共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 147 毫秒
1.
对土石坝心墙掺砾黏土开展模拟心墙单元小主应力方向加载的真三轴试验,首先对试样进行不同围压条件下等向固结,然后保持小主应力恒定,通过调整大主应力和中主应力,以模拟土石坝竣工后的初始三向应力状态。试验过程中保持大主应力和中主应力恒定,从小主应力方向单向加载,以模拟土石坝蓄水过程中心墙单元所经历的应力路径。试验结果与常规三轴试验以及复杂应力条件下大主应力方向真三轴加载试验结果都有显著不同。不同初始应力条件下,不同主应力方向的初始切线模量和初始切线泊松比的变化规律非常复杂,应力–应变显现出明显的各向异性。在心墙堆石坝施工过程及蓄水过程中,心墙单元所经历的应力路径明显不同,合理的土体本构模型应该对这种由于加荷路径不同所引起的不同方向模量和泊松比进行合理描述。 相似文献
2.
目前针对堆石或土石坝的心墙水力劈裂问题虽然已取得了不少成果,但现有的成果大多从宏观的角度进行研究,对心墙水力劈裂发生机制的认识尚未达成一致的观点。采用颗粒流方法从细观角度对心墙水力劈裂问题进行初步研究,模拟了心墙水力劈裂发生和发展的过程。计算结果表明,劈裂水压力Pf随着竖向应力的增大而增大,且两者基本呈线性关系,与室内成果的规律基本一致;心墙在高水力梯度作用下,形成的水楔效应降低了裂缝尖端区附近的最大主应力,当该值小于或接近心墙上游的外水压力时则会导致水力劈裂的发生。此外,计算结果还证明了心墙发生水力劈裂的主要力学原因是由于心墙中的张拉应力超过了土体的抗拉强度。 相似文献
3.
王俊臣 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2004,34(4):592-595
以岩土力学为基础的土坝设计方法,能够定性和半定量地分析坝体和地基稳定性、估算坝体和地基的沉降量,而不能全面分析地基和坝体内部应力应变状态.采用邓肯E-K模型,对水电站坝基和坝体在填筑和蓄水条件下的应力和变形进行了动态模拟计算,结果表明,坝体和心墙垂直和水平变形在竣工和蓄水期均符合规范要求,心墙在蓄水期间不会产生水力劈裂. 相似文献
4.
应力各向异性对地基变形的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应力诱导各向异性对复杂应力状态下土体的变形规律有重要影响 :建立在常规三轴试验基础 ,加以各向同性假设的常用土体本构模型不能反映土体的这种特性。偏载作用下的地基土体单元因相对位置的不同而具有不同程度的应力各向异性 ,能否反映这种各向异性 ,直接影响到地基变形分析的结果。采用各向异性非线性弹性模型 ,对偏载作用下的地基土体变形进行有限元数值分析 ,并和邓肯模型计算结果比较 ,分析结果表明各向异性的影响不容忽视 相似文献
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在扼要分析堆石料主要力学特性的基础上,在亚塑性理论框架内,采用扩展的Gudehus-Bauer亚塑性模型对堆石料因含水率发生变化引起的湿化行为进行建模预测。扩展模型除能考虑含水率对颗粒硬度的影响外,还能反映土体密实度、应力状态和含水率等对堆石料非线性和非弹性变形的影响。将该模型应用于心墙坝初次蓄水时应力变形的亚塑性计算分析中。结果表明,扩展模型能较合理地反映心墙堆石坝的湿化变形规律。 相似文献
7.
饱和土中劈裂灌浆压力研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
在塑性力学和大变形理论的基础上,分析土体在劈裂灌浆初始阶段的力学机理。将劈裂灌浆的初始阶段视为无限土体中的圆孔扩张问题,并将圆孔周围土体中的应力分布分为两个区域。在弹性区中土体服从小变形假设,在塑性区中服从大变形假设。利用水力压裂理论和圆孔扩张理论,假设孔隙水压力大于或等于初始应力与扩张应力增量之和时,土体将出现拉应力,若拉应力超过土的抗拉强度,土体将产生开裂,此时的灌浆压力就为初始劈裂灌浆压力。当土体在灌浆压力作用下,大小主应力正好换位时,则出现劈裂时的灌浆压力就为二次劈裂灌浆压力值,推导出饱和土体劈裂灌浆压力的理论公式。该理论的计算结果与工程实测结果比较接近,初步证实了该理论的可靠性。 相似文献
8.
