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1.
The favela and its touristic transits 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The article discusses the development of the favela into a tourist attraction. Rocinha, Rio de Janeiro, is the paradigmatic “tourist favela”, with tours taking place regularly since the early 1990s and with three thousand tourists visiting the site each month. The development of the favela into a tourist destination is seen as part of the so-called reality tours phenomenon and of the global circulation of the favela as a trademark. The methodology included different strategies: long interviews with qualified informants, field observation, and participant observation in different tours. The article concludes with some thoughts on tourism activities in impoverished areas. 相似文献
2.
The use of geoprocessing to assess vulnerability on the east coast aquifers of Rio de Janeiro State,Brazil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Vinicius Silva Seabra Gerson Cardoso da SilvaJr Carla Bernadete Madureira Cruz 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(3):665-674
The east coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, shows a worrying overlap between areas with intrinsic groundwater vulnerability
and the most significant urban expansion zones. It experienced a rapid population growth in recent years, mainly due to the
tourism industry, resulting in a significant pressure on drinking groundwater resources. In this regard, development and use
of techniques to control and protect areas susceptible to contamination is crucial. The elaboration of aquifer vulnerability
maps is thus extremely helpful to support water resources management. The aim of the work is to present the methodological
approach in the use of Geoprocessing techniques to obtain a suitable groundwater vulnerability model in Rio de Janeiro east
coast. Considering the existing problems and the current land use and characteristics of the study region, it is clear that
the most vulnerable areas (that is, “extreme” and “very high” vulnerability areas), coincide with the most significant zones
of urban occupation, corresponding to 11% of the total study area, demanding adoption of urgent measures in the near future.
Geoprocessing tools and remote sensing for characterization of Rio de Janeiro’s east coast aquifer vulnerability gave good
results, representing a satisfactory method for management actions at low cost. 相似文献
3.
Volunteer tourism as a subset of alternative tourism is the focus of analysis. This paper contributes to the limited writings
on volunteer tourism by investigating the activities in South Africa of Habitat for Humanity, a grassroots ecumenical Christian
organization that works in partnership with communities to eliminate poverty through the provision of shelter. A profile of
the volunteer tourist and of their tourism experience in South Africa is presented which is based largely upon the return
of 123 questionnaires from volunteer tourists in South Africa working with the local branch of Habitat for Humanity.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
IJ Van der Merwe 《GeoJournal》1993,31(4):409-417
In the changing South Africa of the nineties language planning becomes a top priority on the agenda of constitutional reform. It appears however, that some misplaced enthusiasm is generated by language planners regarding the relatively well defined language regions on a national level. It should be kept in mind that approximately two-thirds of the South African population presently resides in high density urban areas. Contrary to the relatively clear-cut regionalization implied by the rural language patterns, a different form of regional demarcation and language planning is necessary in large metropolitan areas where the population concentrations are the result of a multilingual migration process. Cape Town is a suitable experimental ground to focus the methodological and conceptual shift from a national to an urban resolution level in language mapping. The aim of this paper is to address the following issues: The generalconceptual niche of cities in geolinguistics; the spatial identification ofpresent language distribution in Cape Town; the time-space pattern oflanguage change in Cape Town; the socialprofile of language speakers in Cape Town; and the consequences of the findings forlanguage planning in Cape Town and South Africa. Although Cape Town is linguistically probably one of the least diverse cities in South Africa, three language groups (Africaans, English and Xhosa) are clearly apparent within the limited surface area of the urban space. Their respective distribution patterns are relatively segregated within specific neighbourhoods of the city. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2005,18(3-4):383-389
The spatial and temporal arrangement of volcanism produced by hot spots potentially can reveal the history of lithosphere plate drift. From the age of these igneous bodies, it is possible to estimate not only the drift speed of plates but also the timing of eventual route changes. This article concentrates on the apparent link between both the Poços de Caldas–Cabo Frio alkaline rocks alignment (Rio de Janeiro state) and the Vitória–Trindade chain (situated on the oceanic crust adjacent to Espírito Santo state, Brazil) to a single fixed hot spot. On the basis of geological, geomorphological, and geochronological evidence, the authors propose that the South American continent may have experienced a clockwise rotation during the Eocene, which resulted in the relative displacement of hot spot volcanic manifestations from Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro state) to the western border of the Vitória–Trindade chain. At this time, several tectonic, sedimentary, and magmatic events took place that were capable of causing the inferred Eocene displacement. It is worth noting the coincidence between the northeastern trend of the oil fields of the Campos basin and the suggested path of the basin as it moved over the hot spot. 相似文献
6.
