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1.
A time series of velocity profile in the upper 150 m of the equatorial Atlantic was gathered at 23W in 2002 within the PIRATA program. It constitutes the first time series of near surface current measurements simultaneous with altimetric data in the equatorial Atlantic. The surface slope anomaly along the equator is computed from satellite altimetry, and, as a proxy for the pressure gradient along the equator, compared with the wind and near surface current data. In a first step, a time series of the surface slope anomaly along the equator in the Atlantic is computed from the 10-year-long TOPEX/Poseidon sea level anomalies. A sensitivity study establishes the robustness of the calculation. Apart from a 15 cm bias, the equatorial sea surface slope anomalies estimated either from TOPEX/Poseidon or from Jason over the 6-month overlap (Feb.-Aug. 2002) do not reveal drastic differences. We produce two sea surface slope anomaly composite time series for 2002 (one with T/P data, the other with Jason data during the commissioning phase) and compare them to the wind and velocity data at 23W. As expected, the near surface velocity and depth of the upper limit of the equatorial undercurrent (EUC) are extremely well correlated with the surface pressure gradient anomaly. 10-year-long time series of altimetry-derived zonal sea surface slope anomaly and ECMWF ERA40 wind stress are also well correlated. They exhibit similar spectral content and similar anomalous years. This is a first step towards a full analysis of the EUC dynamics using altimetry, PIRATA data (near surface current and subsurface thermohaline structure) and model. These initial comparisons reinforce the utility of Jason measurements for continuing the 10-year and highly accurate TOPEX/Poseidon time series for study of equatorial signals. 相似文献
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Low frequency variability in the tropical Atlantic is complex and hard to witness due to the weakness of this signal compared to the dominant seasonal one. TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason provide a new tool to enlighten these topics by offering more than 10 years of continuous altimetric series. In the tropical regions, due to the vanishing of the Coriolis parameter, uncertainties of a few centimeters in sea level can result in large errors on geostrophic velocity which will propagate rapidly over the entire basin. Accuracy is then a crucial problem for these areas. The ARAMIS program (Altimétrie sur un Rail Atlantique et Mesures In Situ) has been developed by the French Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) and Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) organizations in order to get a long-term survey of temperature, salinity and pCO2 structures in the tropical Atlantic along a merchant ship line. The first two ARAMIS cruises, in July 2002 and March 2003, were dedicated to Jason validation. The dynamical contrast between ARAMIS1 and ARAMIS2 is first analyzed here in agreement with seasonal variations of surface fluxes and wind forcing. Comparisons with TOPEX/Poseidon and JASON data are then presented in terms of sea level analysis. New geopotential models such as the Earth Gravitational Model 1996 (EGM96) that have become available with a resolution of undulations on the order of 50 km, are checked to get the absolute signal. Finally, the tropical Atlantic surface circulation characteristics are used to point out the agreements/discrepancies between all in situ/satellite products, as geostrophic current will emphasize the sea level results. 相似文献
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全球有效波高和风速的时空变化及相关关系研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The climatology of significant wave height（SWH） and sea surface wind speed are matters of concern in the fields of both meteorology and oceanography because they are very important parameters for planning offshore structures and ship routings. The TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter, which collected data for about 13 years from September 1992 to October 2005, has measured SWHs and surface wind speeds over most of the world＇s oceans. In this paper, a study of the global spatiotemporal distributions and variations of SWH and sea surface wind speed was conducted using the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data set. The range and characteristics of the variations were analyzed quantitatively for the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. Areas of rough waves and strong sea surface winds were localized precisely, and the correlation between SWH and sea surface wind speed analyzed. 相似文献
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The Jason-1 verification phase has proven to be a unique and successful calibration experiment to quantify the agreement with its predecessor TOPEX/Poseidon. Although both missions have met prescribed error budgets, comparison of the mean and time-varying sea surface height profiles from near simultaneous observations derived from the missions' Geophysical Data Records exhibit significant basin scale differences. Several suspected sources causing this disagreement are identified and improved upon, including (a) replacement of TOPEX and Jason project POE with enhanced orbits computed at GSFC within a consistent ITRF2000 terrestrial reference frame, (b) application of waveform retracking corrections to TOPEX significant wave height and sea surface heights, (c) resultant improved efficacy of the TOPEX sea state bias estimation from the value added sea surface height, and (d) estimation of Jason-1 sea state bias employing dual TOPEX/Jason crossover and collinear sea surface height residuals unique to the validation mission. The resultant mean sea surface height comparison shows improved agreement at better than 60 percent level of variance reduction with a standard deviation less then 0.5 cm. 相似文献
6.
