共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
2.
The nature of scalar field potentials plays a dominant role in the cosmological dynamics of scalar-tensor gravity. The superpotential reconstruction technique is an interesting way to determine the nature of scalar field potentials by taking the Hubble parameter as a function of scalar field. The present study is an application of this technique in the gravitational framework of scalar-tensor gravity using LRS Bianchi type I universe. We explore the nature of scalar field potentials for some particular cases. It is found that the potentials in all cases turn out to be of polynomial nature and the anisotropy parameter m classifies its degree. The graphical behavior of the directional Hubble parameter shows monotonic behavior which is in contrast to the FRW case. 相似文献
3.
Some astrophysical observations of molecular hydrogen point to a broadening of the velocity distribution for molecules at excited rotational levels. This effect is observed in both Galactic and high-redshift clouds. Analysis of H2, HD, and CI absorption lines has revealed the broadening effect in the absorption system of QSO 1232+082 (z abs = 2.33771). We analyze line broadening mechanisms by considering in detail the transfer of ultraviolet radiation (in the resonance lines of the Lyman and Werner H2 molecular bands) for various velocity distributions at excited rotational levels. The mechanism we suggest includes the saturation of the lines that populate excited rotational levels (radiative pumping) and manifests itself most clearly in the case of directional radiation in the medium. Based on the calculated structure of a molecular hydrogen cloud in rotational level populations, we have considered an additional mechanism that takes into account the presence of a photodissociation region. Note that disregarding the broadening effects we investigated can lead to a significant systematic error when the data are processed. 相似文献
4.
The interaction between the geomagnetic and interplanetary magnetic fields is studied through its effects upon the intensities of solar electrons reaching the polar caps during times of strongly anisotropic electron fluxes in the magnetosheath. During the particle event of 18 November 1968, electrons of solar origin were observed outside the magnetopause with detectors aboard OGO-5. This is the only case on record for which high resolution directional flux observations are available for determining in detail the electron angular distribution, and thus the electron density in the magnetosheath. Correlative studies of these satellite observations and concurrent measurements by riometers and ionospheric forward scatter systems in both polar regions have revealed that the initial stage of the associated Polar Cap Absorption event is attributable to the prompt arrival of solar electrons. The electron flux precipitating into the south polar region was equal to or larger than the mean directional flux in interplanetary space, whereas over the north pole it was equal to or less than the backscattered flux. This evidence of a north-south asymmetry in the solar electron flux at a time when the interplanetary magnetic field vector was nearly parallel with the ecliptic plane supports an open magnetospheric model. The ratio of particle intensities in the High Polar Latitude and Low Polar Latitude regions in the southern hemisphere is consistent with that determined at times when the interplanetary electron fluxes were isotropic. The analysis indicates that an anisotropic electron flux may be isotropized at the magnetopause before propagating into the polar regions. 相似文献
5.
Polarization-based line spectroscopy is a valuable tool in determining the characteristics of electron distribution functions in anisotropic plasmas. For instance, directional electrons can unevenly populate the magnetic sublevels of atomic energy levels resulting in partial polarization of the emitted spectral lines. The large dimensions of astrophysical sources raise the possibility of non-negligible self-absorption effects on spectral line properties. Alternatively, the high densities characteristic of laser-produced laboratory plasmas can also result in substantial optical depth values. We present a modeling study of He-like Fe line emissions in which we investigate the effects of radiation transport on the polarization of selected spectral lines under corona conditions. 相似文献
6.
C. K. Ng 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1986,126(2):313-327
We present a general second-order-correct frame transformation on spherical-harmonic coefficients of differential particle intensity. The transformation, valid for relativistic particles as well, provides a clear view of the Compton-Getting effect. It shows explicitly how each transformed harmonic coefficient depends on a subset of the original harmonic coefficients. The general expression for the first-order Compton-Getting vector anisotropy is derived and interpreted. In addition, we show how the new transformation allows one to simplify a current procedure for determining the directional intensity in a comoving frame. This involves the directional particle data measured on a spacecraft. 相似文献
7.
