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为解决海流计在实际应用中存在的部分专业术语不规范、译名不统一和归类有差异等问题,促进海洋观测仪器的发展和应用,文章参照相关标准规范、权威专著和专业文献等资料,根据海流计的工作原理和使用性质,结合业界实践经验,系统梳理各类型海流计的命名、分类、适用范围、特点和发展方向等内容。研究结果表明：海流计可定义为“一种用于测量海水流速和流向的仪器”,根据工作原理主要分为机械式海流计、电磁海流计、声学海流计和其他海流计4个大类,不同类型的海流计各具特性;其中,机械式海流计主要包括厄克曼海流计、印刷海流计、照相型海流计、磁录式海流计、遥测海流计和直读式海流计,电磁海流计主要包括地磁场电磁海流计和人造磁场电磁海流计,声学海流计主要包括声学多普勒流速剖面仪、声学多普勒海流单点测量仪、声学多普勒流速仪和时差式声学海流计,其他海流计主要包括激光多普勒测速仪、电阻式海流计、应变片海流计、倾斜式海流计、粒子图像测速仪和海洋湍流剖面仪。 相似文献
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英国Valeport有限公司研制出可满足海洋学家、水文学和测量员需要的旋桨式海流计.108MKⅢ型和308型海流计是Valeport测量仪300系列中的一部分,它们使用了被证实的工业标准传感器,为提供增加深度能力这两种型号的海流计现用钛和聚合物制造. 相似文献
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河口海岸测流仪器比测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对直读式海流计、ENDECO海流计和ADP测流结果的对比分析表明,ENDECO所测流速比直读式海流计偏小约4.2%,流向偏小2.4%;ADP测得的流速比直读式海流计偏大6.1%,流向偏大3.6%,但ADP测量数据更稳定;由三种仪器测得的涨落潮平均流速相对偏差均在10%左右。三种仪器的观测数据可比性强,同时使用时完全能够相互对比分析。流速小于30 cm/s时,由于仪器的摩擦阻力作用,直读式海流计精度变低;流速大于30 cm/s时,三种仪器测得的结果相差较小。与直读式海流计和ADP相比,ENDECO海流计对流向变化较敏感。 相似文献
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简述了循环水槽的结构和技术指标，论述了循环水槽的技术指标能满足检定ＲＣＭ４安德第流计流速传感器的技术要求。检定资料的采集和检定数据的处理方法，最后对使用中的ＲＣＭ４海流计流速传感器检定和循环水槽的性能改造提出了几点建议。 相似文献
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美国InterOcean公司1983年研制成功一种型的海流计——S_4球形固态传感器海流计。这种海流计的外形是一个球形,采用微处理机控制,在任何情况下都能记取数据,具有较高的精确度和良好的可靠性。S_4的球形壳体由高强度的环氧树脂玻璃钢制成,支撑轴采用钛材,这两种材料都耐海水和生物腐蚀。壳体表面的径线方向呈沟槽状,具有稳定的流体动力学特性和较好的流线性。流速传感器由两对钛电极组成,它们对称地安装在壳体的四周。当海水流过仪器时产生电磁场,即产生一个正比于流速大小的电压,这个电压被钛电极所感应。流向的 相似文献
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近年来,海洋物理学调查十分重视敷设小型浮标来获取海洋中、长期海流资料。 我国现行浮标测流所用的海流测量仪器主要是国产HLJ1—1型印刷海流计、进口的萨瓦纽斯转子海流计和安德拉记录海流计。对于后两种海流计,在锚定浮标系统中尚可直接与锚定缆串联;对于前者则要用一种平衡浮子相配套的三角架(如图1所示)。 相似文献
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A flexible configuration for an array of sensors has been developed for measurements in energetic regions of the ocean where the flow has high spatial and temporal variability. Central to the system is a two-axis electromagnetic current meter that measures the flow through a ducted volume containing a uniform magnetic field and nonprotruding electrodes flush with the duct surfaces. This geometry minimizes the electrode boundary-layer effect on the output, thus improving calibration and reducing fouling and damage potential. An inexpensive amplifier designed for low signal-to-noise ratios is employed to produce very low zero drift during operation 相似文献
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鉴于数字信号处理技术的广泛应用,数字滤波技术的诸多优点,电磁测流方法的信号微弱性,介绍了数字滤波技术在电磁海流计中的应用实例,并给出了信号分析的相关图形。 相似文献
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The performance of various directional instruments for practical oceanographic and coastal engineering applications is examined. The emphasis is put on the application of conventional current meters equipped with high resolution pressure sensors and three element arrays. Two simulation techniques have been used to produce input data with known frequency spectrum and known directional spreading. The directional spreading is determined by the maximum likelihood method and the resulting spreading is compared with the input spreading. The performance of a conventional current meter equipped with a high resolution pressure sensor depends on the width of the directional spreading of surface waves and on the frequencies under consideration. Even for very narrow directional spreading, the current meter response is acceptable for practical applications and for shallow water deployment. In general, the current meter directional response does not depend on the direction of the incident waves. The spatial array of three wave staffs deployed in shallow water shows a similar performance to that of the current meters when the dimension of the spatial array is of the order of 1 m. This performance also does not depend on the direction of the incident waves. 相似文献
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"波浪与海流测量仪器测试装置"依靠机械传动机构带动传感器作相对运动,模拟"波浪"和"海流"测量状态。测试装置为实现实验室内进行声学测波仪和声学矢量海流计的调机、考机、检测增添了有效可靠的技术手段。 相似文献
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P. G. Collar 《Ocean Engineering》1978,5(3):181-196
The measurement of near-surface current in the open sea presents difficult problems, of both sensor design and mooring in the surface wave field. However, knowledge of such currents is of considerable importance in research and offshore engineering. Consequently the development of an acoustic surface current meter has received particular attention within an experimental data buoy project which has been undertaken in the United Kingdom (DB1 Project). The development of any new sensor is necessarily followed by a thorough analysis of its performance, and it is this aspect to which this paper is devoted. The first part describes an experiment in which the displacements of drifting floats, tracked acoustically, were compared with the integrated output from the acoustic current meter: also a comparison with a buoy-mounted electromagnetic sensor. The extent of agreement between these different techniques is examined.A subsequent part discusses some longer term aspects of the performance of the current meter, which has operated almost continuously for 18 months at a test site close to the east coast of England. 相似文献
