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1.
松辽盆地南部片钠铝石形成与碎屑长石的成因联系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
含片钠铝石砂岩通常以富长石类型为主(岩屑长石砂岩,长石岩屑砂岩,长石砂岩)。为揭示片钠铝石与长石之间的主要赋存关系及长石在片钠铝石形成过程中所做的贡献,通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及阴极发光等镜下观察方法对松辽盆地南部红岗地区含片钠铝石砂岩进行了岩石学系统研究。本区片钠铝石主要以充填孔隙及交代颗粒的形式产出,其中片钠铝石交代斜长石的现象明显多于交代钾长石,片钠铝石交代斜长石初期优先沿其双晶缝向内生长,有些甚至完全交代斜长石而呈现交代假象。整体上片钠铝石含量与长石含量呈负相关关系。长石的溶蚀溶解为片钠铝石的形成提供Na+、Al 3+,由于各类长石的热力学性质存在差异,钾长石发生溶蚀溶解的速率及程度会明显低于斜长石,因此斜长石对形成片钠铝石的离子贡献大于钾长石。 相似文献
2.
长石溶解过程的热力学计算及其在碎屑岩储层研究中的意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
基于对反应过程吉布斯自由能增量的计算,探讨了长石的3种端元组成（钾长石、钠长石和钙长石）溶解生成高岭石、伊利石的热力学性质。结果表明：钾长石、钠长石和钙长石在成岩过程中均可以自发地向高岭石、伊利石转化。在长石的这3种类型中,钙长石溶解反应的吉布斯自由能增量最低,并明显具有正的温度效应,说明钙长石最不稳定且在低温条件下更易溶解;钾长石溶解反应的吉布斯自由能增量最高,并具有较大的负的温度效应,说明钾长石稳定性较高且在埋藏成岩条件下更易溶解;钠长石溶解反应的吉布斯自由能增量中等,受温度影响不大,但温度升高时其稳定性仍有所下降。与温度相比,压力对反应的吉布斯自由能增量几乎没有影响。因此,砂岩中的次生孔隙,尤其是埋藏成岩过程中形成的次生孔隙应与钾长石的关系最为密切,其次是钠长石,但其可能受到蒙皂石向伊利石转化反应的缓冲,在埋藏成岩条件下溶解较为困难,并可能造成斜长石的钠长石化或自生钠长石的沉淀。 相似文献
3.
成岩过程中长石、高岭石、伊利石之间的物质交换与次生孔隙的形成：来自鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界和川西凹陷三叠系须家河组的研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
根据我国鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界和四川盆地三叠系须家河组砂岩成岩作用和次生孔隙形成机制的研究,总结了碎屑岩成岩过程中长石、高岭石、伊利石之间的物质交换及其对次生孔隙形成的影响。研究表明：（1）砂岩埋藏前组成中长石的类型及相对含量、含膨胀层的粘土矿物（如同期火山物质）的数量、系统的开放性与封闭性以及流体中额外钾离子的存在与否直接控制了长石的溶解方式和次生孔隙的形成机制;（2）在热力学上最不稳定且低温条件下更易溶解的偏基性斜长石在同生到埋藏成岩作用初期已大量溶解,并伴随高岭石的沉淀,在热力学上相对稳定的钾长石是保存时间最长的长石类型,也是以后埋藏成岩过程中对次生孔隙贡献最多的长石类型;（3）在埋藏成岩作用初期到120—140℃古地温以前的成岩阶段中,蒙皂石．伊利石的转化反应是克服埋藏成岩过程中钾长石溶解动力学屏障的重要机制,如果骨架颗粒中存在较多的钾长石和较多的含膨胀层的粘土矿物,则次生孔隙主要由钾长石溶解提供,并有斜长石的钠长石化或自生钠长石沉淀,这是鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界石盒子组和三叠系延长组次生孔隙的主要形成机制;（4）在120～140℃古地温以后的深埋藏成岩阶段中,高岭石的伊利石化是克服埋藏成岩过程中钾长石溶解动力学屏障的另一重要机制,而钾长石的溶解又是封闭条件下高岭石的伊利石化的必要伴随反应,地层中钾长石和高岭石的相对数量控制了长石的溶解以及溶解产物中钾长石、高岭石、伊利石三种矿物间的数量关系,只要地层中钾长石（或高岭石）没有消耗完,钾长石的溶解和高岭石伊利石化反应就会持续发生并在深埋藏条件下形成次生孔隙,这是鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组和四川盆地三叠系须家河组二段砂岩? 相似文献
4.
