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1.
瞬变电磁法（TEM）在青藏高原、东北等地区的多年冻土调查中取得了较好的应用效果,但局限于松散沉积层较厚情形,在基岩埋深较浅条件下探测多年冻土基本处于空白。兰州马衔山多年冻土具有分布范围小、温度高、基岩埋深浅的特点,是应用TEM探测浅基岩埋藏条件下多年冻土分布的理想地区。以马衔山多年冻土为主要研究对象,以季节冻土为对照研究了瞬变电磁响应特征,结合区域构造特征、地层露头、钻孔岩心、地温监测数据等信息,论证并探讨了TEM应用于浅基岩埋深时对多年冻土的探测效果。结果表明：马衔山多年冻土分布受构造断裂形成的低阻带控制,下部为负温岩层,实际分布面积为0.11 km2;TEM应用于浅基岩埋深的多年冻土勘探时更多的对地下岩层做出响应,可结合地质、地貌、水文、植被等信息,利用多年冻土的特点和电阻率的变化情况来判断多年冻土的分布范围;当基岩埋深特别浅时可以与探地雷达、钻孔等其他手段联合反演,从而准确地识别多年冻土与下伏基岩。 相似文献
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《物探与化探》2017,(6)
南祁连哈拉湖盆地是重要的含油气盆地,多年冻土分布广泛,具有良好的天然气水合物找矿前景,而多年冻土的分布特征是天然气水合物成藏的重要控制因素。应用音频大地电磁测深(AMT)对南祁连哈拉湖东南缘的多年冻土的下限进行探测,并对影响多年冻土厚度的因素进行了分析。结果表明:应用AMT能较好地划分多年冻土的厚度;区内的多年冻土厚度基本分布在30~130 m之间,整体呈现"中部与西北部厚,其他区域较薄"的分布特征,其中,中南部、中部与西北部的多年冻土厚度在80 m以上,为天然气水合物提供了良好的盖层条件;区内多年冻土厚度的主要影响因素为地形、坡向(向阳面/背阴面)与地表径流,同时,断裂构造和地下水含量对冻土厚度也有一定的影响。高地、背阴面、非地表径流段、非断裂构造区域有利于形成较厚多年冻土层。 相似文献
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基于瞬变电磁法(TEM)的西昆仑地区多年冻土厚度探测与研究 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
多年冻土厚度对于多年冻土的区域分布和环境效应具有重要控制和指示意义. 应用瞬变电磁法(TEM)对青藏高原西昆仑地区的多年冻土下限进行了探测, 并结合钻孔资料分析了该研究区域多年冻土厚度的分布特征. 结果表明:研究区域多年冻土厚度随地形、地质条件的差异表现出显著的空间差异性. 沿着219国道从509道班到奇台达坂的高山峡谷区, 随着海拔的升高, 多年冻土从无到有, 而且, TEM探测到的多年冻土厚度从不到10 m到接近100 m, 平均厚度约为55 m; 自界山达坂向东到拉竹龙的低山丘陵区, 除部分区域发育融区外, 多年冻土厚度一般在50 m左右, TEM探测显示多年冻土平均厚度约为58 m; 进入甜水海盆地, 多年冻土厚度普遍超过60 m, TEM探测到靠近湖泊的盆地中心地带多年冻土平均厚度可达110 m. 多年冻土厚度随地温的降低呈显著的线性增加趋势, 10 m深度地温平均每降低1 ℃, 多年冻土厚度增加29 m. 多年冻土的厚度随海拔的升高显著增加, 同时局地因素对多年冻土的发育有显著影响, 其内在机制需要进一步研究. 相似文献
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探地雷达在祁连山多年冻土调查中的应用 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
探地雷达用于多年冻_十区的勘测一般通过钻孔和探坑进行直接对比来确定冻土层分布状况,但在野外工作中,钻孔资料一般很难得到,而探坑在有限的人力物力条件下也很难开挖,这给冻土层的野外确定带来很大困难.我们采用雷达探测资料寻找浅层地下冰深度来确定多年冻土上限的深度,企图能在没有现场对比资料的情况下寻找一种利用探地雷达探测多年冻土的简易方法.探测结果显示,通过地貌特征寻找浅层地下冰可能存在的典型地段进行雷达探测能很容易确定多年冻上上限的位置.2007年在祁连山区利用Pulsc EKKO Pro探地雷达进行了多年冻土的野外探测,结果显示:大雪山老虎沟海拔3 684 m(39.5907°N;96.4339°E)处多年冻土上限约为2.2 m,在冷龙岭北坡的水管河源头海拔4 053 m(37.5463°N;101.7709°E)至海拔3 907 m(37.5508°N;101.7752°E)处的多年冻土上限深度为2.5 m,在宁昌河源头沿河岸从海拔3 448 m(37.5649°N;101.84 55°E)至海拔3 377 m(37.5797°N,101.8377°E)处多年冻土上限为2.4 m,在走廊南山的观山河源头海拔3 468 m(39.2615°N;98.6715°E)处多年冻土上限深度在2 m左右.另外根据4个勘察区多年冻土特征地貌分布区的最低分布海拔总结得出,老虎沟地区为冻土下界分布最高地区,关山河源头为冻土下界分布最低地区.其原因主要是降水和植被的差异造成的结果,降水量大和植被良好的地区多年冻土下界的分布海拔就低,反之亦然. 相似文献
