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1.
地面沉降是通州区重要地质灾害,由此引发的地裂缝次生灾害现象严重影响通州区的发展建设.以TerraSAR-X卫星影像为数据基础,采用永久散射体干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术获取通州区地面沉降2015—2018年监测数据,分析了通州区地面沉降时空分布特征以及地裂缝次生灾害的垂向形变特征.结果表明:(1)通州区地面沉降主要集中在西部和北部地区,形成了以通州城区—梨园—台湖为中心的西部沉降区和以永顺—宋庄为中心的北部沉降区,每个沉降区内又分布着多个小的沉降漏斗,在区域上具有不均匀沉降的特征;(2)宋庄地裂缝两盘各存在一个沉降漏斗中心,裂缝带沿线存在多个小沉降漏斗,由裂缝带向两侧沉降量逐渐增大,垂直裂缝带方向存在显著的沉降梯度变化,差异沉降特征明显,建议在宋庄地裂缝成因机理研究过程中考虑差异沉降对地裂缝形成的影响. 相似文献
2.
华北平原鲁北地区地下水超采导致地面沉降区域特征及演化趋势预测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
鲁北地区作为华北平原地面沉降的重要组成部分,其地面沉降问题日趋严重。以滨州博兴县为工程背景,基于研究区详细水文地质与工程地质资料以及历年地面沉降监测数据,系统分析该地区地下水动态分布及地面沉降分布演化特征。以Biot多孔介质固结理论为基础,建立博兴县地面沉降三维流 固耦合数值模型,还原地面沉降发展过程并预测分析不同地下水开采方案下的沉降演化规律。研究结果表明：博兴县浅层地下水位降幅呈现南大北小特点,深层地下水形成了以县城区为中心的椭圆形地下水区域降落漏斗;地面逐渐形成了分别以博兴县城区、湖滨镇和店子镇为沉降中心的三个小型沉降区,且有相互关联扩展的趋势;地面沉降三维流固耦合模型较为理想还原了研究区地面沉降发展过程,预测在现状地下水开采方案下未来10年内地面沉降仍以较大速率继续发展,累计沉降量超500mm的区域面积不断扩大,当减小20%现状地下水开采量时是较为合理有效的开采方案。 相似文献
3.
地面沉降是北京平原区主要地质灾害之一。文中采用永久散射体差分干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术获取平原区地面沉降空间分布特征,基于GIS空间分析平台,将多种地面沉降影响因素分别与PS-InSAR获取的地面沉降场形变信息进行耦合研究,查明地面沉降与多种影响因素之间的响应关系。研究发现:(1)北京市地面沉降发育较为严重的地区主要出现在平原区东部、北部以及南部等地,存在多个沉降中心,最大沉降速率达到152mm/a,区域不均匀沉降现象明显,并且有连成一片的趋势。(2)地面沉降分布具有明显的构造控制特性,沉降区多位于几大活动断裂交接部位的沉积凹陷地区,与第四纪沉积凹陷十分吻合。地面沉降的发展趋势与活动断裂的走向具有明显的对应关系,在有活动断裂通过的区域,地面沉降剖面线上表现出明显的转折或突变,断裂两侧区域不均匀沉降十分明显。(3)地面沉降分层沉降量与对应层位上黏性土占比呈正比例关系,其空间分布特征及变化趋势与平原区的地层结构及可压缩黏性土层厚度具有很好的一致性,沉降范围整体由北西向的单一结构区向南东方向的多层结构区扩张。沉降速率大于50 mm/a的沉降区大多分布在黏性土层厚度大于100 m的地区,几大沉降中心与黏性土层厚度较大地区吻合较好。(4)第二承压含水层(顶底板埋深100~180 m)地下水开采对地面沉降影响最大,沉降中心与该层位地下水位降落漏斗区高度吻合,是地面沉降的主要贡献层位。 相似文献
4.