The Jason-1 verification phase has proven to be a unique and successful calibration experiment to quantify the agreement with its predecessor TOPEX/Poseidon. Although both missions have met prescribed error budgets, comparison of the mean and time-varying sea surface height profiles from near simultaneous observations derived from the missions' Geophysical Data Records exhibit significant basin scale differences. Several suspected sources causing this disagreement are identified and improved upon, including (a) replacement of TOPEX and Jason project POE with enhanced orbits computed at GSFC within a consistent ITRF2000 terrestrial reference frame, (b) application of waveform retracking corrections to TOPEX significant wave height and sea surface heights, (c) resultant improved efficacy of the TOPEX sea state bias estimation from the value added sea surface height, and (d) estimation of Jason-1 sea state bias employing dual TOPEX/Jason crossover and collinear sea surface height residuals unique to the validation mission. The resultant mean sea surface height comparison shows improved agreement at better than 60 percent level of variance reduction with a standard deviation less then 0.5 cm. 相似文献
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GUOQI HAN 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3-4):577-595
Sea level observations from the tandem TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) and Jason-1 altimetry missions (2002–2003) are used to study characteristics of sea level and surface currents over the Scotian Shelf and Slope off Nova Scotia. The consistency and error characteristics of T/P and Jason-1 measurements are examined not only in terms of sea level and cross-track current anomalies but also with respect to current anomalies at crossovers, kinematic properties associated with Gulf Stream warm core rings (WCR), and the shelf-edge current transport. Nominal absolute currents are constructed by adding the altimetric geostrophic current anomalies to an annual-mean model circulation field. The concurrent frontal analysis data are analyzed for occurrence of the WCRs and associated kinematic properties are derived from altimetric current anomalies. The comparison of the sea level and cross-track current anomalies from January to July 2002 shows overall good agreement between T/P and Jason, with correlation coefficients different from zero at the 5% significance level at essentially all locations for sea level and at most locations for currents. The cross-track geostrophic current anomalies from January to July 2002 and from September 2002 to December 2003 are further used to calculate the root-mean-square (rms) current magnitude, and the normalized relative vorticity associated with WCRs. The altimetric currents are consistent with each other and complementary to frontal analysis data in deriving the properties of the WCRs. The rms current magnitude is ～55 cm/s and the normalized relative vorticity is ～0.15. The model-altimetry combined absolute currents are used to estimate near-surface transport associated with the shelf-edge current, showing good correlation between T/P and Jason estimates and strong seasonal changes. The current anomalies derived from altimetry and moored measurements are significantly (at the 5% significance level) correlated and comparable in the rms magnitude. 相似文献
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Guoqi Han 《Marine Geodesy》2004,27(3):577-595
Sea level observations from the tandem TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) and Jason-1 altimetry missions (2002-2003) are used to study characteristics of sea level and surface currents over the Scotian Shelf and Slope off Nova Scotia. The consistency and error characteristics of T/P and Jason-1 measurements are examined not only in terms of sea level and cross-track current anomalies but also with respect to current anomalies at crossovers, kinematic properties associated with Gulf Stream warm core rings (WCR), and the shelf-edge current transport. Nominal absolute currents are constructed by adding the altimetric geostrophic current anomalies to an annual-mean model circulation field. The concurrent frontal analysis data are analyzed for occurrence of the WCRs and associated kinematic properties are derived from altimetric current anomalies. The comparison of the sea level and cross-track current anomalies from January to July 2002 shows overall good agreement between T/P and Jason, with correlation coefficients different from zero at the 5% significance level at essentially all locations for sea level and at most locations for currents. The cross-track geostrophic current anomalies from January to July 2002 and from September 2002 to December 2003 are further used to calculate the root-mean-square (rms) current magnitude, and the normalized relative vorticity associated with WCRs. The altimetric currents are consistent with each other and complementary to frontal analysis data in deriving the properties of the WCRs. The rms current magnitude is ∼55 cm/s and the normalized relative vorticity is ∼0.15. The model-altimetry combined absolute currents are used to estimate near-surface transport associated with the shelf-edge current, showing good correlation between T/P and Jason estimates and strong seasonal changes. The current anomalies derived from altimetry and moored measurements are significantly (at the 5% significance level) correlated and comparable in the rms magnitude. 相似文献