采用静止土压力系数K0描述土体初始应力各向异性程度,建立了压力控制边界条件的柱孔扩张数值模型,分析压力为边界条件的圆柱孔扩张特性。计算结果表明,初始应力条件各向异性时,柱孔周围的土体的径向位移是不相等的,扩张后的柱孔呈椭圆形,初始应力各向异性是柱孔非对称扩张的内在原因;塑性区的分布具有明显的方向性,塑性区最大半径位于柱孔周围初始大主应力方向上;在相同的扩张压力下,随不排水抗剪强度增加,土体的塑性区减小,且土体初始应力各向异性造成的土体塑性区分布各向异性程度也随之减小;在相同的扩张压力下,柱孔初始应力越大,其塑性区范围越大,且土体初始应力各向异性造成的土体塑性区分布的各向异性程度也越大。 相似文献
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保持大主应力、中主应力不变,增大小主应力是实际工程中可能存在的一种应力路径,土石坝蓄水和土方回填等就类似这种加荷方式。就该应力路径对宁波淤泥土进行了真三轴试验,针对真三轴试验结果,对本构关系中的弹性模量及反映侧向变形变化规律的泊松比进行了特定条件下的研究。结果表明,在这种应力路径下排水剪切,弹性模量和泊松比随围压的增大都呈不断减小趋势,这是岩土工程中应用广泛的邓肯模型和有限无限元分析中极少考虑的现 相似文献
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One of the most important dangers that treat earth dams which can lead to interior failure over a prolonged period is the
hydraulic fracturing factor. In the case of zoned dams, due to differences in stiffness of the core and its abutment zone,
differential settlements occur between them. This factor is responsible for the arching phenomenon. Differential settlements
between core and shell cause cracks within the core initially sub-surface, Those cracks may develop the first impounding causing
internal erosion on the dam core. In this research, using a computer modeling of Ghavoshan rockfill dam (located the west
part of Iran) as a case study computed by SIGMA/W program, the role of the dam core shape on those factors is demonstrated.
It is found that an inclined core shape is preferred in a condition that is especially important settlements of construction
during for dam body. The result of finite element analysis indicates desired conditions from the point of view of stress,
deformation and resistance against hydraulic fracturing for the same width of dam designs. Moreover, this can be higher priority
for embankment dam designs. 相似文献
12.
心墙是否会发生水力劈裂关系土石坝的安全,该问题的难点和关键之一是水力劈裂的发生机制和条件。利用自制模型,在2种不同加压速率条件下,对有无初始裂缝和5种不同初始裂缝深度的试样进行了水力劈裂试验;结合数值模拟和CT观测试验,验证了水力劈裂的楔劈效应机制-当水压力作用在初始裂缝形成的劈背上,引起劈刃上的力超过临界值时就可能导致发生水力劈裂。研究结果表明：初始裂缝深度越大、加压速率越高,越容易发生水力劈裂。为避免土石坝发生水力劈裂破坏,应注意心墙迎水面的施工质量和平整性,宜采用较慢的蓄水方案。 相似文献
13.
试验和现场观测都发现高土石坝的坝料在高压及湿化作用下会发生显著的颗粒破碎,颗粒破碎会改变土石料的级配曲线和密度,因而影响其后继力学行为,因此,土石料的颗粒破碎是当前岩土工程领域的研究热点。为了模拟土石料在高压及湿化作用下发生显著的颗粒破碎现象,以及循环加载中的颗粒破碎与应力诱导各向异性随动硬化共同影响下土石料的变形,本文提出了一个建模方法,考虑土石料颗粒破碎和密度变化的影响。所建议的次塑性本构模型在经过试验资料的验证后可用于动力有限元数值计算。 相似文献
14.
