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ASTER传感器提供了包括可见光-近红外（VNIR）、短波红外（SWIR）、热红外（TIR）共14个波段的地物波谱数据。其中最高分辨率在VNIR波段达到了15m。另外,在获得地物波谱数据的同时,它还能利用在03N波段和03B波段以不同视角获得的图像组成立体像对,从而获得同一地区的高程数据。这些特点为该数据的地质应用提供了很大的方便。由于断裂构造能造成断裂带内及其两侧之间地质环境与地貌特征的差异,这种差异会造成相应地区遥感影像中地物的波谱特征及空间分布即纹理型式上的差别。反之,使用多种图像处理技术,通过增强图像的灰度差并获取纹理图像,可以使这种差异凸现出来分析图像中的这些差异,找出在灰度和纹理上的规律性变化,不但可以推断可能的断裂分布,并可确定它的性质.利用ASTER数据高空间分辨率、多波谱段及同时提供DEM数据的特点,将之用于甘肃白银地区断裂构造的识别和判读。试验表明,利用该数据判读的结果与实地调查结果有相当的一致性。 相似文献
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ASTER多光谱遥感数据目前可以用于岩石矿物资源信息的识别和提取。本研究尝试利用ASTER 可见光近红外（VNIR）和短波红外（SWIR）的多光谱遥感数据提取干旱地区的岩石与矿物信息。基于新疆天山西南缘柯坪隆起东部不同地层单元岩石的化学组成和矿物成份以及VNIR SWIR谱域光谱吸收特征的分析,我们采用相关吸收波段深度（RBD）和波段比值（BR）方法对研究区的多光谱遥感数据进行图像处理,有效区分和识别了白云岩、石灰岩、砂岩以及阿克苏群的蓝片岩—绿片岩和砂质片岩。白云岩的CO2-3吸收谱带中心波长位于232〖KG*3〗μm,与灰岩的CO2-3 吸收谱带中心波长位置235 μm相比,具有向短波长方向移动的特点,据此可以利用RBD7、RBD8分别有效的识别白云岩和灰岩; 长英质岩石显示Al OH和Fe3+ VNIR SWIR吸收特征,而基性 超基性岩石显示Fe2+ 和Fe、Mg OH特征,利用不同的铁价态和次要矿物可以区分它们：ASTER band2/band1代表了含Fe3+ 矿物分布信息、ASTER band5/band4代表了含Fe2+ 矿物分布信息、RBD6可以估计Al OH矿物的丰度; 砂质/泥质片岩含较多的多硅白云母、绿泥石、黑硬绿泥石以及风化后表面覆盖的其它粘土矿物,在221 μm（band 6）存在有特征的吸收谱带,并且在165 μm（band 4）具有较高的反射率,而蓝片/绿片岩在221 μm（band 6）反射率较高,不具有明显特征吸收谱带,同时其在165 μm（band 4）反射率较低,因此蓝片/绿片岩ASTER band4/band6 比值低。应用ASTER band4/band6波段比值可以有效的区分开砂质/泥质片岩与蓝片岩/绿片岩。 相似文献
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Integration of ASTER and landsat TM remote sensing data for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in Neyriz ophiolite zone,south Iran 
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下载免费PDF全文 Alireza Eslami Majid Ghaderi Sankaran Rajendran Amin Beiranvand Pour Mazlan Hashim 《Resource Geology》2015,65(4):375-388
Chromite deposits in Iran are located in the ophiolite complexes, which have mostly podiform types and irregular in their settings. Exploration for podiform chromite deposits associated with ophiolite complexes has been a challenge for the prospectors due to tectonic disturbance and their distribution patterns. Most of Iranian ophiolitic zones are located in mountainous and inaccessible regions. Remote sensing approach could be applicable tool for choromite prospecting in Iranian ophiolitic zones with intensely rugged topography, where systematic sampling and conventional geological mapping are limited. In this study, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data were used for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in the Neyriz ophiolitic zone in the south of Iran. Image transformation techniques, namely decorrelation stretch, band ratio and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to Landsat TM and ASTER data sets for lithological mapping at regional scale. The RGB decorrelated image of Landsat TM spectral bands 7, 5, and 4, and the principal components PC1, PC2 and PC3 image of ASTER SWIR spectral bands efficiently showed the occurrence of major lithological units in the study area at regional scale. The band ratios of 5/3, 5/1, 7/5 applied on ASTER VNIR‐SWIR bands were very useful for discriminating most of rock units in the study area and delineation of the transition zone and mantle harzburgite in the Neyriz ophiolitic complex. Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) technique was implemented to ASTER VNIR‐SWIR spectral bands for detecting minerals of rock units and especially delineation of the transition zone and mantle harzburgite as potential zones with high chromite mineralization in the Neyriz ophiolitic complex. The integration of information extracted from the image processing algorithms used in this study mapped most of lithological units of the Neyriz ophiolitic complex and identified potential areas of high chromite mineralization (transition zone and mantle harzburgite) for chromite prospecting targets in the future. Furthermore, image processing results were verified by comprehensive fieldwork and laboratory analysis in the study area. Accordingly, result of this investigation indicate that the integration of information extracted from the image processing algorithms using Landsat TM and ASTER data sets could be broadly applicable tool for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in mountainous and inaccessible regions such Iranian ophiolitic zones. 相似文献
4.
