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应用变磁法(MV)和大地电磁测深法(MT)对芬兰境内波罗的地盾的电性构造进行了研究。第一个地磁台阵揭示出了地壳的奥鲁(Oulu)导电异常,该异常由一个地壳导电带和一个导电边界组成。1983年以来,用大地电磁测深法对奥鲁异常进行了更细致的研究。对由变磁感应矢量和大地电磁测深数据提供的信息进行了比较。利用大地电磁测深资料并参考感应矢量结果,构制了奥鲁异常的一维和二维模型。在研究区域的中心,异常体(电阻率为0.5Ωm)的埋深为4-7kin。异常体的西南有一埋深为14km的地壳低阻层,而其东北在高阻的卡拉利迪(Kareli(?)dic)区内,没有地壳低阻层。 相似文献
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在青藏高原东南缘,前人使用大地电磁探测和地震学方法得出的结果都揭示了可能存在部分熔融状态的地壳流,而这种地下熔融体与周围物质的作用可能引起了地下强电流异常,进一步导致地表地磁响应.基于连续的地磁观测,发现2018年7月31日在川滇块体周边出现大范围的地磁Z分量日变化短时畸变,畸变发生后100天内发生了4次5级以上地震.为了定量研究这一现象,本文基于Biot-Savart定理和采用SVD （Singular Value Decomposition,奇异值分解）的阻尼最小二乘法对地磁日变化短时畸变数据开展反演.结果显示：（1）以大地电磁测深给出的电性模型作为初始条件,反演得到的电流强度为3700~5000 A,有效深度为25~60 km;（2）地下畸变电流的空间分布位置和深度和地下电性高导体分布一致,与前人给出的地壳流位置吻合;（3）地壳流偶然微小运动可能引起了大范围的强电流,这种短时存在的高强度电流沿高导带分布,可能是地磁日变化短时畸变的源电流;（4）推测深部地壳流的运动具有传递应力作用,参与诱发了100天内发生多次5级以上地震.对源电流进行反演的定量化工作,以地下电流的方式佐证了可能存在地壳流. 相似文献
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从地磁弯扰和急始的记录揭示出渤海西岸的昌黎-唐山地区是一个电导率异常区。根据地磁感应矢量和昌黎的大地电磁测深曲线推测,这个异常可能属于DV型CA,其走向近于东西向。一种可能的解释是:构造的南侧离地面60公里以下有一低电阻率层,电阻率约为20欧姆米;北侧可能不存在这样的低电阻率层。 相似文献
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安振昌 《地震地磁观测与研究》1984,(5)
一、前言电导率是表示地球内部物质成份与物理状态的一个重要参数。研究地壳和上地幔电导率的横向变化,可以提供与地质构造有关的信息,它对研究地球内部的温度及其分布也具有重要意义,通过对电导率的测定和研究,能使我们更好地了解地壳及上地幔的热性质。探测地球内部电导率的方法主要有三种,即经典四电极电阻率测深法、大地电磁测深法和地磁测深法。经典四电极电阻率测深法在研究大陆地质方面有特殊的意义;大地电磁测深法主要用于大陆上,近年来也用于海洋上;磁测深能够测定地壳上地幔电导率分布的横向不均匀性,也能估算导电体的深度和相应的电导率。地壳和上地幔电性结构横向不均匀性的研究程度,取决于磁力仪的疏密程度。 相似文献
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本文分析了2012年唐山4.8级地震前,震中附近出现的短期原地重现线状集中分布地磁日变化感应电流异常的时空变化特征,及其与地震、中-下地壳和上地幔高导层的关系,进一步证实了短期原地重现线状集中分布感应电流的走向与中-下地壳和上地幔高导层顶面界埋深走向一致,认为其机理可能是深部热流体的上涌导致壳幔高阻体出现带有上拱性质的拆离滑动,深部上涌的热流体和高导层内热流体侵入高导层内电阻相对较高的地区,高导层出现短时间高导电流通道,当地磁日变化感应电流扫描经过高导电流通道时,感应电流会呈线状集中分布于此,并基于趋肤效应分布于其顶面附近。由于重现异常是发生在震源下方中-下地壳和上地幔高导层的地震异常,且该异常不同于震源附近及其震源至地表的地震异常,因此对推进地震孕育与发生机理研究可能有一定作用。此外研究还发现,地震虽然主要位于重叠段的端部,但更有可能位于中-下地壳重叠段的端部,这一发现对日常震情跟踪中应用该异常确定未来地震位置有一定帮助。 相似文献
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采用远参考道和Robust技术,处理了华北地区14个地磁台站资料,得到了相干度超过0.8的地磁测深响应函数.并将其转换为大地电磁测深的响应函数,获取了105~107 s周期范围内的视电阻率和相位.应用ρ+理论对数据进行了一致性检验和反演,结果表明417km,850km深度附近可能存在电性间断面.同时采用基于一维最光滑模型的Occam反演方法得到了300~1000km范围的地幔电性结构,并与前人在其他地区的研究结果进行了对比.发现华北地区地幔过渡带的电导率在大兴安岭—太行山重力梯度带东西两侧表现不同,重力梯度带附近及西侧台站下方过渡带深度的电导率和北美的Tucson地区相当,而华北地区东部的电导率在地幔过渡带范围高出西侧约2~5倍,这很可能和太平洋板块的俯冲有关. 相似文献
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通过对西藏冈底斯地区错勤—申扎大地电磁测深剖面的研究,揭示了该地区壳幔结构特征.上地壳底界面深度大约20 km,在扎日南木错以西和当惹雍错以东地区分别发育壳幔高导层(体).高导层(体)的中心——电阻率低值区出现在20~40 km深度,其根部可追踪到上地幔.从高导层(体)的发育特征推断:错勤—申扎剖面壳幔高导层(体)是在印度板块与欧亚板块主、晚碰撞阶段地幔热流物质上涌和后碰撞阶段地壳东西向拉张作用下,导致中、下地壳岩石相继发生两期部分熔融的结果.而当惹雍错可能是一条深度可能达到上地幔的深、大断裂. 相似文献
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Paleomagnetic studies of the basalt samples of Mid-Atlantic Ridge recovered during DSDP Leg 45 and the FAMOUS Project have led to a revision of our view of the oceanic igneous crust as a recorder of geomagnetic field reversals. The discovery of several magnetic polarity reversals with depth in the crust has indicated that oceanic igneous basement should not necessarily be considered magnetized uniformly in direction, or even polarity, in a given vertical cross section. Statistical arguments, based on the ratio of the average time of crustal formation to the average length of a magnetic polarity interval, indicate that magnetic reversals with depth are to be expected in typical ocean crust, but also that this does not conflict with current theories of plate tectonics or exclude the upper layers of the crust from making a major contribution to the overlying linear magnetic anomalies. Certain ratios of average crustal formation time to average polarity interval do, however, result in an effective zero magnetization for the oceanic crust and these conditions may be responsible for the reduced amplitude of magnetic anomalies in some areas. 相似文献
