共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
天然水中~(234)U/~(238)U、~(230)Th/~(232)Th和~(226)Ra/~(228)Ra放射性同位素比值,已做为水文地球化学研究和水化找矿的重要参数。 IEF——离子交换纤维是新型功能高分子材料,适用于大容量高效富集、分离和净化。经研究,用IEF可以现场富集天然水中的U、Th和Ra元素,我们设计了IEF法野外现场 相似文献
2.
本文列举了5个花岗岩和火山岩地区的水中放射性同位素比值的应用实例。通过其测定结果总结了不同地区、不同岩性和矿化地段水中同位素比值的差异。作者认为:在运用水中放射性同位素比值作为找矿的判别标志时,应充分考虑地区差异、水异常特征和水文地质条件,选用合适的判别标准。 相似文献
3.
本文研究了从5L水中用铁、铅、钡和铈作载体,系统分析~(234)U、~(238)U、~(228)Th、~(230)Th~(232)Th、~(224)Ra、~(226)Ra、~(228)Ra和~(210)Pb的含量或比值。铀、钍经Fe(OH)_3沉淀富集后用TBP萃淋树脂柱分离,用激光荧光和比色法测定,同位素比值用α谱仪测量,化学回收率在90％以上,测量下限分别为1μg/L和3μg/L。镭、铅经硫酸盐沉淀富集后,用EDTA在不同pH条件下分离,~(224)Ra和~(226)Ra用射气法测定,~(228)Ra和~(210)Pb分别用其β子体~(228)Ac和~(210)Bi在低本底β装置上测量,测量下限分别为2.5×10~(-2)、8×10~(-3)、4×10~(-3)和5×10~(-3)Bq/L。 相似文献
4.
本文对选用低能γ射线测定铀矿中的~(235)U、~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th含量进行了讨论,提出了一种对样品进行自吸收校正的简单准确方法,对铀矿样中的~(235)U、~(238)U、或~(235)U/~(238)U比值测定获得了较高的分析精度和准确度。 相似文献
5.
本文通过对隘高岩体放射性水化学普查、详查、揭露资料的野外调查和综合分析研究,论述了岩体水化找矿效果好的放射性水文地质条件;研究了水异常的展布特征和控制因素;肯定了岩体的水化找矿效果;给出了水化找矿的标志;进而对放射性水化学普查、详查以及成矿远景预测、水异常点找矿意义的评价提出了看法和建议。 相似文献
6.
氡水异常(水中铀和镭含量不够异常值的单氡型水异常)在花岗岩地区非常发育,因而研究氡水异常与铀矿化的关系具有重要意义。其一是可以使我们正确确定水化找矿标志,提高水化找矿效果,其二是为氡水异常的解释和揭露评价提供理论依据。本文根据江西地区5个岩体13个矿床的水化找矿资料,对氡水异常的形成条件及其与铀矿化的关系进行了探讨,提出几点认识和看法。 相似文献
7.
通过白龙江下游涉核地区水的放射性环境水平调查,得出白龙江下游涉核地区的区域内水中铀、镭浓度普遍较低。U含量在0.35～5.42μg/L,Th含量水平极低,Ra在0.36～1.32Bq/L之间。通过分析,水中铀、镭浓度的相关性不一致,可知道在某些河段的铀、镭平衡已经被破坏,成为偏镭系的铀、镭平衡。 相似文献
8.
“三九”地区位于诸广山复式岩体中段,隶属华南花岗岩型铀矿富集区。放射性同位素及其比值是反映铀成矿信息的重要参数,可直接反映浅部到深部的铀、镭富集的地球化学特征及其迁移规律。本文重点探讨“三九”地区不同地段、不同含量、不同埋深和不同矿体部位的 238U、 234U、 226Ra、 230Th和 231Pa同位素特征及其比值,分析铀、镭迁移富集规律。结果表明：“三九”地区铀矿体由近地表至深部铀镭平衡系数具有高-低-高变化特征;U元素的相对富集、Th元素相对减低及其U/Th比值的急剧升高等特征,与U、Th丰度区间具有明显分带特征关系密切;当地表有矿化或异常显示且浅、深部有工业矿时,其同位素组成具有铀、镭同时迁出,且铀大量迁出特征;当地表无异常显示时,其同位素组成具有铀大量迁出、镭明显迁入特征。大于1的 234U/ 238U比值可有效指示找铀矿化。综上,利用放射性同位素及其比值法在“三九”地区预测深部铀成矿有利地段,取得较好应用效果,其中九龙江、石壁窝和木... 相似文献
9.
