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针对煤层回采工作面顶板涌水量超前预测精度低,预测结果的时间空间概念不清,对生产实际的指导性不强等问题,从煤层回采的时空变化和地下水流演化过程入手,从理论上分析了以大井法、廊道法为代表的解析法预测工作面顶板涌水量存在的主要问题,提出了浅埋煤层回采过程中顶板含水层充水水量由脉动式静储水量释放与渐增式动态补给水量共同组成,并给出了随矿井采掘过程进行的渐进式矿井涌水量时空动态预测方法,不仅计算了全矿井涌水量的大小,也给出了涌水量的时间变化过程和空间分布特征。大大提高了预测结果的精度,对生产有实际指导意义。结合一实际矿井的采掘规划与生产接续计划,引进了新增水量、干扰水量及残余水量的概念,计算预测了矿井2011年-2015年生产过程中矿井涌水量及其动态变化过程。 相似文献
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以徐州东部废弃矿井为例,太原组灰岩含水层为研究对象,通过建立废弃矿井地区地下水流系统模型,运用数值模拟技术对区域地下水流场演变过程进行研究,揭示矿井废弃地区地下水流场演化的一般规律为:煤矿关闭前,为满足生产生活需要,矿井进行大量排水、抽水工作,矿区形成若干降落漏斗,如位于矿区西部的青山泉煤矿和北部的韩桥煤矿内均存在大面积降落漏斗,中心水位低于-25 m。受水力梯度影响,地下水向低洼的矿坑处汇集,原生地下水流系统遭到破坏。矿井闭坑后,原有排水系统全部停止工作,地下水位缓慢回升,降落漏斗逐渐减小,根据模型模拟结果,发现水位回升速度随矿井关闭时间的增加而减慢:在矿井关闭第1年内,水位回升速度较大,为1.14 m/a;关闭第3年时,水位回升速度减少至0.165 m/a;矿井关闭10年时,地下水最高水位为-16.55 m,从关闭第3年至第10年的7年时间内,水位回升速度仅0.039 m/a,矿区地下水流系统得到恢复,模拟区最终形成自北向南的近似稳定的地下水径流场。 相似文献
3.
《水文地质工程地质》2017,(2)
以徐州东部废弃矿井为例,太原组灰岩含水层为研究对象,通过建立废弃矿井地区地下水流系统模型,运用数值模拟技术对区域地下水流场演变过程进行研究,揭示矿井废弃地区地下水流场演化的一般规律为:煤矿关闭前,为满足生产生活需要,矿井进行大量排水、抽水工作,矿区形成若干降落漏斗,如位于矿区西部的青山泉煤矿和北部的韩桥煤矿内均存在大面积降落漏斗,中心水位低于-25 m。受水力梯度影响,地下水向低洼的矿坑处汇集,原生地下水流系统遭到破坏。矿井闭坑后,原有排水系统全部停止工作,地下水位缓慢回升,降落漏斗逐渐减小,根据模型模拟结果,发现水位回升速度随矿井关闭时间的增加而减慢:在矿井关闭第1年内,水位回升速度较大,为1.14 m/a;关闭第3年时,水位回升速度减少至0.165 m/a;矿井关闭10年时,地下水最高水位为-16.55 m,从关闭第3年至第10年的7年时间内,水位回升速度仅0.039 m/a,矿区地下水流系统得到恢复,模拟区最终形成自北向南的近似稳定的地下水径流场。 相似文献
4.