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用国际参考地磁场模型(IGRF)分析了地磁场能量在地球内部的分布及其长期变化.结果表明,从1900年到2005年,地核以外地磁场总能量由6.818×1018J减少到6.594×1018J,减小了3.3%,地表以外地磁场总能量由8.658×101J减小到.63×101J,减小了11.4%.分析地球内部不同圈层地磁场能量的变化表明,地壳(A层)、上地幔(B层)、转换带(C层)、下地幔D′层的地磁场总能量在减小,但是下地幔"层的地磁场总能量却在快速增加.磁能密度随时间的变化更清楚地显示出磁能增加和减小的分界面在r=3840km处.上述结果表明,地核和地表以外地磁场总能量在趋势性减小的同时,也在进行重新分配.进一步分析表明,下地幔D"层磁能快速增长,主要是由高阶磁多极子的增强引起的.在地磁场倒转前,偶极矩减小而多极性相对增强在能量分布上的表现就是磁能向下地幔底部(特别是D"层)集中. 相似文献
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J. R. HEIRTZLER 《Geophysical Prospecting》1967,15(2):194-203
Simultaneous measurements made on an ice island and about 1000 ft. below show that magnetic anomalies can be detected in the presence of large time variations of the magnetic field. Attenuation and phase lag of time variations at depth are measurable but do not limit the utilization of the vertical gradient of geomagnetic total intensity for defining crustal anomalies. 相似文献
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A method is developed for determining the depth to the centroid (the geometric center) of ‘semi-compact' sources. The method, called the anomaly attenuation rate (AAR) method, involves computing radial averages of AARs with increasing distances from a range of assumed source centers. For well-isolated magnetic anomalies from ‘semi-compact' sources, the theoretical AARs range from 2 (close to the sources) to 3 (in the far-field region); the corresponding theoretical range of AARs for gravity anomalies is 1 to 2. When the estimated source centroid is incorrect, the AARs either exceed or fall short of the theoretical values. The levelling-off of the far-field AARs near their theoretical maximum values indicates the upper (deeper) bound of the centroid location. Similarly, near-field AARs lower than the theoretical minimum indicate the lower (shallower) bound of the centroid location. It is not always possible to determine usable upper and lower bounds of the centroids because the method depends on characteristics of sources/anomalies and the noise level of the data. For the environmental magnetic examples considered in this study, the determined deeper bounds were within 4% of the true centroid-to-observation distance. For the case of the gravity anomaly from the Bloomfield Pluton, Missouri, USA, determination of only the shallower bound of the centroid location (7 km) was possible. This estimate agrees closely with the centroid of a previously determined three-dimensional model of the Bloomfield Pluton. For satellite magnetic anomalies, the method is appropriate only for high-amplitude, near-circular anomalies due to the inherent low signal-to-noise ratio of satellite magnetic anomalies. Model studies indicate that the AAR method is able to place depths within ±20–30 km of actual center locations from a 400-km observation altitude. Thus, the method may be able to discriminate between upper crustal, lower crustal, and mantle magnetic sources. The results from the prominent Kentucky anomaly are relatively well-resolved (centroid depth 30 km below the Earth's surface). For the Kiruna Magsat anomaly, the deleterious effects from neighboring anomalies make a determination difficult (possible depth could be between 20 and 30 km). The centroid depths are deeper for the Kursk anomaly (40–50 km). These depths may indicate that magnetic anomalies from the near-surface Kursk iron formations (a known contributor) and deep crustal magnetic sources could combine to form the Kursk Magsat anomaly. 相似文献
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Kenji Ohta Kei Hirose Masahiro Ichiki Katsuya Shimizu Nagayoshi Sata Yasuo Ohishi 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2010,289(3-4):497-502