应用铀、钍、锕铀系中~(228)Ra、~(230)Th、~(231)Pa、~(232)Th等同位素与~(38)U、~(226)Ra之间存在量关系探索了3112矿床深部矿体偏镭的原因。结果表明该矿床深部偏镭是外来镭后期叠加所致。分析数据显示,严重的偏镭现象难以用局部偏铀地段的镭流失予以补偿。这就提示有隐伏镭源体铀存在的可能性。本文所述方法也适用于地表放射性异常性质的判别研究。 相似文献
10.
采用氢氟酸-硝酸-盐酸混合酸密闭消解含铀矿石样品,用阴离子交换树脂、阳离子交换树脂和锶特效树脂逐级分离富集铀、钍和镭。使用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(HR-ICPMS)测定分离纯化液中234U/238U2、30Th/232Th和228Ra/226Ra同位素。比值的测量精密度取决于比值的大小和对应核素浓度的大小。对质量浓度为10 ng/mL天然铀测量液,234U/238U的测量精密度优于1.2%;对230Th质量浓度为0.6ng/mL且230Th和232Th质量浓度接近的测量液,230Th/232Th的测量精密度为1.2%;对228Ra质量浓度为0.48 pg/mL且228Ra和226Ra质量浓度接近的测量液,228Ra/226Ra的测量精密度为4.0%。 相似文献
11.
In the international DECOVALEX-THMC project, five research teams study the influence of thermal-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupling
on the safety of a hypothetical geological repository for spent fuel. In order to improve the analyses, the teams calibrated
their bentonite models with results from laboratory experiments, including swelling pressure tests, water uptake tests, thermally
gradient tests, and the CEA mock-up THM experiment. This paper describes the mathematical models used by the teams, and compares
the results of their calibrations with the experimental data. 相似文献
12.
In Russia, until recently, it was considered that groundwater was protected from surface radioactive contamination by soil and rocks in the zone aeration. Groundwater was not a subject of radiation control. The accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant showed, however, that groundwater is vulnerable to radioactive contamination. In this connection, the vulnerability of groundwater to and the problems of protecting groundwater from radioactive contamination became urgent. The assessment of natural protection of groundwater from radioactive contamination is now considered a top priority. The zone of aeration is generally considered to be the zone separating groundwater from surface contamination. In respect to radioactive contamination, soils that may fix a large quantity of radionuclides serve as a protection zone of a higher order. The mapping of protectibility was done for each radionuclide taking into consideration the specific structure of the flow medium and migration properties of a radionuclide. 90Sr and 137Cs have different mechanisms of transport; convective transport is characteristic of the former and diffusive transfer of the latter. This is conditioned by different physico-chemical properties of the radionuclides and principally by their sorption capacities. The coefficient of distribution of 90Sr is in many times less than the coefficient of distribution of 137Cs. The environmental protection problem in regions with nuclear power plants and in areas subjected to radioactive contamination may be solved using a monitoring, system including interrelated systems of observation and prediction of the lithosphere and the hydrosphere. The problem of mathematical modeling of migration processes is related to the complexities of modeling the processes of flow, mass transfer, and the accompanying physicochemical processes in zones of full and partial saturation, as well as difficulties in mathematical calculations. 相似文献
14.