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Grosskopf W. Aubrey D. Mattie M. Mathiesen M. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1983,8(4):254-271
Five measurement strategies (four in situ, one remote) for estimating directional wave spectra were intercompared in a 1980 experiment at the Coastal Engineering Research Center's Field Research Facility in Duck, NC. The systems included two pressure sensor/biaxial current meter combinations (different manufacturers), a triaxial acoustic current meter, an SXY gauge (square array of four pressure sensors), and a shore-based imaging radar. A detailed error analysis suggests sources for differences in estimated wave spectra from the different instruments; in general, they intercompare favorably. The major deviation among in situ gauges was associated with the triaxial acoustic current meter. Reliance on a vertical velocity measurement (instead of a direct pressure or sea-surface elevation measurement) can contribute additional uncertainty in directional spectral estimates. The imaging radar was successful in distinguishing multiple wave trains at the same frequency, which was not possible with the simple spectral estimation analysis applied to in situ data. However, the radar is not useful in providing accurate estimates of spectral density, nor in distinguishing multiple wave trains of different frequencies coming from the same direction. Selection of a measurement strategy for a particular need depends on the precise data requirements for that application. Although the five tested intercompared well, in practice not all are equally suitable for every application. 相似文献
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Irish J.D. Morey K.E. Needell G.J. Wood J.D. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1991,16(4):319-328
To measure oceanographic parameters such as currents, temperature, conductivity, pressure, and suspended sediment concentrations, two film-recording current meters were upgraded with microprocessor-controlled data recorders and additional sensors. Two telemetry links relay data and allow the in situ operation of the remote instrument to be checked. In one configuration, the bottom-mounted current meter communicated by a 35-m-long wire to a small surface spar buoy, and then by a packet radio link to a nearby ship. In another development, the current meter relays data to a controller and buoyant data capsule on the bottom instrument package. The controller collects and processes the data from the current meter and periodically transfers these processed data to a data capsule and releases it. When released, the capsule rises to the surface and transmits its data to shore via the ARGOS satellite, while acting as a satellite tracked drifter 相似文献
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Fine sediment resuspension dynamics in a large semi-enclosed bay 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A field study was conducted to investigate fine sediment resuspension dynamics in Moreton Bay, a large semi-enclosed bay situated in South East Queensland, Australia. One S4ADW current meter and three OBS sensors were used to collect the field data on tides, mean currents, waves and suspended sediment concentrations in a mean water depth of 6.1 m for about 3 weeks. Two small cleaning units were specially designed to automatically clean the OBS sensors several times every hour to avoid biological growth on the OBS sensors. Based on the collected field data, the main driving force for fine sediment resuspension is found to be the storm wind-waves generated locally in the Bay, not the tidal current or penetrated ocean swell. The critical wind-wave orbital velocity for sediment resuspension was determined to be Urms=7 cm/s and the critical bed shear stress τcr=0.083–0.095 Pa at this study site. 相似文献
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In this paper a modified electromagnetic current meter (ECM) is presented which, in contrast to the old model, permits us to perform continuous measurements of the velocity field and to acquire the data immediately in a vector form at one direction of towing of the device. To prove that the new current meter can be produced, the relationship between the recorded electric signal and the velocity field, with two transducers being towed across the areas of variable currents, is examined. Analysis of the errors allows a deduction regarding possible utilization of the modified ECM to study the horizontal variability of the current velocity field practically without any restrictions in the deep sea and with some restrictions in the continental shelf zone.Translated by V. Puchkin. 相似文献
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潮间带水沙多层位同步测量系统应用的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用水压、光电转换原理研制成的多层位水沙同步测量系统(WCT系统)不仅可测量潮间带水位随时间的变化系列、同一层位的浊度及流速，还可以同步观测这些参数在潮间带水流剖面不同层位上的变化。野外对比试验表明，WCT系统获得的流速值与直读式流速仪的测量结果基本一致，平均相对误差为14．52％；悬沙传感器经野外现场率定获得悬沙浓度，平均相对误差为21．96％，精度比室内率定提高—倍以上。悬沙粒径是影响悬沙浓度测量精度的主要因素。此外，自然环境(如海水温盐度)的变化及仪器本身的特性也可能影响到测量结果。因此，WCT系统在潮间带的水位、流速和悬沙浓度的观测和边界层研究方面有相当潜力。 相似文献