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多年冻土的分布会受到局地地质、地形地貌和地表覆被等因素的影响。为探究各因子对多年冻土分布的影响强弱,选择青藏高原五个典型多年冻土区为研究区,基于MODIS和SRTM DEM数据提取研究区内2003—2012年平均地表温度、NDVI、地表反照率、积雪日数和坡度、坡向等因子,并采用地理探测器模型研究了各因子对研究区多年冻土分布的影响程度及差异。结果表明：在所有研究区内,地表温度是影响多年冻土分布最强的因子,其次为积雪日数。随着空间尺度范围的增大,坡度和坡向对多年冻土分布的影响逐渐减弱,地表温度的影响则逐渐增强。交互探测结果显示两个因子交互作用对多年冻土分布的影响程度都要大于单因子作用下的影响程度。本研究明确了青藏高原多年冻土分布的区域差异规律,为不同尺度多年冻土分布制图提供理论基础。 相似文献
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《物探与化探》2016,(2)
作为冻土区天然气水合物重要的成藏因素——盖层冻土的厚度,其勘探方法多样且各具特点。选择性价比较高的音频大地电磁测深(AMT)为探测技术,以青海木里地区为研究对象,通过多种典型模型的AMT正演模拟,并对正演响应进行一维自适应正则化反演与分析,结果表明一维正则化反演曲线取对数求导曲线(或称地层界面分层因子曲线)可较好地划分多年冻土层底板,并在木里地区划分多年冻土厚度中取得了较好的应用效果,为冻土区天然气水合物靶区预测提供良好的支撑作用。由过井DK9的两条十字剖面研究表明,井DK9附近的多年冻土厚度起伏变化不大,约在60~100 m之间变化,为天然气水合物的富集提供了良好的盖层条件。其中,垂直于断裂构造方向DK9-2剖面的多年冻土厚度变化较大,约为60~100 m;平行于断裂构造方向的DK9-1剖面的多年冻土厚度变化较小,为68~92 m。 相似文献
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通过核磁共振测深(MRS)方法在多年冻土区找水实例的分析、解释,并结合钻孔资料的综合研究,对在多年冻土区利用MRS方法探测地下含水层埋深、厚度及地下水涌水量的计算进行了详细的解析,并取得了良好的应用效果。阐明了该方法在多年冻土区找水具有含水信号反映明显、信噪比高和具唯一性解析结果等的独特技术优势,也指出了该方法在判断含水层岩性、涌水量计算等方面存在的不足,揭示了MRS方法在多年冻土区寻找地下水的良好应用前景,为在多年冻土区寻找地下水提供了一定的借鉴经验。 相似文献
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大同市地下水开采的有关资料表明,自1981年以来大同市地下水开始超采,致使大同市地下水各降落漏斗已逐渐靠拢或合并,已经形成了一占据大同大半市区的降落漏斗。通过对大同市各地下水取水点超采量的变化、地面沉降的发生时间与相应位置、地裂缝产生的规律、地质构造的区域背景资料的详细对比与分析,说明了地下水严重超采是导致大同市地面沉降与地裂缝产生的直接诱因。 相似文献
12.
Ground-freezing is used in mining and civil engineering to make water-bearing strata temporarily impermeable and to increase their compressive and shear strength by transforming joint water and interstitial water into ice. Freezing of rock or soil layers is achieved by means of an array of cased boreholes, through which a cold liquid is circulated in order to remove heat energy, comparable to cooling coils.
