用于土地质量评估的要求。  相似文献   

9.
小秦岭金矿区土壤重金属生物有效性与影响因素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张开军  魏迎春  徐友宁 《地质通报》2014,33(8):1182-1187
土壤中重金属生物有效性与影响因素分析是土壤重金属风险管控的关键问题。通过实地调查、现场采样、实验测试、综合分析等方法,分析了研究区100km2内Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu、Zn七种重金属元素的有效态含量特征,研究了这些重金属有效态含量之间、有效态含量与全量、有效态与土壤pH、有机质含量、粒度等基本理化参数之间的相关性,分析了重金属污染来源。结果表明,土壤中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu、Zn七种重金属有效态的平均含量分别为2.29mg/kg、594mg/kg、2.52mg/kg、6.30mg/kg、2.16mg/kg、48.14mg/kg、50.21mg/kg,其变异系数大小为:HgPbCuZnCdAsCr。Hg的变异系数最大,是由于金矿选矿活动采用混汞法提金排放的尾矿堆(库)分布不均。Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn有效态量与全量之间均存在显著的相关性;土壤有机质与重金属有效态之间存在显著的相关性;土壤pH与有效态重金属之间存在显著的负相关性;土壤粒度对重金属有效态的累积影响不明显。  相似文献   

10.
土壤中不同形态重金属及其转化的影响因素研究对于了解重金属的地球化学行为具有重要意义。以山东烟台金矿区及城镇周边典型土壤为例,探讨了土壤中不同形态重金属与土壤有机质、黏粒、磁化率和pH值的关系及其生态危害性。结果表明:土壤中大多数重金属以残渣态和铁锰氧化态存在,而Cd以离子交换态为主;土壤酸化可使Ni、Zn、Cd、Hg的活动态含量增加;对于Pb污染严重的土壤,使土壤pH维持在中碱性环境,可以降低Pb危害;防止土壤盐碱化是消除土壤As污染的有效措施;土壤有机质含量增加可明显降低Pb、Hg、Ni等活动态含量,随黏粒含量增加,Pb、Zn等离子交换态含量占总量的比例略有减小;土壤磁化率对了解土壤酸化的状况和土壤污染程度有较好的指示作用。  相似文献   

11.
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

12.
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.  相似文献   

13.
Robert L. Linnen   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):267-280
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.  相似文献   

14.
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.  相似文献   

15.
PALEONTOLOGY     
正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)  相似文献   

16.
正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)  相似文献   

17.
正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)  相似文献   

18.
PETROLOGY     
正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,  相似文献   

19.
正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an  相似文献   

20.
正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of  相似文献   

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