长石是一族矿物的名称,从组分说有四种:钾长石、钠长石、钙长石、和钡长石。长石族有三个亚族:钾钠长石亚族,又名正长石亚族,由于阳离子是K、Na故又名碱性长石亚族,斜长石亚族和钡长石亚族。钾长石与钠长石,高温时可以形成完全类质同象,低温是不完全类质同象,它们的类质同象称碱性长石系列;钠长石和钙长石也可以形成类质同象,称斜长石系列,通常仍不正确 相似文献
5.
我国东部六个碱性岩体的长石以碱性长石为主,包括了正长石、微斜长石和钠长石;斜长石有中长石和奥长石。它们具有三种组合,即正长石-斜长石;正长石-微斜长石;钠长石-微斜长石组成的条纹长石。各组合长石在组分或结构态方面都有某些共同之处,某些岩体还体现了长石成分演化的一致趋势。本文根据长石结构态,以及二长石和长石-霞石地质温度计的应用,对岩体形成温度作了一些探讨。 相似文献
6.
长石溶孔是火山岩中重要的孔隙类型之一,火山岩的主要孔隙类型中长石溶孔所占的比例在1.24%～60.61％之间,在储层中占有重要地位。从岩相学、岩石化学CIPW标准矿物成分、热力学等方面论证了斜长石的选择性溶蚀。岩相学特征表现出斜长石选择性溶蚀的特征,即钙长石溶蚀时钠长石没有溶蚀,同时出现斜长石选择性溶蚀时钠长石和钾长石生长的现象。斜长石选择性溶蚀得到了CIPW标准矿物成分的支持,在CIPW标准矿物成分中长石的端元组分主要为钠长石和钾长石,而钙长石绝大多数为0或接近0。热力学研究表明,在同样的温度、压力和地层水成分的条件下,在斜长石中优先溶解钙长石组分。当地层水中Na+和K+浓度达到饱和时发生钠长石和钾长石沉淀,出现斜长石选择性溶蚀的同时发生钠长石和钾长石生长的现象。 相似文献
7.
火山岩储层斜长石选择性溶蚀的岩石学特征和热力学条件 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
长石溶孔是火山岩中重要的孔隙类型之一,火山岩的主要孔隙类型中长石溶孔所占的比例在1.24%～60.61%之间,在储层中占有重要地位.从岩相学、岩石化学CIPW标准矿物成分、热力学等方面论证了斜长石的选择性溶蚀.岩相学特征表现出斜长石选择性溶蚀的特征,即钙长石溶蚀时钠长石没有溶蚀,同时出现斜长石选择性溶蚀时钠长石和钾长石生长的现象.斜长石选择性溶蚀得到了CIPW标准矿物成分的支持,在CIPW标准矿物成分中长石的端元组分主要为钠长石和钾长石,而钙长石绝大多数为0或接近0.热力学研究表明,在同样的温度、压力和地层水成分的条件下,在斜长石中优先溶解钙长石组分.当地层水中Na+和K+浓度达到饱和时发生钠长石和钾长石沉淀,出现斜长石选择性溶蚀的同时发生钠长石和钾长石生长的现象. 相似文献
8.
泌阳凹陷核三下亚段砂岩成岩作用及储集性 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
泌阳凹陷东部核三下亚段砂岩储层由辨状河三角洲成因的长石砂岩及岩屑长石砂岩组成。主要成岩作用包括压实、石英和长石次生加大、晶粒状方解石胶结、溶解、自生绿泥石等，演化程度已达到晚成岩Ｂ亚期。成岩作用使砂岩原生孔隙体系发生强烈变化。各种成岩作用对储集性有不同影响，孔隙度的减少主要与压实及碳酸盐胶结作用有关；石英和长石次生加大及自生粘土衬边经常使喉道堵塞，对渗透率危害较大；溶解作用形成的次生孔隙及喉道对砂 相似文献
9.
玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组是近几年准噶尔盆地页岩油接替的主攻领域,但其页岩成岩改造强烈,原始岩性归属尚不明确。X射线粉晶衍射测得风城组页岩黏土矿物含量普遍较低（<10%）,长英质矿物含量较高（60%~80%）。薄片分析发现风城组长英质页岩存在三种类型：① 粉砂级（4~63 μm）长石和石英碎屑含量丰富,为典型的粉砂岩;② 燧石条带和团块发育,为富硅页岩;③ 长英质基质发育,呈非碎屑状,且火山尘及火山玻璃少见,其矿物组成和形态与典型的黏土岩、粉砂岩及沉凝灰岩明显不同。背散射图像和高精度扫描电镜测得该长英质基质由碎屑和自生石英、钾长石和钠长石共同组成,可见黏土矿物、碎屑钾长石和钠长石向自生石英转化,碎屑钾长石向自生钠长石转化。通过调研全球中新生代碱湖沉积中自生硅酸盐矿物组合特征和成岩演化规律,探讨了二叠系风城组“贫”黏土矿物和“富”自生长英质矿物的原因,并提出风城组发育一类“改造长英质页岩”,主要由原始黏土和长石碎屑矿物和火山物质经过多期成岩改造而成。早期高碱（pH>9）沉积和成岩环境增加了SiO2溶解度和元素铝的活性,导致黏土矿物、泥级—细粉砂级长英质碎屑、火山灰等在入湖后发生“溶解、转化”,形成次稳定的硅酸盐矿物,如沸石和含镁蒙皂石,在经历漫长埋藏成岩后进一步转化为更为稳定的石英、钾长石和钠长石。碱湖页岩的成岩改造过程消耗了黏土矿物和火山灰,极大增加了页岩脆性,同时伴生了大量基质溶孔和晶间孔,是一类优质的页岩储层。 相似文献
10.
鄂尔多斯盆地山西组、太原组和四川盆地须家河组的砂岩都是中国重要的天然气储集层,其特征是具有极低的长石含量和广泛的方解石胶结作用。对这些地层的样品进行了阴极发光分析并很好地揭示了方解石胶结作用发生前的砂岩组构。研究表明：在这些含煤地层的砂岩中,至少有10%~20%的长石在埋藏成岩过程中被煤系地层的酸性流体所溶解,因而砂岩的高成分成熟度和较大的“粒间孔隙体积”都不是原生的。另外,残余长石的阴极发光性还表明：埋藏成岩过程中被溶解的长石主要是钾长石,说明在风化、搬运和埋藏成岩作用的早期阶段,钾长石是相对稳定的,更多的斜长石是在埋藏前或埋藏成岩作用的早期阶段被溶解的,因而钾长石应是碎屑岩埋藏成岩过程中对次生孔隙贡献最大的长石类型。 相似文献
11.
塔里木库车坳陷中新生界储层砂岩成岩期钠长石化 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
库车坳陷中新生界以陆相碎屑建造为主,在该区储层砂岩中,钠长石为广泛存在的自生矿物之一。显微结构证据显示,成岩期钠长石交代长石等碎屑,或呈细小自形晶填隙产出,在化学成份上,钠长石与被交代的长石存在过渡关系。在碎屑长石钠长石化过程中,母体相的溶解速率大于钠长石的沉淀速率,并伴有石英,高岭石等矿物的消耗,因此有助于次生孔隙的发育及储层物性的改善。从高岭石的垂向分布,以及钠长石相对含量与埋深的关系,可以看出钠长石化作用主要发生在探成岩(mescdiagenesis),对应于4 000-5 500m埋探,和90℃ ～110℃ 地温带 在库车和塔北地区,主要工业油气藏亦集中分布在这一深度带。 相似文献
12.