Priscila da Cunha Luz Barcellos Marcello Silva da Costa Marcio Cataldi Carlos Alberto Pereira Soares 《Natural Hazards》2017,89(1):313-330
In the last years, natural hazards related to flash floods have caused serious damage and losses to the population of the state of Rio de Janeiro. This research discusses the importance of implementing a methodology for the prevention of flash floods, by comparing the methods applied since 2013 in the city of Duque de Caxias, in the Baixada Fluminense region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the major prevention actions suggested by the Flash Flood Early Warning System Reference Guide from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, questioning civil defense professionals about the importance of each method to vulnerable communities. Even without the occurrence of an extreme event that proves the effectiveness of the method between 2014 and 2016, the population will certainly be better prepared to face the risks of disasters in the city in the future. In addition, the study also underscores an approach of approximation between academic studies and operational activities, which is still very incipient in Brazil. 相似文献
7.
Gustav Visser 《GeoJournal》2004,60(3):283-299
South Africa has recorded considerable growth in tourism activity over the past decade. In the light of the vast range of
economic sectors that gain from tourism development, the national government has instituted a range of incentives and initiatives
to stimulate tourism development, with the expansion of tourism infrastructure aimed at high-end tourists forming a key component
of this strategy. Little investment has, however, been made in tourism infrastructure targeting those markets that prefer
to avoid high-end tourism facilities. In this respect backpacker tourists and their preferred accommodation type, backpacker
hostels, are a case in point. Despite backpacker tourism being largely ignored in national tourism development initiatives,
backpacker tourism is increasingly popular in South Africa. This paper focuses on the recent proliferation of backpacker tourism
in this country and seeks to convey the results of the first nation-wide exploration in this regard. The paper has two main
objectives. Firstly, it seeks to present broad-ranging empirical data concerning this tourist cohort and their preferred accommodation
type- backpacker hostels — in the South African context. Secondly, it aims to demonstrate why backpacker tourists and hostels
hold much potential for local development initiatives in South Africa. In the light of the findings of this study, the paper
concludes that the expansion of backpacker tourism to this country might form an appropriate means by which to achieve a range
of local development objectives. 相似文献
8.
G. O. P. Obasi 《Journal of Earth System Science》1993,102(1):27-34
In the light of the current worldwide concern on climate and global change and the outcome of the United Nations Conference
on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992, the paper relates climate and global change to sustainable
development. It emphasizes the importance of scientific research in the advancement of knowledge in the related areas. The
role of science to socio-economic development is discussed in the context of the symbiotic relationship between science and
society. In this connection, the four areas identified by the Rio Conference are discussed. 相似文献
9.
Landslides - This article describes the behavior of a talus-colluvium deposit up to 70-m thick located in the Serra dos Orgaos, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil. The monitoring dataset of 13 years... 相似文献
10.
11.
This paper presents a synthesis of the main characteristics of precipitation in the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) based on extreme rainfall indicators. Daily precipitation data are derived from 56 rainfall stations during the second half of the twentieth century and the 2000s. Eight indices related to extreme precipitation were analyzed. The Mann–Kendall nonparametric test and the Sen's Curvature were employed to evaluate the significance and magnitude of trends. The primary climatological aspects and identified trends throughout the last decades are discussed, besides the hydrometeorological impacts associated with them. Lower values of annual total precipitation are recorded in northern Rio de Janeiro (around 800 mm) and higher in the southern State (up to 2,200 mm). The Serra do Mar affects the frequency of heavy precipitation, and the areas near the sea and high relief present the highest values of consecutive days with expressive rainfall (more than 150 mm in 5 days). These areas also showed a high concentration of flood and landslides events. Most of Rio de Janeiro exhibits precipitation intensity of about 13 mm/day. The maximum number of consecutive dry days shows a gradient from the coast (about 30 days) to the State's interior (around 50 days). Regarding trends, there is a growth of accumulated extreme precipitation in various stations near the ocean. The extreme rainfall in 24 h displays an increase in most Rio de Janeiro (+?1 to?+?5 mm/decade). The consecutive dry and rainy days present similar signs of decreasing trends, suggesting irregularly distributed precipitation in the State. This study is especially relevant for decision-makers who need detailed information in the short and long term to prevent natural hazards like floods and landslides and the related impacts in the environmental and socioeconomic sectors of the Rio de Janeiro.
相似文献12.
