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中国环境-健康区域综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of the study was to assess the environment-health development in different regions of China. 175 indicators, such as average life expectancy at birth, emission intensity of waste gas, GDP etc. were chosen to describe various aspects of the environment, health and development of China. Of all the indicators, life expectancy can sufficiently reflect health situation of population. Consequently,life expectancy was identified as key indicator, and 42 out of 175 indicators were selected for establishing the environment-health indicator fiamework with three grades of integrative indices to assess the development of environment-health of China. Based on the hierarchical relation between various grades of indices, the comprehensive environment-health index was calculated and contributed to classify the environment-health situation of 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China which were divided into five grades by four predefmed limits. Comprehensive assessment indicates that the environment-health situation of the eastern and coastal areas is superior to that of inland which is the western regions with underdeveloped economy and rigorous natural condition.Especially, the Qinghai-Tibet and Yunnan-Guizhou plateaus in southwestern China are most vulnerable in the environment and population health. These fit in with the pattern of national socio-economic development, which fully shows that socio-economic context plays a dominant role in the improvement of environment-health in China. 相似文献
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大桂林旅游资源开发研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
旅游资源是一个地区旅游业发展的重要基础，尤其是对桂林这样一个资源驱动型的旅游地来说，旅游资源开发利用与合理保护直接到其旅游业发展的兴衰。文章在对大桂林旅游资源的实地考察和文献分析基础上，首先对桂林市旅游资源的开发利用现状进行评价，并对桂林资源的区际比较优势与劣势进行了分析，接着找出了其在开发利用与保护过程中存在的问题，最后针对发现的问题提出相应的对策建议。 相似文献
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Martin Connors Alan R. Hildebrand Mark Pilkington Carlos Ortiz-Aleman Rene E. Chavez Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi Eduardo Graniel-Castro Alfredo Camara-Zi Juan Vasquez John F. Halpenny 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,127(3):F11-F14
The buried Chicxulub impact structure is marked by a dramatic ring of sinkholes (called cenotes if containing water), and adjacent less prominent partial rings, which have been shown to coincide with maxima in horizontal gravity gradients and a topographic depression. These observations, along with the discreteness and spacing of the features, suggest a formation mechanism involving faulting in the outer slump zone of the crater, which would thus have a diameter of approximately 180 km.
An opposing view, based primarily on the interpretation of gravity data, is that (he crater is much larger than the cenote ring implies. Given the association of the known cenote ring with faults, we here examine northern Yucatan for similar rings in gravity, surface features and elevation, which we might expect to be associated with outer concentric faults in the case of a larger, possibly multiring, structure.
No such outer rings have been found, although definite patterns are seen in the distribution of karst features outside the crater rim. We explain these patterns as resulting mainly from deformation related to the block fault zone that parallels tbe shelf edge of eastern Yucatan. 相似文献
An opposing view, based primarily on the interpretation of gravity data, is that (he crater is much larger than the cenote ring implies. Given the association of the known cenote ring with faults, we here examine northern Yucatan for similar rings in gravity, surface features and elevation, which we might expect to be associated with outer concentric faults in the case of a larger, possibly multiring, structure.
No such outer rings have been found, although definite patterns are seen in the distribution of karst features outside the crater rim. We explain these patterns as resulting mainly from deformation related to the block fault zone that parallels tbe shelf edge of eastern Yucatan. 相似文献
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超干处理与保存温度对黄花补血草种子的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用室温硅胶干燥法超干处理黄花补血草(Limonium aureum）种子,将种子含水量由8.92%分别降至 4.67%、3.54%、2.88%和 1.24%,在室温和5 ℃条件下保存12个月后,测定不同含水量超干种子经缓湿处理后的活力指标变化。试验结果表明:适度超干处理的黄花补血草种子在发芽率、发芽指数及活力指数等几项指标上均高于未超干处理的对照种子,不同含水量的超干种子相对电导率低于对照,脱氢酶活性高于对照,丙二醛含量也低于对照处理种子。在试验中种子含水量不低于3.54%时,超干处理对种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数没有影响。通过对电导率、脱氢酶活性和丙二醛含量的研究表明,适度超干处理对种子细胞膜的完整性没有破坏,相反,可以使黄花补血草种子保持较高的活力,因此,利用超干技术保存黄花补血草种子是一种较为理想的种子保存方法。 相似文献