S. Bianchi A. Ferrara J. I. Davies P. B. Alton 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,311(3):601-610
We present Monte Carlo radiative-transfer simulations for spiral galaxies modelled as a stellar disc and a two-phase clumpy dust distribution. We divide the volume occupied by the dust into a three-dimensional grid and assign each cell a clump or smooth medium status. Cell dimension, clump dust mass and spatial distribution are derived from the observed properties of giant molecular clouds and molecular gas in the Galaxy. We produce models for several values of the optical depth and fraction of the interstellar medium residing in clumps. As a general result, clumpy models are less opaque than the corresponding homogeneous models. For the adopted parameters, the increase in the fraction of energy that escapes the disc is moderate, resulting in surface-brightness profiles that are less than one magnitude brighter than those of the homogeneous models. The effects of clumping are larger for edge-on views of the disc. This is in contrast with previous preliminary results for clumping in the literature. We show how differences arise from the different parametrization and clump distribution adopted. We also consider models in which a fraction of the stellar radiation is emitted within the clumps. In this case, galaxies are less transparent than in the case when only dust is clumped. The opacity can be even higher than in the homogeneous case, depending on the fraction of embedded stellar emission. We point out the implications of the results for the determination of the opacity and dust mass of spiral galaxies. 相似文献
8.
The source responsible for the soft x-ray excess in the emission spectrum of the pulsar RX J1037.5-5647 is associated with
a hot spot on the surface of the neutron star near the base of an accretion column. The intensity of the emission from this
source, however, only undergoes small (on the order of 15%) variations, while the intensity of the hard component varies substantially
with the rotation period of the neutron star. We show that this situation can occur if the angle between the axis of rotation
and the magnetic axis of the neutron star is no more than 8°. The variation in the intensity of the hard component of the
radiation in this case is interpreted in terms of an anisotropy in the directional diagram. In this scenario, the angle of
inclination of the orbit of the binary system is close to 10°. 相似文献
9.
M. D. Campbell-Brown 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2008,102(1-4):79-84
The majority of small (millimeter size) meteoroids striking the Earth every year belong to the sporadic sources: the helion/antihelion,
apex and toroidal sources. Radar data from the CMOR facility near London, Ontario, Canada provides five years of sporadic
activity information and velocity distributions at two degree resolution, allowing the fine structure of each source to be
investigated. We have used five years of orbital data to investigate the directional dependence of the activity and the velocity
distribution of the sporadic meteoroid population on a two degree scale. These data can be used to investigate the origin
of the sporadic meteoroid sources. 相似文献
10.
We present a general formalism for discussing the structure and dynamics of plasma disks, around slowly rotating compact objects, having finite viscosity and conductivity. As a test case we consider the situation for the case when the central object is non-rotating and the plasma is with infinite conductivity and show the existence of equilibrium solution for a self-consistent velocity distribution. 相似文献
11.
The purpose of this paper is to present and evaluate a new technique to better understand ionospheric convection and it’s magnetospheric drivers using convection maps derived from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). We postulate that the directional derivative of the SuperDARN ionospheric convection flow can be used as a technique for understanding solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling by identifying regions of strong acceleration/deceleration of plasma flow associated with drivers of magnetospheric convection such as magnetic reconnection. Thus, the technique may be used to identify the open–closed magnetic field line boundary (OCB) in certain circumstances. In this study, directional derivatives of the SuperDARN ionospheric convection flow over a four and a half hour interval on Nov. 04, 2001, is presented during which the interplanetary magnetic field was predominantly southward. At each one-minute time point in the interval the positive peak in the directional derivative of flow is identified and evaluated via comparison with known indicators of the OCB including the poleward boundary of ultraviolet emissions from three FUV detectors onboard the IMAGE spacecraft as well as the SuperDARN spectral widths. Good comparison is found between the location of the peak in the directional derivative of SuperDARN flow and the poleward boundary of ultraviolet emissions confirming that acceleration of ionospheric plasma flow is associated with magnetic reconnection and the open–closed boundary. 相似文献
12.
Pramoda Kumar Samal Rajib Saha Pankaj Jain John P. Ralston 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,385(4):1718-1728
We introduce new symmetry-based methods to test for isotropy in cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Each angular multipole is factored into unique products of power eigenvectors, related multipoles and singular values that provide two new rotationally invariant measures mode by mode. The power entropy and directional entropy are new tests of randomness that are independent of the usual CMB power. Simulated Galactic plane contamination is readily identified. The ILC– WMAP data maps show seven axes well aligned with one another and the direction Virgo. Parameter free statistics find 12 independent cases of extraordinary axial alignment, low power entropy, or both having 5 per cent probability or lower in an isotropic distribution. Isotropy of the ILC maps is ruled out to confidence levels of better than 99.9 per cent, whether or not coincidences with other puzzles coming from the Virgo axis are included. Our work shows that anisotropy is not confined to the low l region, but extends over a much larger l range. 相似文献
13.