近几年,盘锦地区的地面沉降问题开始受到人们的关注。为了掌握盘锦地区地面沉降现状,包括沉降中心位置、沉降区面积、沉降量、沉降速率等,选取2013-2016年覆盖研究区的19景C波段Radarsat-2 SAR数据,采用SBAS-InSAR技术提取了盘锦地区地面沉降速率和累积沉降量。结果表明,研究区内存在两个沉降区:曙四联沉降区,面积约为43.6 km2,最大沉降速率为-151.49 mm·a-1;龙王村沉降区,面积约为33.28 km2,最大沉降速率为-119.55 mm·a-1。通过地表形变量时序分析,发现两个沉降区的范围随着时间不断扩大,累积沉降量不断增大。与水准监测数据进行对比后发现,两种监测方法得到的沉降区范围和沉降量大体一致,但两者间仍有差别。对研究区内油田井场分布和地下水水位降落漏斗特征与沉降区分布进行了对比分析,研究表明地面沉降与地下水开采、油气资源开采、新构造运动等多种因素具有密切关系。研究结果将为地质环境的管理、地面沉降灾害的防治及资源开发利用规划提供基础依据。 相似文献
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根据水准测量资料绘制了昆明南市区地面沉降等值线图,说明了区内地面沉降特征。然后对断陷盆地沉降模式进行探讨,阐明了岩溶水抽汲致使第四系土层固结压缩而产生沉降的原因。进而就地面沉降制约因素进行分析,得出了各制约因素的权重,明确指出地下水抽汲是地面沉降的主要诱发因素。最后,着重分析了小板桥沉降漏斗中心的形成机制,完成了极限沉降量估算,并预测了该沉降中心的发展趋势。 相似文献
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为了分析黄河三角洲地下水动态及其与地面沉降的关系, 利用多年地下水和地面沉降监测数据, 发现黄河三角洲广饶县和东营区的地下水动态变化剧烈且地面沉降严重, 含水层多处于超采状态, 浅、深层地下水降落漏斗先后出现.深层地下水降落漏斗中心水位下降速度达2~3m/a.近年来, 东营和广饶地面沉降漏斗中心沉降量和速率分别为155.1mm、28.2mm/a和356.0mm、64.7mm/a.借助GIS技术及数理统计法, 发现深层地下水降落漏斗与沉降漏斗空间耦合良好, 深层地下水位与地面高程呈线性正相关, 相关系数为0.92, 深层地下水过度开采已成为影响沉降的最根本因素.井灌区第三粘性压缩层成为地面沉降主要贡献层, 且深层地下水降落漏斗中心的地下水位已低于第三承压含水层临界水位, 沉降趋于严重. 相似文献
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唐山南部沿海地区是唐山市地面沉降灾害较严重的地区,地面沉降的快速发展对唐山世界级重化工业基地的功能发挥构成严重威胁,全面了解唐山南部沿海地区地面沉降的分布演化态势及其发育主导因素至关重要。基于中高分辨率雷达数据,采用PSInSAR技术获取唐山南部沿海地区地面沉降场的分布及演化信息,可以发现这一地区的区域地面沉降漏斗与地下水位下降漏斗具有良好的对应关系,且沉降区范围沿区内基底断裂带一侧展布。但在曹妃甸工业区,地面沉降特征与过量开采地下水引起的地面沉降特征有所不同,地面沉降区呈点状、斑状分布,沉降区范围较小,沉降中心的沉降梯度大。据调查,特殊的地质环境是该区地面沉降发育的基础条件,地下水超采、大规模工程扰动是诱发和加剧地面沉降的外在动力。 相似文献
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基于部分耦合原理,采用TOUGH2和FLAC3D建立抽水引起的三维地面沉降弹塑性模型,模型中综合考虑土体的弹塑性变形特征、渗流-应力的双向耦合作用以及参数的非线性,探讨了持续抽水和脉冲抽水两种抽水过程中地面沉降发展演化过程。研究结果表明:（1）集中抽水停止后地面沉降会发生回弹,抽水中心沉降量不断减小。由于水平方向存在水力梯度,地下水继续向地下水位漏斗中心渗流从而导致沉降漏斗的范围仍继续扩大;（2）脉冲抽水导致土体的孔隙水压力、渗透系数以及沉降量均呈周期性波动变化,地面沉降会局部回弹,但总体仍随着抽水的持续,沉降量不断增加;（3）在抽水量相同前提下,对比持续抽水与脉冲抽水两种方式引发的塑形沉降量可知,抽水速率小、脉冲式多次开采导致的塑性沉降量较小,持续抽水的抽水速率越小、脉冲抽水间隔越短越有利于控制地面沉降。研究成果为地面沉降数值模拟提供了一种新方法,其中算例研究能为抽水条件下地面沉降的控制提供参考。 相似文献
9.