Microtextures of authigenic Or-rich feldspar in the Upper Jurassic Humber Group, UK North Sea 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
ABSTRACT Detrital alkali feldspars currently at burial depths of 3·2–3·5 km in the Upper Jurassic Humber Group of the Fulmar oilfield, UK North Sea, are overgrown and have been partially replaced by authigenic Or‐rich feldspar. Intracrystal microtextures suggest several different provenances for the detrital grains. The overgrowths are uniformly non‐cathodoluminescent and have occasional celsian‐rich zones. Transmission electron microscopy shows that they are composed of a microporous mosaic of subµm‐ to µm‐sized sub‐grains associated with barite, illite and pyrite. The subgrains are somewhat rounded but have an approximate {110} Adularia habit and display a faint modulated microtexture on the nanometre scale. They have triclinic symmetry, but the lattice angles depart only slightly from monoclinic symmetry. These features are characteristic of K‐feldspar precipitated relatively rapidly and at low temperature. Authigenic Or‐rich feldspar has also partially replaced microcline and perthitic albite within the detrital grains, often at a suboptical scale. Although, like diagenetic albitization, replacement by K‐feldspar is probably a very common diagenetic reaction, it has rarely been reported owing to difficulties in imaging the diagnostic textures with the scanning electron microscopy techniques used by most workers. The permeability of the subgrain microtexture may significantly hinder the use of feldspar overgrowths for K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of diagenesis, and the existence of suboptical, replacive authigenic K‐feldspar within detrital grains may significantly modify the apparent Ar ages of detrital grains. Similar subgrain microtextures in optically featureless quartz overgrowths are also illustrated. 相似文献
13.
Plagioclases and K-feldspars in the sandstones and mudrocks of the Cretaceous non-marine Gyeongsang Basin, Korea, were partially to completely albitized. The preservation of fresh plagioclase grains in early micrite-cemented sandstones suggests the diagenetic origin of albite. Albitization textures in mudrocks were examined using backscattered electron images. In contrast to completely albitized plagioclase grains in sandstones, those in mudrocks are mostly partially albitized. It suggests that mudrocks can be more useful for a provenance study than sandstones by preserving detrital minerals better. K-feldspar is unaltered to partially albitized in both sandstones and mudrocks. In mudrocks albitization starts preferentially along microfractures, cleavages and grain margins. Albitization along grain margins seems to be a characteristic feature in mudrocks where development of microfractures in silt-sized feldspar grains by physical compaction is limited by clayey matrix as well as by overpressure. The extent of albitization in mudrocks is mainly controlled by composition of the detrital plagioclase. Mudrocks containing calcic plagioclase grains tend to be more extensively albitized than those containing sodic varieties. 相似文献
14.
Abstract Microprobe analyses of feldspars in granite mylonites containing flame perthite give compositions that invariably plot as three distinct clusters on a ternary feldspar diagram: orthoclase (Or92–97), albite and oligoclase-andesine. The albite occurs as grains in the matrix, as flame-shaped lamellae in orthoclase, and in patches within plagioclase grains. We present a metamorphic model for albite flame growth in the K-feldspar in these rocks that is related to reactions in plagioclase, rather than alkali feldspar exsolution. Flame growth is attributed to replacement and results from a combination of two retrograde reactions and one exchange reaction under greenschist facies conditions. Reaction 1 is a continuous or discontinuous (across the peristerite solvus) reaction in plagioclase, in which the An component forms epidote or zoisite. Most of the albite component liberated by Reaction 1 stays to form albite in the host plagioclase, but some Na migrates to form the flames within the K-feldspar. Reaction 2 is the exchange of K for Na in K-feldspar. Reaction 3 is the retrograde formation of muscovite (as ‘sericite’) and has all of the chemical components of a hydration reaction of K-feldspar. The Si and Al made available in the plagioclase from Reaction 1 are combined with the K liberated from the K-feldspar, to produce muscovite in Reaction 3. The muscovite forms in the plagioclase, rather than the K-feldspar, as a result of the greater mobility of K relative to Al. The composition of the albite flames is controlled by both the peristerite and the alkali feldspar miscibility gaps and depends on the position of these solvi at the pressure and temperature that existed during the reaction. Using an initial plagioclase composition of An20, the total reaction can be summarized as: 20 oligoclase + 1 K-feldspar + 2 H2O = 2 zoisite + muscovite + 2 quartz + 15 albiteplagioclase+ 1 albiteflame. This model does not require that any additional feldspar framework be accreted at replacement sites: Na and K are the only components that must migrate a significant distance (e.g. from one grain to the next), allowing Al to remain within the altering plagioclase grain. The resulting saussuritization is isovolumetric. The temperature and extent of replacement depends on when, and how much, water infiltrates the rock. The fugacity of the water, and therefore the pressure of the fluid, may have been significantly lower than lithostatic during flame growth. 相似文献
15.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(7):1076-1085
Magmatic origin of large (up to 5 cm) phenocrysts of K-feldspar is indicated by mineralogical, chemical, and roentgenometric-structural analysis of the crystals. Perthites are found to be metasomatic products of replacement of plagioclase by K-feldspar. This reaction is accompanied by albitization of plagioclase and then by growth of albite after feldspar, in cleavage planes and elsewhere, or by spot-segregations of albite in places formerly occupied by plagioclase. — V.P. Sokoloff 相似文献
16.