废弃矿井充水问题及其研究和治理方法——以美国匹兹堡煤田为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以美国匹兹堡煤田为例,介绍了废弃矿井地下水回充、相邻矿井水连通和自流排泄出地表,以致造成河水污染,生产矿井涌水量增加,甚至导致生产矿井水害事故等问题。强调应基于GIS和GPS等技术对这类矿区进行水文地质填图,设立长期水位水质观测站,并有针对性的设置矿井水处理厂。针对我国废弃矿井充水问题提出了建议。 相似文献
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焦作矿区双重介质裂隙网络渗流与渗流模型研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
焦作矿区矿井水害严重,位于煤层底板下的石炭系薄层灰岩中的第八、第二层,以及奥系灰岩岩溶含水层是矿井主要充水水源。裂隙是矿区岩溶水渗流的主要通道,裂隙介质的不均匀性、各向异性、不连续性等特征非常明显,且不同规模的裂隙对岩溶水渗流的贡献不同。根据裂隙介质对岩溶水渗流所起的作用,对那些控制矿区岩溶水渗流分布且起主导渗透作用的巨型和大型裂隙建立非连续介质裂隙网络三维渗流模型;对大型和巨型裂隙之间的裂隙岩块建立连续介质渗透张量模型,两模型耦合在一起组成双重介质裂隙网络三维渗流模型。该模型能较好地刻画矿区岩溶水渗流和突水特征 相似文献
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矿井采煤对地下水环境的影响主要为对具有供水意义的含水层水位及水量产生影响,确定采煤引起地下水水位降及漏失量是煤矿地下水环境影响评价的关键。以纳林河矿区某大型矿井为例,运用Visual MODFLOW建立模拟区地下水流数值模型,利用实测流场和长观孔的动态观测资料识别和验证数值模型,利用模型来预测采煤对第四系-白垩系含水层水位及水量的影响。模拟结果显示:前25年采煤引起地下水最大水位降为3.6 m,引起地下水的漏失量最大为141.87万m^3/a,占矿井涌水量的29.88%;利用矿化度法确定的越流量占矿井涌水量的6.39%~34.89%,模拟结果基本合理,可作为矿井采煤对地下水环境影响的研究依据。 相似文献
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基于MODFLOW的岩溶管道水流模拟方法探讨与应用 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
针对岩溶管道水流特征,选取广西寨底岩溶流域为研究对象,分别采用三维有限差分地下水流动模型(MODFLOW)中的Drain和River模块概化模拟岩溶管道特征,结合管道内上游、中游及下游三个观测孔对比分析两种方法的适用性,结果表明:末期等水位线图中位于管道两侧处流线均有形状突变,符合实际管道水流动态特征,且能模拟出管道内水位变化趋势。最后分析两种方法模拟管道水流的原理,Drain模块中岩溶管道仅起排水作用,不允许管道内水流流向周围含水层,而River模块允许岩溶管道水与周围含水层水流交换,因而相对Drain模块而言,应用River模块概化模拟岩溶管道更加精确。 相似文献
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矿井涌水量预测预报是矿井开采过程中防治水害的重要环节。应用小波多尺度理论对工作面涌水量、自然电位及直接充水含水层水位进行研究,揭示其规律性,以解决涌水量估计问题。通过对三类数据进行小波分解与重构发现,第二层低频重构信号与三者之间具有规律性:水位下降引起自然电位升高,导致涌水量增大;水位回升、自然电位减低时,对应工作面涌水量减小。分析结果表明,第二层高频重构细节信息表现为高水位(小降深)、低电位(电性差异小)对应小涌水量和低水位(大降深)、高电位(电性差异大)对应大涌水量。 相似文献
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Shen Qu Guangcai Wang Zheming Shi Qingyu Xu Yuying Guo Luan Ma Yizhi Sheng 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(5):1443-1453
With depleted coal resources or deteriorating mining geological conditions, some coal mines have been abandoned in the Fengfeng mining district, China. Water that accumulates in an abandoned underground mine (goaf water) may be a hazard to neighboring mines and impact the groundwater environment. Groundwater samples at three abandoned mines (Yi, Er and Quantou mines) in the Fengfeng mining district and the underlying Ordovician limestone aquifer were collected to characterize their chemical and isotopic compositions and identify the sources of the mine water. The water was HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg type in Er mine and the auxiliary shaft of Yi mine, and HCO3·SO4-Na type in the main shaft of Quantou mine. The isotopic compositions (δD and δ18O) of water in the three abandoned mines were close to that of Ordovician limestone groundwater. Faults in the abandoned mines were developmental, possibly facilitating inflows of groundwater from the underlying Ordovician limestone aquifers into the coal mines. Although the Sr2+ concentrations differed considerably, the ratios of Sr2+/Ca2+ and 87Sr/86Sr and the 34S content of SO42? were similar for all three mine waters and Ordovician limestone groundwater, indicating that a close hydraulic connection may exist. Geochemical and isotopic indicators suggest that (1) the mine waters may originate mainly from the Ordovician limestone groundwater inflows, and (2) the upward hydraulic gradient in the limestone aquifer may prevent its contamination by the overlying abandoned mine water. The results of this study could be useful for water resources management in this area and other similar mining areas. 相似文献
12.
Effects of historical mining activities on surface water and groundwater - an example from northwest Arizona 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
Ulrike Rösner 《Environmental Geology》1998,33(4):224-230
The focus of this research was to determine the impact of abandoned mines on surface water and groundwater in the historical
mining districts of the Cerbat Mountains, Arizona. The surface water in the mining areas was found to be contaminated by various
combinations and concentrations of heavy metals. Elevated arsenic, cadmium, and iron concentrations were detected in most
surface-water samples, while lead, copper, and zinc contamination differed from region to region, depending on the ore mined.