地面沉降问题严重影响着鲁西南经济发展区交通工程建设。文中选择某线性工程两侧5 km范围作为研究区,文章收集RadarSAT-2(2017—2020年)、Sentinel-1A(2019—2020年)存档数据和沿线区域地质、水文地质、矿产开发资料,采用时序InSAR分析的方法,对研究区沿线地面沉降分布特征及规律进行综合分析。研究结果表明：研究区主要地面沉降诱因是煤矿采空区塌陷和地下水超量开采,前者以矿区工作面为中心形成沉降漏斗,沉降速率变化和沉降中心移动与煤矿作业工作面挖掘进度和转移密切相关;后者沉降分布规律与地下水开采使用点相关,形成与地下水开采使用范围相近的沉降带。研究区在2017—2020年内持续发生沉降,最大年均沉降速率为136.5 mm/a,单年累计最大沉降量为220 mm。经同期CPI水准点观测结果校核,InSAR数据处理成果平均误差小于1 cm/a,相关系数到达70%以上。本文采用的分析方法能及时准确反映出线路方案穿行研究区内各处地面沉降变化,为线路方案规划和地质灾害整治提供有效合理参考。 相似文献
10.
为掌握盘锦地区地面沉降现状,包括沉降中心位置、沉降区面积、沉降量、沉降速率等,选取2013-2016年覆盖研究区的19期C波段Radasat-2数据,采用SBAS-InSAR技术提取盘锦地区地面沉降速率和累积地面沉降量。结果表明,研究区内存在两个沉降区:曙四联沉降区,面积约为43.6km^2,最大沉降速率为-151.49mm/a;龙王村沉降区,面积约为33.28km^2,最大沉降速率为-119.55mm/a。与2007-2009年的3期ASAR数据得到的结果进行对比后发现,两者得到的沉降区基本一致。通过地面沉降监测数据的时序分析,累积沉降量和沉降区范围均随着时间不断增大。 相似文献
11.
重庆市沥鼻峡背斜盐井矿区龙潭组沉积特征及聚煤规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对重庆市沥鼻峡背斜盐计矿区含煤地层研究，探讨了矿区龙潭组的沉积特征和聚煤规律，得出矿区龙潭组为泻湖-海湾-潮坪沉积体系，成煤时期的不同沉积环境，聚煤沉降幅度小，沉积速度和物质补偿均衡，有利于泥炭堆积，因此矿区含煤层数、煤层厚度较稳定，该区处于华蓥山潮坪地带，是龙潭期聚煤中心之一。 相似文献
12.