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人类产业活动对湿地环境影响很大。产业的大规模、高强度活动对脆弱的湿地生态环境产生了诸多不利影响,导致湿地环境的水文条件发生改变、水质遭到污染、湿地面积萎缩、湿地景观破碎化、动植物减少,并最终导致湿地环境的退化。通过综述产业活动对湿地环境的影响路径,从产业规模、产业布局、产业结构等方面总结了产业活动对湿地环境的影响及其动力机制,总结分析了湿地环境和产业活动两者协调发展的途径,提出了未来产业活动与湿地环境保护研究的重点。 相似文献
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《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(5-6):212-227
Skandina Vien anses ej innehålla några större sammanhängande omröden av ständigt frusen mark. Den södra begränsningen av samman-hängande tundra lämnar den eurasiatiska kontinenten innan gränsen når Skandinavien och blir först åter registrerad på andra sidan Norska havet vid den östgrönländska kusten (enligt Black 1954). Begränsade områden av ständigt frusen mark uppträder emellertid i nordligaste Skandinavien. 相似文献
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The Holocence paleolimnology of Lake Sämbosjön is described using geochemical and diatom analyses. The objective of this study is the reconstruction of major changes in trophic state and productivity, and to interpret the major causative processes. The accumulation of organic matter indicates a relatively high productivity in early Holocene, and the diatom analysis indicates a relatively high trophic state and pH. A succeeding decrease in productivity and trophic state and lowering in pH is recorded from about 8000 BP. If lake development had been primarily edaphically conditioned, viz. determined by nutrient supply from catchment soils, such a progressive oligotrophication would represent the common development of temperate lakes. Between about 6000 BP and 4000 BP Lake Sämbosjön was characterized by relatively stable productivity and pH. From about 4000 BP the analyses reveal an increase again in trophic state, productivity, and in pH. This eutrophication, which continued throughout the late Holocene, was caused by an exceptionally strong human influence on the catchment of Lake Sämbosjön. The increased supply of nutrients from cleared and deforested catchment soils changed the trophic state and provided the basis for increased lake productivity. 相似文献
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Summary. A microplate is modelled as an elastic plate with two long strike-slip boundaries, lying over a Maxwell-type viscoelastic asthenosphere. The microplate is subjected to a constant and uniform shear strain rate by the opposite motions of two adjoining larger plates. After the occurrence of an earthquake at one of the microplate boundaries, the time evolution of shear stress at the other boundary is studied. It is found that stress build-up at the second boundary is delayed due to stress diffusion governed by the asthenosphere relaxation. Earthquake occurrence at this latter boundary would be delayed depending upon both the microplate width and the ratio between the Maxwell relaxation time of the asthenosphere and a characteristic time required for tectonic strain to recover rupture conditions. It turns out that the parameters which determine the occurrence of seismic activity along the microplate boundaries are more strictly constrained in the presence of a viscoelastic asthenosphere than in the case of an elastic half-pace model. 相似文献
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Alejandro Velzquez Eva M. Cu-Br Alejandra Larrazbal Neyra Sosa Jos Luis Villaseor Michael McCall Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2009,29(4):513-526
Michoacán, as one of the most species-rich provinces of Mexico and with high levels of endemism, was used for testing the potential of a conservation approach based on biodiversity as determined by scientists and local stakeholder's preferences. The resulting zones covered over 17% of the area of Michoacán in 18 zones. As a result of this study the first “large” tropical dry forest biosphere reserve in Mexico is currently being established. In conclusion, landscape-based conservation zoning based on local stakeholders' perspectives as well as on critical biodiversity indicators, proved to be effective for achieving science-based and politically acceptable nature conservation schemes. 相似文献