This paper presents a finite‐element (FE) model for simulating injection well testing in unconsolidated oil sands reservoir. In injection well testing, the bottom‐hole pressure (BHP) is monitored during the injection and shut‐in period. The flow characteristics of a reservoir can be determined from transient BHP data using conventional reservoir or well‐testing analysis. However, conventional reservoir or well‐testing analysis does not consider geomechanics coupling effects. This simplified assumption has limitations when applied to unconsolidated (uncemented) oil sands reservoirs because oil sands deform and dilate subjected to pressure variation. In addition, hydraulic fracturing may occur in unconsolidated oil sands when high water injection rate is used. This research is motivated in numerical modeling of injection well testing in unconsolidated oil sands reservoir considering the geomechanics coupling effects including hydraulic fracturing. To simulate the strong anisotropy in mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of unconsolidated oil sands induced by fluid injection in injection well testing, a nonlinear stress‐dependent poro‐elasto‐plastic constitutive model together with a strain‐induced anisotropic permeability model are formulated and implemented into a 3D FE simulator. The 3D FE model is used to history match the BHP response measured from an injection well in an oil sands reservoir. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Wen Chen Christian La Borderie Olivier Maurel Gilles Pijaudier‐Cabot Franck Rey‐Bethbeder 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(5):457-474
The results reported in this paper deal with the simulation of damage in cohesive geomaterials such as rocks or concrete subjected to dynamic loads. The practical objective is to stimulate the production of tight gas reservoirs with a technique that is an alternative to hydraulic fracturing. The principle is that when subjected to dynamic loads, cohesive materials such as concrete, rocks or ceramics exhibit distributed micro‐cracking as opposed to localised cracking observed under static loads. Hence, a low permeability rock containing gas trapped into occluded pores can be fragmented with the help of dynamic loads, and gas can be extracted in a much more efficient way compared with hydraulic fracturing, where only large macro cracks are formed with very few connections between occluded pores. At the stage of laboratory development of this technique, compressive underwater shock waves have been used to increase the intrinsic permeability of concrete specimens. In a previous study, pressure waves generated by pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharges in water were used in order to induce micro‐cracking and an increase of average permeability of concrete hollow cylinders subjected to confinement stresses (equivalent to geostatic stresses). We discuss here a 3‐D anisotropic constitutive model aimed at describing the dynamic response of these specimens. It is based on rate‐dependent continuum damage constitutive relations. Crack closure effects and damage‐induced anisotropy are included in the model. The directional growth of damage is related to the directional growth of material intrinsic permeability. Numerical simulations of damage induced by shock waves show good agreement with the experiments for various confinement levels of the specimens. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
由于加荷方式不同,土体在复杂应力状态下在各主应力方向上应力-应变关系表现出显著应力各向异性,在常规三轴试验基础上,采用经典弹塑性理论各向同性土体模型对此不能合理描述。通过真三轴试验,总结应力各向异性柔度矩阵规律,结合试验规律进行相应理论研究,用非线性各向异性弹性矩阵代替弹塑性模型的弹性矩阵,用具有各向异性屈服准则的弹塑性模型描述塑性部分,建立非线性各向异性弹性-塑性模型,可以改善柔度矩阵矩阵形态,反映复杂应力状态下土体应力各向异性特征。 相似文献
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页岩储层通常呈薄层状结构,一般认为其岩石力学参数具有横向各向同性,而其各向异性受围压（CP）、含水率和总有机质含量（TOC）等多种因素的影响。本文对不同围压下的鹰滩（Eagle Ford）页岩进行超声波波速进行测试实验,研究围压对鹰滩页岩波速及岩石力学各向异性的影响。实验结果表明,鹰滩页岩属于弱各向异性多孔介质,并具有横向各向同性、垂向各向异性的性质。纵波（P波）和横波（S波）波速随围压的增大而增大,特别是在低围压范围内增幅显著,同时围压增大会降低纵波和横波的各向异性,纵波各向异性比横波各向异性对围压更敏感。对鹰滩页岩各向异性分析为页岩储层压裂过程中裂缝的起裂和延伸规律研究提供了必要的力学参数。 相似文献
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A numerical model is proposed to investigate the impact of water and nitrogen fracturing fluids on the fracturing initiation pressure and the flow pattern in anisotropic shale reservoirs. This model considers the anisotropy of shale deformation and permeability, the compressibility of fracturing fluid, and the fluid moving front. A crack initiation criterion is established with the stress intensity factor of mode I crack. Both crack initiation pressure and seepage area are verified and analyzed. These results show that shale deformation and permeability anisotropy, fracturing fluid compressibility, viscosity, and pressurization rate have significant impacts on fracturing initiation pressure and seepage area. 相似文献
19.
水力压裂技术是油气藏尤其是页岩气开发中的核心技术,利用数值模拟方法进行压裂优化和产能预测又是水力压裂成功的关键。本文首先介绍了水力压裂技术的发展历程。然后从计算模型(二维模型、拟三维模型和全三维模型)和数值模拟方法(基于连续介质和基于非连续介质)两方面对油气藏开发领域的水力压裂计算模拟技术进行较全面的总结。最后,从以下3个方面指出现今研究的不足并提出了进一步的研究建议:(1)全三维模型的完善-全三维模型应当与真实的工程参数和监测数据结合,用于校正模型本身,而校正后的全三维模型又可预测和优化新的现场水力压裂作业; (2)数值模拟方法的选用-已有的水力压裂数值模拟方法种类繁多,需要针对各种方法的适用范围、计算效率和模拟效果等,进行全面的比较和优化; (3)页岩储层中天然裂缝网络的数值模拟-天然裂隙网络加剧了页岩储层力学性质的各向异性,同时水力裂缝沟通天然裂缝活化扩展是有利于储层的增渗增产,对压裂缝网的形态、尺寸和连通率等起着至关重要的作用。因此,数值计算过程中综合考虑页岩储层中天然裂缝与水力裂缝的相互作用,将是未来水力压裂模拟的热点。 相似文献