Hydraulic characteristics of bioclastic deposits: new possibilities for environmental interpretation using settling velocity fractions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper examines the hydraulic behaviour of heterogeneous bioclastic sediments using settling velocity fractions. Bioclastic deposits are divided into fractions by splitting hydraulically sorted samples. Compositional analysis of fractions shows that grains exhibit marked variation in composition, shape, size and density which control the hydraulic behaviour of bioclastic deposits. Despite the heterogeneous grain properties of fractions (analogous to sieve fractions) sedimentation analysis shows that they possess a narrow range of settling velocity values. Flume experiments also show that the settling velocity fractions possess a narrow range of threshold velocity values. A threshold relationship is identified in which the velocity required to entrain mixed settling fractions increases from 20.5 to 65-0cm s ?1 for settling fractions with mean settling values of 5.5 chi (2-2 cm s ?1) to 1.4 chi (36.0 cm s ?1), respectively. Heterogeneous settling fractions, due to intergrain effects, were found to possess larger threshold velocities than individual components showing that the composition of bioclastic deposits controls hydraulic behaviour. Thus, caution must be exercised in using the threshold relationship for homogeneous sediments or deposits of markedly different composition. As settling velocity fractions reflect narrow hydraulic (settling and threshold) properties of sediments the mean settling velocity of fractions is considered a good indicator with which to interpret transport and depositional processes. Comparison of settling and sieve-size distributions shows that size distributions do not reflect the hydraulic behaviour of bioclastic deposits and should not be used to interpret environmental processes. The study indicates that examination of settling velocity fractions (for which hydraulic settling and threshold properties are known) coupled with compositional analysis of these fractions will allow much greater environmental interpretation of deposit-forming and energy processes in reef environments. 相似文献
13.
In this study we computed recent seismicity and present kinematic regime in the northern and middle zones of Gulf of Suez as inferred from moment tensor settlings and focal mechanism of local earthquakes that happened in this region. On 18 and 22 of July, 2014 two moderate size earthquakes of local magnitudes 4.2 and 4.1 struck the northern zone of Gulf of Suez near Suez City. These events are instrumentally recorded by Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN). The earthquakes have been felt at Suez City and greater Cairo metropolitan zone while no losses were reported. The source mechanism and source parameters of the calculated events were considered by the near-source waveform data listed at very broadband stations of ENSN and supported by the P-wave polarity data of short period stations. The new settling method and software used deem the action of the source time function, which has been ignored in most of the program series of the moment tensor settling analysis with near source seismograms. The obtained results from settling technique indicate that the estimated seismic moments of both earthquakes are 0.6621E + 15 and 0.4447E + 15 Nm conforming to a moment magnitude Mw 3.8 and 3.7 respectively. The fault plan settlings obtained from both settling technique and polarity of first-arrival indicate the dominance of normal faulting. We also evaluated the stress field in north and middle zones of Gulf of Suez using a multiple inverse method. The prime strain axis shows that the deformation is taken up mainly as stretching in the E–W and NE–SW direction. 相似文献
14.
An experimental method of field-emission environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) coupled with the energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) to determine the thickness of oil films in the micro- and nano-pores of tight oil sands was proposed to overcome the limitations of current methods. First, we got the data of the detection range volumes, elemental mass percentages, and elemental atomic percentages using the EDS, and then calculated the volumes of oil films in the detection range according to the elemental mass percentages and the elemental atomic percentages of carbon. After that, we calculated the surface areas of oil films using the pore size data (lengths, widths, and depths) detected by ESEM. The thicknesses of oil films in the pores equaled the volumes divided by the surface areas. An analysis of tight oil samples from the Quan 4 Segment of in the southern Songliao Basin, NE China confirmed that the oil in the micro- and nano-pores had two main forms: oil films and oil droplets. The thicknesses of the oil films ranged from about 400 nm to 2 μm, while the thicknesses of the oil droplets ranged from about 200 to 700 nm. 相似文献
15.