Huang Guangs LI 《Solar physics》1987,114(2):363-373
A theoretical analysis of electron-cyclotron maser instabilities indicates that the distribution function of non-thermal electrons influences millisecond radio spikes in solar flares, and that a hollow beam distribution is more likely than a loss-cone distribution. The restrictions of classical theories of cyclotron resonant absorption are discussed and a formula is derived for the absorption coefficient near the resonant frequency. Finally, the computations show that for typical coronal parameters, the growth rates of the fundamental of fast extraordinary modes are much faster than those of their second harmonics; and because the directional angle of the fundamental is smaller, its resonant absorption may be neglected. Moreover, the band-width of the fundamental is consistent with observation of radio spikes; therefore, we claim that the millisecond radio spikes in the decimetric range are composed mainly of fundamentals of the fast extraordinary modes. The second harmonics of fast extraordinary modes may be generated for directions near to the vertical to the magnetic field, but it is impossible to observe both fundamental and second harmonics in the same direction. 相似文献
14.
Andreas H. W. Küpper rew Macleod Douglas C. Heggie 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,387(3):1248-1252
We examine the longitudinal distribution of the stars escaping from a cluster along tidal tails. Using both theory and simulations, we show that, even in the case of a star cluster in a circular galactic orbit, when the tide is steady, the distribution exhibits maxima at a distance of many tidal radii from the cluster. 相似文献
15.
The concept of ion nonthermality is generalized within the theoretical framework of the Tsallis thermostatistics. In this
connection, a physically meaningful ion distribution function is outlined. As the nonextensive character of the nonthermal
ions increases, the distribution shoulders may become less or more prominent and high energy states are less or more probable
than in the extensive nonthermal case. Variable charge dust acoustic waves are then addressed. We first consider the case
of adiabatic dust charge variation and discuss later the case when the nonadiabatic charge variations are self-consistently
included. Our results may complement and provide new insight into previously published work in nonthermal space plasmas. 相似文献
16.
D. I. Nagirner 《Astrophysics》1994,37(4):362-371
The method of computing the radiation field in an infinite circular cylinder proposed in Part I is now applied to the case of isotropic scattering with sources on the boundary and axis of the cylinder, as well as for a uniform distribution of sources inside the cylinder. For the simplest kernel we obtain exact solutions of the basic integral equation in explicit form. For scattering in a spectral line with complete frequency redistribution and a power absorption profile we develop an asymptotic theory for the case when the optical radius of the cylinder is large. We solve the asymptotic equations for the basic characteristics of the scattering in closed form for conservative scattering and find its asymptotics. We obtain estimates of the mean number of scatterings with a layered source, and also the mean and variance of the number of scatterings with a uniform source distribution.Translated fromAstrofizika, Vol. 37, No. 4, 1994.This work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Basic Research Fund (grant 93-02-2957). 相似文献
17.
18.
S. K. Tripathy 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2014,350(1):367-374
We study cosmological models with anisotropy in expansion rates in the context of the recent observations predicting an accelerating universe. In the absence of any anisotropy in the cosmic fluid, it is shown that the role of skewness in directional Hubble rates is crucial in deciding the behavior of the model. We find that incorporation of skewness leads to a more evolving effective equation of state parameter. 相似文献
19.
J. R. Swandic 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1978,57(1):99-111
We find the distribution in space and time of scatterers as a function of particles scattered in a one-dimensional rod under the influence of an incident pulse. For the steady-state case we find the distribution of scatterers according to the number of particles that are being scattered. This gives a condition for the validity of the binary collision approximation as well as information about the effect transported particles may have on a medium. We also show how to convert these results to the first Gaussian approximation to scattering in a three-dimensional plane-parallel medium. 相似文献
20.
We show how the excursion set moving barrier model for halo abundances may be generalized to the local non-Gaussian f nl model. Our estimate assumes that the distribution of step sizes depends on f nl , but that they are otherwise uncorrelated. Our analysis is consistent with previous results for the case of a constant barrier, and highlights some implicit assumptions. It also clarifies the basis of an approximate analytic solution to the moving barrier problem in the Gaussian case, and shows how it might be improved. 相似文献