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The long-term sea-level trend in the Bering Sea is obtained by the analysis of TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data, including the data of two tide gauges. The averaged sea-level in the Bering Sea rises at a rate of 2.47 mm/a from 1992 to 2002. The mean sea-level is falling in the most part of the Bering Sea, especially in its central basin, and it is rising in the northeastern part of the Bering Sea. During the 1998/99 change, the sea-level anomaly differences exhibit a significant sea-level anomaly fall in the deep basin of the Bering Sea,which is roughly in the same position where a prominent SST fall exists. The maximal fall of sea-level is about 10 cm in the southwestern part of the Bering Sea, and the maximal fall of about 2℃ in the SST also appeared in the same region as the sea level did.The steric sea-level change due to temperature variations is discussed. The results are compared with the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data at the different spatial scales. It is indicated that the seasonal amplitude of the steric height is about 35% of the observed TOPEX/Poseidon amplitude, which is much smaller than the 83% in the mid-latitudes area. The systematic difference between the TOPEX/Poseidon data with the range of about 7.5 cm and the thermal contribution with the range of about 2.5 cm is about 5 cm. This indicates that the thermal effect on the sea level is not as important as the case in the mid-latitudes area. In the Bering Sea, the phase of the steric height leads the observed sea level by about three months. 相似文献
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A method has been developed to monitor the surface velocity field by combining repeated acoustic Doppler current profiler
(ADCP) observations and satellite altimetry data. The geostrophic velocity anomaly is calculated from the sea surface height
anomaly field estimated from the altimetry data by an optimal interpolation. It has been confirmed that this accurately observes
the smoothed velocity anomaly field when the interpolation scales are set according to the spatio-temporal sampling pattern
of the altimeter used. The velocity anomaly obtained from the altimetry data is subtracted from the repeated ADCP observations
to estimate temporal mean velocity along the ship tracks. Regularly sampled, nine-year time series of surface velocity can
then be obtained by adding the computed mean velocity and the altimetry anomaly components. This clearly illustrates surface
velocity fluctuations such as the movement of the Kuroshio axis due to its meandering and an increase of the interannual variability
of the Subtropical Countercurrent toward its downstream region.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Sarah T. Gille 《Marine Geodesy》2004,27(1):47-57
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test is used to compare probability density functions (PDFs) of geostrophic velocities measured by the TOPEX, Poseidon, and Jason altimeters. Velocity PDFs are computed in 2.5° by 2.5° boxes for regions equatorward of 60° latitude. Although velocities measured by the TOPEX and Jason altimeters can differ, on the basis of the K-S test the velocities are statistically equivalent during the ∼200 day period when the satellites followed the same orbit. Full records from TOPEX, Poseidon, and Jason show less agreement, which can be attributed to temporal variability in ocean surface velocities and differing levels of measurement noise. 相似文献
14.
On the basis of time series measurements of winds, currents, temperature and salinity from equatorial current meter mooring and acoustic Doppler current profiler during the PRC/USA joint air-sea interaction studies in the western tropical Pacifc Ocean and sea level data provided by Prof.Wyrtki, analyses are made of the physical process and mechanism for the exceptionally inverse phenomenon (westward) of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) in the western tropical Pacific after entering the mature stage of 1986/1987 ENSO event, and the numerical simulation is also conducted by "cross section" model.The results indicate that the inversion of the EUC is related to that of pressure gradient force near the equator under the influence of non-local permanent westerlies. 相似文献
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SARAH T. GILLE 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):47-57
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test is used to compare probability density functions (PDFs) of geostrophic velocities measured by the TOPEX, Poseidon, and Jason altimeters. Velocity PDFs are computed in 2.5° by 2.5° boxes for regions equatorward of 60° latitude. Although velocities measured by the TOPEX and Jason altimeters can differ, on the basis of the K-S test the velocities are statistically equivalent during the ～200 day period when the satellites followed the same orbit. Full records from TOPEX, Poseidon, and Jason show less agreement, which can be attributed to temporal variability in ocean surface velocities and differing levels of measurement noise. 相似文献
16.