The groundwater was seriously polluted by arsenic, cadmium, lead, zinc, iron, and manganese in the immediate vicinity of mines
that processed ore on the site, such as the Tennessee Mine near Chloride. Chloride's groundwater, however, showed no evidence
of contamination. Three possible explanations are discussed: immobilization of the heavy metals in the soil by chemical reactions
and adsorption, dilution effects due to the rainy season in spring, or the existence of different groundwater systems.
Received: 17 September 1996 · Accepted: 14 May 1997 相似文献
13.
Simulation of groundwater level recovery in abandoned mines,Fengfeng coalfield,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 MA Luan WANG Guang-cai SHI Zhe-ming GUO Yu-ying XU Qing-yu HUANG Xu-juan 《地下水科学与工程》2016,4(4):344-353
Abandoned mines are of high potential risk as they could be a large underground storage of pollutants(heavy metals and organic wastes, etc.). Various physical, chemical and biological reactions would take place when groundwater flows into underground spaces, which makes abandoned mine a huge potential hazard to groundwater environment. The recovery of groundwater level is one of the key elements controlling the reactions and causing such hazards. This paper simulated groundwater level recovery processes in the abandoned mines, Fengfeng coalfield by using the computer program FEFLOW. The paper integrated the pipe flow model, "three zones" model and groundwater inrush(discharge) model in the simulation of groundwater in the complex laneway-aquifer system. Groundwater flow in the laneway systems was considered pipe flow and described in Bernoulli equation. The water-bearing medium(coal seam roof) overlying the laneway systems was divided into "three zones" composed of the caving zone, fissure zone and bending zone based on the disruption degrees of previous mining. Groundwater in the Ordovician limestone aquifer(bottom of coal seam) flowing into laneway systems was considered a major inrush/recharge source, and its flow rate was calculated by an inrush(discharge) model which was newly developed in this study and incorporated into FEFLOW. The results showed that it would take approximately 95 days for groundwater in abandoned mines to recover to regional groundwater level elevation, and the total amount of water filling up would be about 1.41195×10~7 m~3, which is consistent with the actual data. The study could be of theoretical and practical significance to mitigate abandoned mines' hazards and improve mine groundwater utilization. 相似文献
14.
Environmental impact of the abandoned coal mines on the surface water and the groundwater quality in the south of Bochum,Germany 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Surface water and groundwater samples were collected from 20 locations, situated in the vicinity of the abandoned coal mine fields south of Bochum. The main objective of this research is to assess the environmental impacts of these mines on the surface water and groundwater quality as well as to determine the factors controlling these impacts. The water samples were collected from stream sources, groundwater, surface water and engineered channels during April 2011. Physicochemical parameters were measured during fieldwork. Water samples were analysed for major ions and aluminium, iron, manganese, ferrous iron, zinc and hydrogen sulphide. The hydrochemistry of the surface water and the groundwater of this area is characterized by near-neutral to alkaline conditions, represented by predominance of calcium bicarbonate and sometimes calcium sulphate water types. Hence, the surface water and the groundwater quality in this region is significantly affected by abandoned coal mines. These effects resulted from oxidation of iron disulphide minerals that release iron, sulphate and hydrogen. The presence of carbonate-rich materials, which contained within the landfilling materials, has led the releasing of calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate. These materials could be the main source responsible for raising the alkalinity of the affected water. The environmental hazard of the abandoned coal mines in this area is related to the high concentration of Fe especially in the groundwater that possess the highest Fe concentration compared to other water sources: the Fe is 18 times larger than the allowed value in drinking water. Significant spatial variations of the water pollution were noted in this study. For this reason, the environmental hazards of the abandoned coal mines in Germany should be considered at closure of coal mines in the near future. Otherwise, these mines will be sources of environmental threats unless all necessary measures are taken to reduce their impact. 相似文献
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黄河流域中上游矿区煤?水矛盾突出,煤炭开采对地下水环境造成一定的破坏。基于此,以鄂尔多斯盆地北部侏罗纪煤田榆神府矿区为研究区,在野外调查、数据分析、室内测试的基础上,分析研究区矿井水的量质特征,揭示煤炭高强度开采对地下水环境的影响,并开展矿井水生态利用研究。结果表明:研究区矿井富水系数在0.23~2.28,平均为0.91,评估2020年区内矿井排水量高达4.70亿m3,受采掘活动影响,浅埋煤层开采区地下水位下降趋势明显;区内矿井水出现不同程度的污染组分超标现象,主要超标指标为化学需氧量(COD)、Na+、SO4 2?、溶解性总固体(TDS),未处理的矿井水外排将会污染区内地下水环境;研究区浅层地下水超限的水质指标主要为NO3-N,与矿井水超限水质指标差别较大,反映出浅层地下水水质受采矿活动影响较小;提出矿井水浅层回灌和矿井水生态灌溉2种模式开展研究区矿井水的生态利用,矿井水回灌对矿井水中的溶解性有机碳、色度具有较好的去除效果,回灌后出水满足Ⅲ类地下水限值;浅埋煤矿矿井水具有作为矿区生态修复灌溉用水的较好潜力,中深埋煤矿和深埋煤矿矿井水不适宜作为灌溉用水。研究结果为我国西部煤矿区水资源保护和生态修复提供重要依据。 相似文献
16.