Frost expansion from the boreholes into the ground is monitored, for a better and more economic control of the freezing process. For this purpose, instruments for the determination of borehole deviation, for measurement of the temperature field and for an assessment of the degree of freezing with ultrasonic waves, have proved useful. These three techniques are described based on results obtained from field measurements. 相似文献
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Raphael G. Kazmann 《Environmental Geology》1975,1(3):137-142
Environmental geologists have been concerned with deleterious side effects of ground-water development such as enroachment of saline water and subsidence of the land surface. New uses of the subsurface environment, including fresh-water storage in saline aquifers, permanent containment of noxious wastes, and energy storage in the form of superheated water, should be considered. There are many potentially favorable and unfavorable environmental impacts of such uses. New and important research targets are field studies of transport phenomena, osmotic effects of clays, water softening by injecting and later withdrawing water from aquifers. The natural interrelationship of the practice of environmental enhancement and man's nature as a territorial proprietor is preferable to bureaucratic actions for the same purpose. 相似文献
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运用数字滤波理论来区分西安地裂缝、地面垂直地形变活动量中构造活动变形量和释水固结压密变形量。结果表明，地裂缝活动时序中低频长周期成份占绝大部分，而地面垂直地形变活动时序中高频短周期成份占绝对优势。释水固结压密变形量约占总变形量的60％～90％。 相似文献
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Leonello Serva 《地学学报》1994,6(4):414-416
The use of ground effects for the evaluation of earthquake intensity is described and discussed. The importance of such effects, and the problems that arise when they are not properly considered, are analysed in particular. The opinions of many experts in the field, regarding the uselessness of such data because of their great variability, are refuted. 相似文献
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Summary The hoop forces which develop in circular tubes buried in elastic-plastic ground are investigated. A closed form solution is used to determine the hoop forces which develop when the field stresses in the elastic-plastic ground are initially uniform. The finite element method is used to solve the problem for biaxial field stress. A parametric study is undertaken to assess the influence of tube stiffness and ground strength on the hoop forces, and use is made of elastic stress contours to predict the likely extent of material failure around tubes buried in ground with biaxial prestress.Notation a
tube radius
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c
cohesion
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D
flexural stiffness of the structure
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E
i
Young's modulus of structure
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E
s
Young's modulus of ground
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F
hoop force (compression positive)
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G
s
shear modulus of ground
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H
hoop stiffness of the structure
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K
coefficient of lateral pressure
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N
tan2(45+/2)
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q
(
1–
1)/2
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S
f
relative flexural stiffness of the structure
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S
h
relative hoop stiffness of the structure
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t
structural thickness
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v
circumferential displacement
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w
radial displacement
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v
l
Poisson's ratio of structure
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v
s
Poisson's ratio of ground
-
normal traction acting on the structure
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d
deviatoric component of field stress
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h
horizontal field stress
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m
uniform component of field stress
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v
vertical field stress
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1
major principal stress
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3
minor principal stress
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tangential traction acting on the structure
-
angle of internal friction of the ground
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angle of dilation of the ground 相似文献
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G. Herget 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1974,6(1):53-64
SummaryGround Stress Determinations in Canada Stress determinations with the biaxial (Doorstopper) and the triaxial strain cell of the C. S. I. R., South Africa, are discussed and show that the triaxial cell is the more desirable instrument if good rock conditions exist. Vertical and average horizontal stresses in Canada are similar in magnitude to those from other parts of the earth's crust and show that vertical stresses are related to weight of overburden and average horizontal stresses increase in most of the cases with 0.407 kg/cm2 per metre of depth. More data are necessary to make any prediction for the average horizontal stress beyond a depth of 800 m.Stress determinations and a tectonic analysis show that the unravelling of the geological stress-strain history allows some prediction of principal stress directions, but the attached uncertainties due to gaps in documentation require proof by stress determinations.With 8 Figures 相似文献
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When planning a TBM drive in squeezing ground, the tunnelling engineer faces a complex problem involving a number of conflicting factors. In this respect, numerical analyses represent a helpful decision aid as they provide a quantitative assessment of the effects of key parameters. The present paper investigates the interaction between the shield, ground and tunnel support by means of computational analysis. Emphasis is placed on the boundary condition, which is applied to model the interface between the ground and the shield or tunnel support. The paper also discusses two cases, which illustrate different methodical approaches applied to the assessment of a TBM drive in squeezing ground. The first case history—the Uluabat Tunnel (Turkey)—mainly involves the investigation of TBM design measures aimed at reducing the risk of shield jamming. The second case history—the Faido Section of the Gotthard Base Tunnel (Switzerland)—deals with different types of tunnel support installed behind a gripper TBM. 相似文献