南海海面高度季节变化的数值模拟 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
比较POM模式模拟与观测(TOPEX/Poseidon高度计资料)的南海海面高度(SSH)的季节变化在空间分布上的一致性和差异.结果表明:本文使用的POM模式能较好地模拟南海SSH的季节变化;冬季与夏季,春季与秋季南海海面异常场形式完全相反,冬季Ekman输运造成在西海岸的堆积要比夏季在东海岸堆积更明显,而吕宋冷涡中心附近和吕宋海峡海面季节变化振幅最大;除春季以外,在南海绝大部分海域,海面高度的季节变化主要受风力的控制,南海海面热量通量对SSH的季节变化贡献约为20%,风应力对SSH的季节变化的贡献约为80%. 相似文献
17.
运用调和分析方法分离卫星高度计资料中的潮汐信息 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
针对TOPEX／POSEIDON卫星高度计资料中的潮汐高频混淆现象，采用潮汐调和分析方法，通过比较卫星上、下行轨道交叉点两组资料分析的分潮振幅和分离潮汐后的海面高度；同时比较潮位站实测资料与遥感资料分析的分潮振幅，结果表明：采用潮汐调和分析可以有效地分离高度计资料中的潮汐信息。 相似文献
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S. Calmant K. Cheng G. Jan C. Kuo C. Shum Y. Yi V. Ballu M. -N. Bouin 《Marine Geodesy》2004,27(3):597-613
A bottom pressure gauge (BPG) was installed in proximity (3.7 km at closest approach) of Jason-1 and formerly TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) ground track No. 238 at the Wusi site, located ∼ 10 km offshore off the west coast of Santo Island, Vanuatu, Southwest (SW) Pacific. Sea level variations are inferred from the bottom pressure, seawater temperature, and salinity, corrected for the measured surface atmospheric pressure. The expansion of the water column (steric increase in sea surface height, SSH) due to temperature and salinity changes is approximated by the equation of state. We compare time series of SSH derived from T/P Side B altimeter Geophysical Data Records (GDR) and Jason-1 Interim Geophysical Data Records (IGDR), with the gauge-inferred sea level variations. Since altimeter SSH is a geocentric measurement, whereas the gauge-inferred observation is a relative sea level measurement, SSH comparison is conducted with the means of both series removed in this study. In addition, high-rate (1-Hz) bottom pressure implied wave heights (H1/3) are compared with the significant wave height (SWH) measured by Jason-1. Noticeable discrepancy is found in this comparison for high waves, however the differences do not contribute significantly to the difference in sea level variations observed between the altimeter and the pressure gauge. In situ atmospheric pressure measurements are also used to verify the inverse barometer (IB) and the dry troposphere corrections (DTC) used in the Jason IGDR. We observe a bias between the IGDR corrections and those derived from the local sensors. Standard deviations of the sea level differences between T/P and BPG is 52 mm and is 48 mm between Jason and BPG, indicating that both altimeters have similar performance at the Wusi site and that it is feasible to conduct long-term monitoring of altimetry at such a site. 相似文献
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The location of the GAVDOS facility is under a crossing point of the original ground-tracks of TOPEX/Poseidon and the present ones for Jason-1, and adjacent to an ENVISAT pass, about 50 km south of Crete, Greece. Ground observations and altimetry comparisons over cycles 70 to 90, indicate that a preliminary estimate of the absolute measurement bias for the Jason-1 altimeter is 144.7 ± 15 mm. Comparison of Jason microwave radiometer data from cycles 37 and 62, with locally collected water vapor radiometer and solar spectrometer observations indicate a 1-2 mm agreement. 相似文献