Julia Meschkank 《GeoJournal》2011,76(1):47-62
The paper seeks to contribute to the recent slum tourism-debate. On the basis of an empirical field study conducted in Mumbai
in 2009, this article investigates how Indian slums are observed by different actors within the communication context of this
(emerging) form of tourism. Taking into consideration that slums are defined in public discourse nearly exclusively by poverty
and sordidness, it is interesting to examine how the tour agency’s objective of correcting the negative connotations of poverty
is achieved. Accordingly, the study aims, by means of a second order observation, to observe how the tourists and the tour
agency simultaneously perceive and charge poverty. Following the epistemological premise that reality is an observer-dependent
construction, it seeks to outline which different images or realities of the investigated slum, Dharavi, are created by the
different observations. The findings will then facilitate a discussion of the extent to which poverty can be defined as the
dominant mode of observation of the slum tourism context as a whole. 相似文献
13.
The natural environment plays an important role in adventure tourism. Specific environments are often necessary for certain types of adventure tourism and unique settings are seen to enhance the value of adventure tourism experiences. Given the importance of the environment in adventure tourism, the interplay between humans and the environment in this context should be given further attention. Although much research has examined the physical environmental impacts caused by specific activities considered adventure tourism, the impact of the environment on the behavior of adventure tourists has only briefly been touched upon. Environmental attitudes are said to be an indicator of environmentally conscious behavior. In the tourism context, however, conflicting results have been found as to whether or not environmental attitudes drive consumer behavior. Therefore, the manner in which environmental attitudes, using the New Environmental Paradigm scale, influence the motivations of participants in adventure tourism is investigated using the case of commercial adventure tourism in South Africa. The results show that the environmental attitudes of this group of tourists were relatively low and that the links between environmental attitudes and adventure tourism motivations are relatively weak. Therefore, the impact of general environmental attitudes on adventure tourist behavior is questionable. 相似文献
14.
Giovanni Dolif Andre Engelbrecht Alessandro Jatobá Antônio José Dias da Silva José Orlando Gomes Marcos R. S. Borges Carlos A. Nobre Paulo Victor R. de Carvalho 《Natural Hazards》2013,65(3):1831-1847
Natural disasters, particularly those triggered by heavy rainfall, may cause major damage and death. However, if an accurate early warning is issued, the damage can be mitigated. In Latin America and Brazil, characteristics of socioeconomic development often lead to a disorderly growth of cities and, consequently, occupation and irregular construction in risk areas. Therefore, forecasts of heavy rainfall, as well as preventative and mitigatory actions based on meteorological data/alerts, are essential to saving lives and minimizing material loss. An event that would have benefited from such actions is that which occurred in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro in January 2011, when over 800 people lost their lives. This work describes the first research initiative on resilience engineering domain in systems to forecast heavy rains in Rio de Janeiro. The results indicate important sources of brittleness in the system that supports the work of meteorologists, mainly related to the technical and organizational framework, and suggests that the main source of resilience in dealing with critical situations is the tacit knowledge of experts. 相似文献
15.
Gustav Visser 《GeoJournal》2004,60(3):259-271
The paper aims to make a contribution towards addressing the current paucity of academic reflection on second home development
in South Africa. The paper focuses on the intersection between tourism, second homes and local development, as embodied in
the empirical realities of a Cape Town neighbourhood — De Waterkant. It is argued that this particular case study presents
an example of the types of local development impacts that second home expansion holds for host communities. These impacts
include employment generation, urban conservation, a range of forward and backward economic linkages, as well as a flexible
tourist accommodation supply. Moreover, the case study elucidates an interesting example of second homes as sites of simultaneous
tourism space production and consumption at work.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Ambrosina Gontijo-Pascutti Francisco H.R. Bezerra Emanuele La Terra Julio C.H. Almeida 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2010,29(2):522-536
In the Ribeira belt, southeastern Brazil, the Precambrian mylonitic fabric mainly formed during the Brasiliano/Pan-African orogeny (640–480 Ma) and was reactivated as fault zones in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. The reactivation process led to the development of the System of Continental Rifts of southeastern Brazil, from the Paleogene to the Quaternary. We investigated the brittle reactivation of a mylonitic zone, which is part of a major mylonitic belt, Arcádia-Areal. We used geological and geomorphological mapping, resistivity survey, controlled source audiomagnetotelluric survey, and luminescence dating. Our results indicate that this shear zone was reactivated and formed a 15 km long and 2 km wide sedimentary-filled trough, the Rio Santana Graben. It is located on the northwest border of a major structure, the Guanabara Graben, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The Rio Santana Graben forms an almost entirely fault-bounded, NE-elongated depression that was accommodated entirely within the Arcádia-Areal shear zone. The graben consists of two main depocenters separated by a relay ramp. The graben formed by means of multistage activity of several faults during at least two main periods. The first period formed silicified fault breccia and occurred during alkaline magmatism in the Paleogene. The second formed fault breccia and gouge in shallow conditions and occurred at least until the Quaternary. The NE-trending and NW-dipping Precambrian fabric was reactivated as dip-slip and strike-slip faults. These faults triggered clastic-sediment deposition at least 300 m thick. The upper part of the graben consists of Quaternary alluvial and colluvial sediment fill, which yielded maximum luminescence deposition ages from 49 to 13 ka in the center of the trough. An organic layer at the top of the Quaternary alluvial deposits yielded 14C ages at ～6000 years BP. The lower part of the graben may be composed of Paleogene to Neogene sedimentary deposits, which occur in other basins of the System of Continental Rifts of southeastern Brazil. We conclude that the Rio Santana Graben is an example of the direct control of a preexisting continental-scale rheological boundary on the geometry and location of fault systems and sediment deposition. Quaternary fault reactivation of the preexisting fabrics represents only the latest movement of a major structure. 相似文献
17.