The electrical conductivities of natural pyrolitic mantle and MORB materials were measured at high pressure and temperature covering the entire lower mantle conditions up to 133 GPa and 2650 K. In contrast to the previous laboratory-based models, our data demonstrate that the conductivity of pyrolite does not increase monotonically but varies dramatically with depth in the lower mantle; it drops due to high-spin to low-spin transition of iron in both perovskite and ferropericlase in the mid-lower mantle and increases sharply across the perovskite to post-perovskite phase transition at the D″ layer. We also found that the MORB exhibits much higher conductivity than pyrolite. The depth–conductivity profile measured for pyrolite does not match the geomagnetic field data below about 1500-km depth, possibly suggesting the existence of large quantities of subducted MORB crust in the deep lower mantle. The observations of geomagnetic jerks suggest that the electrical conductivity may be laterally heterogeneous in the lowermost mantle with high anomaly underneath Africa and the Pacific, the same regions as large low shear-wave velocity provinces. Such conductivity and shear-wave speed anomalies are also possibly caused by the deep subduction and accumulation of dense MORB crust above the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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Zhao Guoze Zhan Yan Wang Lifeng Wang Jijun Tang Ji Chen Xiaobin Xiao Qibin 《中国地震研究》2011,25(2):120-134
The Ordos block is a stable tectonic unit since the Cenozoic. Whether low-resistivity layers exist in the middle and lower crust of this kind block is an open question. This work attempts to reveal the entire crustal structure of the block based on interpretation of magnetotelluric data collected along the profile across this region. The result shows that a layered structure characterizes the crust of the Ordos block, with a low-resistivity layer at depth of about 20km, presumably associated with fluids there. In contrast, in the areas of active tectonics on the east and west of the block, there are no such layered electric structures in the crust, and the low-resistivity zones may be related to the decollement zones (or ductile shear zones) in the crust. The difference in electric structure of crust between the Ordos Block and neighboring areas is of significance to analyze the movement and deformation of varied blocks in the continent. 相似文献
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地磁活动是太阳爆发现象引起地球近地空间磁场扰动的重要空间天气过程之一.地球磁场的变化具有多种时间尺度,其中从数十年到数世纪的长时间地磁场变化主要是由地核磁场引起的,而从数秒到数年的短时间地磁变化与太阳活动有关.近年来,越来越多的统计研究表明,地磁活动与太阳活动和地球气候变化之间存在着显著的相关性.地球磁场和地球大气系统的耦合现象驱动着人们探索地磁活动对地球天气和气候系统影响的研究.本文的目的就是综述国内外地磁变化对气候影响的研究进展,介绍我们最新的研究成果,探索地磁活动对气候要素的影响特征和可能机理过程,为深入研究地磁活动对地球天气和气候的影响提供基础和依据,以期对地磁活动和气候要素关系有进一步的认识. 相似文献
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A large extent aeromagnetic survey, covering a 9°×9° degree of a Precambrian shield area in SE Brazil, was used to analyse long wavelength magnetic anomalies with the purpose of determining the magnetic structure of the lithosphere.Data analysis based on a novel approach to the estimation of the parameters in the statistical model ofSpector andGrant (1970), reveals a highly magnetized lower crust, bounded by an essentially non-magnetic upper mantle. The highly magnetized layer can be associated with a higher density lower crust model, derived from gravity and seismic data available in the area, suggesting a compositional transition from upper to lower crust.It was also verified that the operation of reduction to the pole, which is singular at the geomagnetic equator, performs quite satisfactorily at the low geomagnetic inclination of the area, bringing into accordance the long wavelength anomalies with the structural trends. 相似文献