Flooded underground mines are attractive for groundwater heat pump systems, as the voids created during mining operations enhance the subsurface permeability and storage capacity, which allows the extraction of significant volumes of groundwater without requiring extensive drilling. Heat exchange at a flooded mine is, however, difficult to predict because of the complex geometry of the underground network of tunnels. A case study is presented here to demonstrate that numerical simulations of groundwater flow and heat transfer can help assess production temperatures required to optimize the design of a heat pump system that uses mine water. A 3D numerical model was developed for the Gaspé Mines located in Murdochville, Canada, where a district heating and cooling system is being studied. The underground mining tunnels and shafts are represented in the model with 1D elements whose flow and heat transfer contributions are superimposed to those of the 3D porous medium. The numerical model is calibrated to simultaneously reproduce the groundwater rebound that occurred when the mine closed and the drawdown measured during a pumping test conducted in a former mining shaft. Predictive simulations over a period of 50 years are subsequently performed to minimize pumping rate and determine maximum heat extraction rate. 相似文献
17.
矿区水文地质研究进展及中长期发展方向 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
矿区水资源保护和矿山防治水这两个互相矛盾又紧密联系的问题给传统的矿山水文地质学带来了更多的挑战和机遇,迫切需要新理论、新技术的发展。为了更好的实现矿区未来地下水资源的开采、利用与保护以及采煤安全和区域水资源可持续利用,本文选择长治盆地为重点研究区,从采动引起的覆岩移动入手,在资料分析的基础上,采用相似材料模拟、综合物探、野外监测、现场注(压)水试验的方法,运用水文地质学原理研究了采煤引起含水层结构变异厚度及其渗透性变化特征;在此基础上,以长治盆地集中开采区水文地质条件和野外监测数据为基础,建立了区域地下水流场三维动态模拟试验台,为研究含水层结构变异后的地下水循环机理和水资源重新分布提供技术支撑;本文同时指出了我国矿山水文地质研究目前存在的问题和面临的挑战,分析了矿山水文地质学科的发展趋势,展望了未来相关分支学科和关键核心技术的发展方向与前景。 相似文献
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随着我国煤炭去产能政策的有力实施,一批资源枯竭及产能落后矿井将陆续关停废弃。废弃矿井仍赋存着大量的煤层气资源,其开发利用是实现煤炭产业清洁安全高效低碳发展、促进煤矿安全生产、优化能源结构、实现温室气体减排等方面的重要举措。基于山西省煤基重点科技攻关(煤层气产业链)项目相关研究,系统阐述了废弃矿井煤层气开发面临着资源量评价不准、钻进体系不健全、井上下联合缺失等关键问题。针对这些问题提出以下几点对策:废弃矿井精准地质探测是采空区地面钻井轨迹设计的重要依据,尤其是炮采等落后采煤工艺的废弃矿井,地球物理勘探精度应达到米级才能有效降低钻遇煤柱风险;优选废弃矿井煤层气地面“L”型钻井思路,即选采空区周边一定距离的保安煤柱作为L型井位,并配套特殊钻进工艺;煤矿企业应将废弃矿井资源开发利用纳入煤矿全生命周期规划,尤其是矿井废弃前应确保煤层气抽采通道畅通,以实现煤层气井“一井多用”的新型井上下联合开采模式,提高废弃矿井煤层气开发效率;采用防回火、各种传感器等装置,并对关键参数设置自动报警停机界限值,从而使废弃矿井煤层气地面开采工艺安全、高效;对不同浓度废弃矿井煤层气,需要采取相应的梯级利用模式,从而提高整体开发利用价值。以山西省废弃矿井为示范区,研究认识对推动全国煤矿区废弃矿井煤层气开发利用具有重要的指导和示范意义。 相似文献