Today, a large amount of knowledge is available concerning various sites of potential high active waste (HAW) repositories in salt media. Domal Zechstein salt formations have been examined at several sites in Germany. Extensive R&D work was initiated in the former Asse Salt Mine in order to explore the suitability of salt for waste isolation by laboratory tests, theoretical studies and in-situ tests with test results forming a technological base for future repository development. Resulting from the inhomogeneity of salt structures the demanded safety of a permanent repository for radioactive wastes can be demonstrated only by a specific site analysis in which the entire system, “the geological situation, the repository, and the form and amount of the wastes” and their interrelationships are taken into consideration. The site analysis has three essential tasks: (1) Assessment of the thermomechanical load capacity of the host rock, so that deposition strategies can be determined for the site; (2) Determination of the safe dimensions of the mine (e.g. stability of the caverns and safety of the operations); and (3) Evaluation of the barriers and the long-term safety analysis for the authorization procedure. The geotechnical stability analysis is a critical part of the safety assessment. Engineering–geological study of the site, laboratory and in situ-experiments, geomechanical modelling, and numerical static calculations comprise such an analysis. Within a scenario analysis — according to the multi-barrier principle, the geological setting is checked to be able to contribute significantly to the waste isolation over long periods. The assessment of the integrity of the geological barrier can only be performed by making calculations with geomechanical and hydrogeological models. The proper idealization of the host rock in a computational model is the basis of a realistic calculation of stress distribution and excavation damage effects. The determination of water permeability along discontinuities is necessary in order to evaluate the barrier efficiency of each host rock. In this paper some important processes for the performance assessment are described, namely creep and fracturing, permeability and infiltration, and halokinesis and subrosion. For the future, the role and contributions of geoscientific and rock mechanics work within the safety assessment issues (e.g. geomechanical safety indicators) must be identified in greater detail, e.g. considerations of geomechanical natural analogy for calibration of constitutive laws. 相似文献
15.
本文依据活性炭、粘土、砂对水中氡进行吸附的试验资料及204地区的野外实际资料,探讨了氡的吸附性。含氡地下水在径流过程中除衰变,逸出会使其氡浓度降低外,岩土对其吸附亦是重要因素。因此,在进行放射性水异常评价时,应充分注意这一点。 相似文献
17.
Natural production of the radionuclide chlorine-36 ( 36Cl) has provided a valuable tracer for groundwater studies. The nuclear industry, especially the testing of thermonuclear
weapons, has also produced large amounts of 36Cl that can be detected in many samples of groundwater. In order to be most useful in hydrologic studies, the natural production
prior to 1952 should be distinguished from more recent artificial sources. The object of this study was to reconstruct the
probable preanthropogenic levels of 36Cl in groundwater in the United States. Although significant local variations exist, they are superimposed on a broad regional
pattern of 36Cl/Cl ratios in the United States. Owing to the influence of atmospherically transported ocean salt, natural ratios of 36Cl/total Cl are lowest near the coast and increase to a maximum in the central Rocky Mountains of the United States.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
18.
To assess microbial behavior at anticipated repositories of nitrate-containing radioactive waste such as TRU waste, we set up an anoxic single horizontal column filled with Pleistocene sand with indigenous microorganisms as model samples. The column was supplied with artificial groundwater containing nitrate and acetate for 9 weeks (Run 1) or nitrate-amended groundwater from the same Pleistocene stratum for 6 weeks (Run 2). Bacterial communities, including culturable denitrifiers, were established in the sand bed, resulting in acridine orange direct counts per pore water of 3 × 10 8 cell mL −1 in Run 1 and 5 × 10 7 cell mL −1 in Run 2 and nitrate-reducing activity per pore water of roughly 13 mg L −1 d −1 in Run 1 and 1–4 mg L −1 d −1 in Run 2. Eh and hydraulic conductivity declined in Run 1, indicating microbial activity capable of retarding radionuclide transport. However, the ratio of bacterial cell concentration found in the effluent water (free-living bacteria) to the total bacterial concentration in sand ( Rmobile) exceeded 2%. This finding is relevant to the increase in radionuclide transport associated with free-living cells. As a tool for quantifying this influence, we introduced an index, Kd,att (distribution coefficient for microbes on sand particles), and calculated this value from the Rmobile value. By sensitivity analysis using a numerical simulation model (MINT), we then demonstrated that higher Kd,att values would suppress the detrimental effects of the free-living bacteria. Quantification of microbial influences can be made more realistic by obtaining Kd,att values in a column experiment and incorporating this index into radionuclide transport models. 相似文献
19.
在核废料的地下处置过程中，由于放射性元素的衰变，将产生大量的热量，因此，核废料的地下处置将影响围岩的温度场。初步探讨了中低放核废料的地下处置对围岩介质花岗岩体温度场的影响。 相似文献
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