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Diana Gabriela Lope-Alzina 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2007,28(1):21-38
This paper examines the influence of gender relations and gendered domains on maize and squash varietal selection in a village in Yucatán State, southeast Mexico. Results of the exploratory study indicate that the traditional production spaces of homegardens and agricultural fields are complementary gendered domains of varietal maintenance for both crops although with different cropping patterns, while a 'new' space, of land allocated to some families for future residential construction ( terreno ) is in the meantime a jointly worked agricultural domain. Women's labour, knowledge and preferences predominate in post-harvest processes. Fieldwork revealed that neither men nor women are independent decision-makers, planning what to grow, where and in what amounts, but that in most aspects of farming the interests of both are accommodated within the household's production spaces. 相似文献
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科尔沁沙质草地植物群落的放牧退化及其自然恢复过程 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
为了了解不同放牧强度对我国北方沙质草地的影响及其封禁停牧后草地植被的自然恢复过程,我们于1992—2006年在科尔沁沙地开展了草地放牧和封育试验,分析研究了人类放牧活动对草地植被的影响,比较了不同程度退化草地恢复速度及其所受气候变化影响。研究结果表明:①在科尔沁沙地,随着放牧强度的增加,草地植被受放牧影响的程度会加重,但只有持续重牧才会导致植被的严重退化,而且持续重牧对植被盖度、高度和草地生产力的危害程度要大于对物种丰富度和多样性的危害程度;中度放牧可以导致植被盖度、高度、生物量的轻度下降,但对物种丰富度、多样性没有不良影响;对于退化草地而言,持续轻牧可促进植被的有效恢复;②封禁停牧以后,草地原受干扰程度不同,其恢复的相对速度也不同,表现为原草地退化越严重,其恢复速度相对越快,而且是植被高度、盖度、生物量的恢复速度要大于物种丰富度、多样性和频度的恢复速度;③草地植被的恢复演替明显受到气候变化的影响,暖湿气候有利于植被的恢复,暖干气候对于植被的恢复不利。 相似文献
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Davis二倍数规律与Zipf三参数模型的等价性证明——关于城市规模分布法则的一个理论探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文从城市规模分布的Ｄａｖｉｓ 二倍数规律（２ｎ 规律：ａｉ＝ ａｉ＋ ｎ·２ｎ,ｆｉ＝ ｆｉ＋ ｎ·２－ ｎ）中推导出具有一般意义的三参数Ｚｉｐｆ模型：Ｐ（ｒ）＝ Ｃ（ｒ－ α）－ ｄｚ,揭示了２ｎ 规律隐含的分形几何性质, 论证了２ｎ 法则为Ｚｉｐｆ维数ｄｚ＝ １ 时的特殊情形, 并将２ｎ 规律推广到具有普遍意义的δｎ 规律, 给出了Ｚｉｐｆ维数及分维与邻级倍数δ的数值关系：ｄｚ＝ １／Ｄ＝ ｌｎ２／ｌｎδ。最后从三个方面对文中的理论成果进行了实证分析。 相似文献
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Recent changes in the cultural and forest landscapes of the Meseta Purépecha in Michoacán, Mexico as a result of forest degradation underscore the complexity of forest change processes in the tropical highlands of Latin America. Differences in community perception and forest structure and composition between the furniture-making and lumber-producing towns of Pichátaro and Sevina, Purépechan indigenous communities located amidst pine forests on Michoacán's volcanic plateau illustrate the dynamics of this process. We base our comparisons on interviews and field measures of forest structure. Our results show dramatic changes in the forests and cultural landscapes of both communities during the past decade. Following high regional timber exports during the early 1990s, Sevina shifted from a self-sufficient to a timber importation community. By comparison, communal forests and individual parcels in Pichátaro continue to provide wood for approximately 300 wood shops. Field data and forest stand maps confirm the perception of forest degradation in both communities. While Pichátaro has maintained a larger and more diverse forest base to date, stand structure data indicate selective harvesting has led to a shift in dominance toward the less economically desirable pine species and oak. Deforestation and degradation of Sevina and Pichátaro's community forests are symptomatic of both the Meseta Purépecha and Mexico in general. Current forest conditions in both communities justify local, regional, and national concerns regarding declining biodiversity and sustainable economies. 相似文献
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Davis二倍数规律与Zipf三参数模型的等价性证明——关于城市规模分布法则的一个理论探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文从城市规模分布的Davis 二倍数规律（2n 规律：ai= ai+ n·2n,fi= fi+ n·2- n）中推导出具有一般意义的三参数Zipf模型：P（r）= C（r- α）- dz,揭示了2n 规律隐含的分形几何性质, 论证了2n 法则为Zipf维数dz= 1 时的特殊情形, 并将2n 规律推广到具有普遍意义的δn 规律, 给出了Zipf维数及分维与邻级倍数δ的数值关系：dz= 1/D= ln2/lnδ。最后从三个方面对文中的理论成果进行了实证分析。 相似文献
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ENSO循环对中国西部祁连山区气温、降水和出山径流的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据有关水文气象台、站的观测资料,分析了El Nino事件与祁连山区气温、降水的对应关系,研究了祁连山区出山径流对EI Nino现象的响应。结果表明, EI Nino现象对祁连山区的气温、降水和径流的影响随着发生时间和地段的不同而不同。EI Nino 事件发生之年, 整个祁连山区均出现气温偏高、降水减少及径流偏枯的现象,尤以东段和中段最为明显。El Nino事件次年, 祁连山区东段和中段气温偏高、降水减少及径流偏枯的程度不如El Nino事件当年那样显著,而西段的气温、降水及径流与El Nino事件则无明显关系。 相似文献