惠州凹陷东部珠海组储层碱性成岩作用及孔隙演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜、粒度分析、X衍射等资料,对惠州凹陷东部珠海组储层的岩石学特征、成岩作用和孔隙演化过程进行分析研究。研究认为,惠州凹陷东部珠海组储层的岩石类型以岩屑砂岩、长石质岩屑砂岩、岩屑质石英砂岩和岩屑质长石砂岩为主,结构成熟度与成分成熟度较低。砂岩埋藏过程中经历了明显的碱性成岩作用:石英的溶蚀与交代、碳酸盐矿物胶结、伊利石和绿泥石的沉淀以及钠长石化等。碱性成岩作用对孔隙的影响包括:石英溶蚀形成次生溶孔、碳酸盐胶结物沉淀损失粒间孔隙、黏土矿物沉淀形成晶间微孔。研究区珠海组主要发育粒内溶孔和粒间溶孔,原生孔隙较少。储层现今处于中成岩阶段A期,早期经历了强烈的压实作用,使其孔隙度由原始孔隙度32.1%降低至8.8%。早成岩阶段为碱性成岩环境,石英溶蚀增孔约0.5%;碳酸盐、硫酸盐、伊利石等胶结物沉淀减孔约2.3%。中成岩阶段A期为酸性成岩环境,硅质、高岭石等胶结物沉淀减孔约1.2%;长石、岩屑等溶蚀增孔约4.3%。最终,储层演化至现今孔隙度10.1%。 相似文献
17.
鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组砂岩钠长石化与热液成岩作用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鄂尔多斯盆地延长组储层砂岩发育大量自生钠长石矿物,其成因和产出与浊沸石有关,含量和分布比浊沸石多而广泛,但没有引起人们的注意。大量详细岩相学观察发现延长组储层砂岩发育丰富的自生钠长石,其主要为由斜长石碎屑蚀变形成或呈胶结物充填分布在砂岩碎屑颗粒之间。钠长石中含有大量原生的发亮黄色荧光的油气包裹体,表明其形成与油气注入同时。电子探针成分分析表明,钠长石Na2O含量较高,几乎为斜长石的纯钠长石端员(NaAlSi3O8),没有钙长石端员(CaAl2Si2O8)。激光拉曼光谱特征反映出钠长石为沉积成岩期形成的低温钠长石,而非来源于岩浆岩或者变质岩区的碎屑钠长石。应用LA-MC-ICP/MS原位微分析技术对钠长石进行的稀土元素分析表明,延长组砂岩钠长石具有热水成岩作用地球化学特征,属于热液成岩作用产物。认为大量钠长石形成与石油充注的同时进行导致了储层致密过程中岩性油藏的形成。延长组储层砂岩中热液成岩作用对油藏形成和分布意义重大,值得重视和研究。 相似文献
18.