Martin F. Price Dr. 《GeoJournal》1992,27(1):87-96
In recent decades, tourism has developed rapidly in mountain regions throughout the world, causing substantial economic, social, and environmental changes. While the physical and social environments of the world's mountains are characterized by their great diversity at all scales, comparable patterns of the development and impacts of tourism, and responses to it, have occurred and are taking place. However, tourism is not omnipresent in the world's mountains, and the degree of its development varies significantly over both space and time.Drawing on literature from around the world, five themes are considered: accessibility; temporal dimensions; types of tourists; changes in communities as perceived by tourists; and changes in the socio-cultural structure of tourist communities. It is concluded that no formal model of the growth and effects of tourism in mountain areas can represent the great diversity of patterns of development. Trends identified within the paper are not clear-cut, and should be used as hypotheses for future research, especially because of the lack of repeat, longitudinal, or comparative studies to date. It is questionable whether tourism can be relied on as the basis for the long-term future of mountain communities; much research is required to elucidate the complicated forces involved. 相似文献
18.
Claudio 《Geoforum》2001,32(4)
This paper describes key urban development strategies pursued during the last seven years by the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city in Brazil. It discloses internal processes, organisational restructuring of the municipality and institutional changes geared to increase effective urban management and resource mobilisation required to implement multiple sector programmes and key projects in several locations in the city like Favela Bairro and Rio Cidade Programmes, The Rio Strategic Plan, etc. It is argued that the formation of interdepartmental working groups for better horizontal articulation of policy making and implementation, the creation of the financial and accounting unit, the decentralisation of authority towards sub-municipality levels, and capacity strengthening of its personnel – among other things – have made a positive impact on the performance of local government. The paper further highlights a significant change towards policies of urban consolidation and revitalisation of declined areas of the city supported by heavy public investments and the effort towards broader civil society involvement in municipal projects. Municipal autonomy, problem-solving and result-oriented type of planning and management and organisational change are some of the lessons pinpointed by the paper for a city of that size and complexity. 相似文献
19.
Vikas K. S. Thakur S. Sreedeep Devendra N. Singh 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(3):565-578
A Dewpoint PotentiaMeter (WP4) was used to measure suction of two fine-grained soils: a locally available silty soil and commercially
available white clay, rapidly. Using these results, efforts were made to check the suitability and efficiency of various fitting
functions, for defining the soil–water characteristic curve, SWCC, for high suction ranges (0–80 MPa). In addition to this,
a knowledge-based database SoilVision 3.34 was used to estimate the SWCC using Pedo-transfer functions, PTFs. The study brings
out that the Fredlund et al. [1997, Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Unsaturated Soil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 13–23] PTF yields the best estimate of SWCC for fine-grained soils. The influence of the soil
type and dry unit weight, on suction and the SWCC fitting parameters, have also been studied. 相似文献
20.
Urban tourism and small tourism enterprise development in Johannesburg: The case of township tourism 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christian M. Rogerson 《GeoJournal》2004,60(3):249-257
Urban tourism is a focus of vibrant research in developed countries. In this paper the focus is upon an element of urban tourism
in a developing world city, viz., Johannesburg. Specific attention centers on an analysis of the role of small enterprise development in urban tourism. The
major issues surrounding the development of small tourism businesses in two of Johannesburg's former black townships, namely
Soweto and Alexandra, which are emerging as centers for so-termed ‘township tourism’ in South Africa, are investigated.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献