7煤层为青海省鱼卡煤田主要可采煤层,中国煤炭地质总局水文物测队利用该区的高精度三维地震数据体,结合钻孔资料,对7煤层厚度与其反射波T7波的相位特征、振幅特征、频率特征进行相关性研究。结果表明,T7波的相位特征与7煤层厚度有较好的相关性,而T7波的频率特征、顺层振幅与7煤层厚度的相关性很差,即使煤层较厚时也是如此。通过例举薄煤层、较厚煤层、厚煤层等具体实例,说明煤层与反射波相位个数及相位时差具有正相关关系。由不同煤厚模型（0-50m）正演出的自激自收时间剖面反射波相位特征,也验证了7煤层厚度变化与其T7波相位特征的关系。 相似文献
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通过对哈依煤气工程投产前后与哈尔滨市社会经济与环境效益的详细调查、对比，用翔实的资料说明哈依煤气工程投产后，哈尔滨市的环境有显著的改善，社会效益和经济效益都十分可观。 相似文献
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基于1992年、 1997年、 2002年、 2007年、 2012年和2017年夜间灯光数据提取得到东北三省的城市建成区, 计算了各省及整体灯光重心位置, 统计了各类资源型城市的灯光总量等指标的变化情况并讨论了灯光变化的影响因素。利用对数变换将DMSP和VIIRS夜间灯光数据的DN值变换到同一范围, 从而提高了研究的时效性。结果表明： 得益于区位、 交通、 政策等优势, 近25年来, 沈阳、 大连、 哈尔滨和长春等区域中心城市持续发展, 对灯光重心的拉动作用明显且不断增强, 各省的灯光重心及东北三省整体灯光重心均向哈尔滨 - 长春 - 沈阳一线靠拢。非资源型城市与资源型城市的发展差距逐步加大, 且资源型城市整体发展较为缓慢。在非资源型城市中, 沈阳、 大连、 哈尔滨和长春的灯光总量始终保持较快增长, 与其他城市相比始终保持绝对优势。资源再生型城市的发展情况各不相同, 内部差异尚不明显。资源成熟型城市个体间差异逐步加大, 而资源衰退型城市之间的差异较小。整体上, 东北三省城市发展的两极分化和区域不均衡现象愈加突出。 相似文献
19.
Inadequate moisture supply is one of the important factors limiting crop yields in the world. Increasing the efficiency of moisture available has an important role on the crop-producing capacity of the soil. This paper presents the results of the laboratory experiments conducted to assess the influence of two mulches of windy sand and light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) with three thicknesses (1, 3, and 4 cm) on soil surface in soil columns. Loamy soil was taken from the experimental site in Bayaz of Rafsanjan (a city in Kerman province in Iran). These experiments were done as completely randomized design with two treatments of mulches (windy sand and LECA) and tree replicates. The results show that the columns of treated soil with mulches had lower evaporation as compared to the control. The rate of evaporation from the soil surface of columns was decreased with increasing the thickness from 1 to 4 cm of each of the two mulches. The LECA mulch was more effective in reducing evaporation from the soil surface than the windy sand mulch with the same thicknesses. The most effective among the thicknesses for mulches was 3 cm. 相似文献
20.
One of the outstanding problems in understanding the behavior of intermediate-to-silicic magmatic systems is the mechanism(s) by which large volumes of crystal-poor rhyolite can be extracted from crystal-rich mushy storage zones in the mid-deep crust. The mechanisms commonly invoked are hindered settling, micro-settling, and compaction. The concept of micro-settling involves extraction of grains from a crystal framework during Ostwald ripening and has been shown to be non-viable in the metallic systems for which it was originally proposed. Micro-settling is also likely to be insignificant in silicic mushes, because ripening rates are slow for quartz and plagioclase, contact areas between grains in a crystal mush are likely to be large, and abundant low-angle grain boundaries promote grain coalescence rather than ripening. Published calculations of melt segregation rates by hindered settling (Stokes settling in a crystal-rich system) neglect all but fluid dynamical interactions between particles. Because tabular silicate minerals are likely to form open, mechanically coherent, frameworks at porosities as high as ~?75%, settling of single crystals is only likely in very melt-rich systems. Gravitationally-driven viscous compaction requires deformation of crystals by either dissolution–reprecipitation or dislocation creep. There is, as yet, no reported microstructural evidence of extensive, syn-magmatic, internally-generated, viscous deformation in fully solidified silicic plutonic rocks. If subsequent directed searches do not reveal clear evidence for internally-generated buoyancy-driven melt segregation processes, it is likely that other factors, such as rejuvenation by magma replenishment, gas filter-pressing, or externally-imposed stress during regional deformation, are required to segregate large volumes of crystal-poor rhyolitic liquids from crustal mushy zones. 相似文献