成岩作用过程中骨架颗粒长石的溶蚀淋滤是碎屑岩储层形成次生孔隙的重要作用。长石在溶蚀反应中Al元素的活动性最低,只有在流体动力较强的条件下Al才发生迁移作用,长石溶蚀反应中高岭石的形成与分布受控于Al的迁移富集能力。因此研究成岩元素Al在流体中迁移富集特征对于储层评价具有重要意义。运用铸体薄片、扫描电镜以及粉晶衍射等分析测试技术,对东营凹陷碎屑岩储层的成岩特征进行了研究,结果在镜下可见研究区长石溶蚀以及Al的迁移富集特征明显。通过斜长石溶蚀形成高岭石的化学反应方程式,对比反应前后斜长石含量的变化,对河140井2 9213~2 9258 m深度段的砂岩进行了理论高岭石含量的计算。这种理论计算结果和实际形成高岭石含量曲线的差异,说明相对开放体系里长石溶蚀产物Al发生了微观的迁移富集作用。通过研究牛庄凹陷砂岩夹层中高岭石的含量分布特征,发现在砂泥岩界面靠近砂体一侧出现高岭石的富集,说明长石溶蚀产物Al在一定的流体动力条件下发生了迁移富集。研究区储层中长石溶解后形成高岭石,且其分布基本上受流体活动活跃的砂/泥岩界面位置和岩石物性控制。以钠长石和钾长石溶蚀形成高岭石和石英为例,对成岩反应前后岩石的体积变化进行了理论计算,结果表明如果长石溶解产物Al没有发生较大尺度的迁移,那么长石溶蚀后几乎相等体积的次生矿物将会沉淀充填孔隙。对于碎屑岩储层,次生孔隙发育的岩相学特征只能说明砂岩骨架颗粒发生了溶蚀作用、引起了孔隙重新分布、增加了砂体的非均质性,不足以说明砂岩孔隙度是否会真正提高。同时高岭石含量不能作为有效次生孔隙发育的标志,只有在Al发生迁移净输出之后,才能真正提高储集层的物性。 相似文献
19.
S. Morad M. A. K. El‐Ghali M. A. Caja M. Sirat K. Al‐Ramadan H. Mansurbeg 《Geological Journal》2010,45(1):105-116
Petrographic examinations and electron microprobe analyses of Proterozoic granitic rocks, SE Sweden aimed to characterize and unravel the mechanisms and conditions of plagioclase alterations. These alterations include saussuritization, albitization and replacement of plagioclase by K‐feldspar. The hydrothermal alterations, which are inferred to have occurred at ca. 250–400°C, resulted in concomitant formation of Al‐rich titanite, epidote, calcite, pumpellyite, prehnite and iron oxides. Replacement of plagioclase by K‐feldspar occurs in red‐stained zones, which have developed close to thin fractures owing to the precipitation of tiny Fe‐oxide pigment particles within the altered plagioclase, whereas saussuritized plagioclase has less systematic spatial relationships to these fractures. Albitization of plagioclase occurred in rocks that are poor in biotite compared to rocks that suffered extensive saussuritization. The chemical and textural characterization of various types of plagioclase alterations allows elucidation of the granitic hydrothermal systems. Features of feldspar alteration in the granitic rocks are similar to those encountered in feldspathic sandstones and should hence be considered in studies on diagenetic changes of siliciclastic successions during basin evolution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT Two styles of feldspar alteration – carbonatization and albitization – were investigated using a cathodoluminescence (CL) technique. The nature of the alteration depends on the composition of the fluids. The infiltration of CO2 -rich fluids causes decomposition of An-rich zones in plagioclase followed by the formation of secondary calcite, albite and white mica. K-feldspar is more resistant to CO2 -induced alteration. The circulation of aqueous fluids results in decomposition of primary oligoclase into albite and clinozoisite. Secondary K-feldspar exsolved as small independent grains on the rim of the primary oligoclase, if the primary plagioclase was enriched in the orthoclase component. The fluids easily penetrate the crystals using, crystallographic plains, e.g., twinning or cleavage or simply along cracks. These migration pathways enable the fluids to enter the inner parts of the grain, which would otherwise not be affected by grain-surface alteration. 相似文献