花敖包特是位于内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗的一个大型脉状银铅锌多金属矿床,其矿区的蚀变矿物主要是黏土矿物、绿泥石和方解石,此外还可见孔雀石、萤石和赤铁矿等局部蚀变矿化.结合花敖包特矿床的地质特征,本研究利用高级星载热辐射和反射探测器(ASTER)获取的遥感数据进行蚀变矿物填图.利用ASTER可见光-近红外波段和短波红外波段,对校正后遥感数据采用波段比值分析、波段组合分析和主成分分析来提取黏土矿物、绿泥石和方解石化蚀变.利用ASTER热红外波段,根据相关数值关系,对校正后遥感数据计算二氧化硅含量、QI值以及CI值来分析地质体二氧化硅含量变化规律和碳酸盐化蚀变.结合野外勘查结果发现,主成分分析、波段组合分析能够初步划分矿区绿泥石化、碳酸盐化和黏土化蚀变带以及硅化带,其中主成分分析方法取得的效果较好,显示矿区北部以绿泥石化带为主,南部以碳酸盐化和黏土化混合带为主,而热红外波段数值分析方法在矿田尺度下对矿区附近的硅化带和碳酸盐化蚀变也具有一定的识别能力. 相似文献
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基于ASTER光谱特征的科技廊带岩性填图:以新疆塔什库尔干地区为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
科技廊带填图是以解决关键地质问题为目的填图方式,但部分地区海拔高差大,交通不便,给填图工作造成巨大困难。遥感岩性解译可为填图工作提供重要参考。然而,当前主流的遥感岩性解译方法仍是基于地貌纹理等间接解译标志开展的。相对而言,矿物岩石光谱特征作为最为直接和准确的遥感岩性解译标志却少有实例报道。本文基于ASTER遥感影像和岩石光谱特征分析,对部分地区海拔高差较大的新疆塔什库尔干地区进行岩性解译工作,以检验其适用性。在野外工作对研究区岩性类型进行识别和鉴定的基础上,ASTER光谱分析成果影像可较准确显示区内主要岩性类型的地表出露。其中,ASTER热红外波段比可反映区内中高级变质岩、花岗岩类及碳酸盐岩的整体分布特征;在此基础上,ASTER可见光-近红外及短波红外波段比可准确鉴定与Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)-硅酸盐、Al-OH、Mg-OH等成分相关的矿物组成(如绿泥石、白云母及石榴子石等),从而对地表岩性出露进行更为细致的识别和分类。研究结果表明基于ASTER光谱特征的岩性填图方法在新疆、西藏等地区有天然的实用性,既可克服区内海拔高、交通不便等困难,又可准确指示地表关键岩性类型的出露情况,可作为科技廊带填图及地质研究工作的重要手段。 相似文献
7.
ASTER多光谱遥感数据目前可以用于岩石矿物资源信息的识别和提取。本研究尝试利用ASTER可见光近红外(VNIR)和短波红外(SWIR)的多光谱遥感数据提取干旱地区的岩石与矿物信息。基于新疆天山西南缘柯坪隆起东部不同地层单元岩石的化学组成和矿物成份以及VNIR-SWIR谱域光谱吸收特征的分析,我们采用相关吸收波段深度(RBD)和波段比值(BR)方法对研究区的多光谱遥感数据进行图像处理,有效区分和识别了白云岩、石灰岩、砂岩以及阿克苏群的蓝片岩—绿片岩和砂质片岩。白云岩的CO_3~(2-)吸收谱带中心波长位于2.32μm,与灰岩的CO_3~(2-)吸收谱带中心波长位置2.35μm相比,具有向短波长方向移动的特点,据此可以利用RBD7、RBD8分别有效的识别白云岩和灰岩;长英质岩石显示Al-OH和Fe~(3+)VNIR-SWIR吸收特征,而基性-超基性岩石显示Fe~(2+)和Fe、Mg-OH特征,利用不同的铁价态和次要矿物可以区分它们:ASTER band2/band1代表了含Fe~(3+)矿物分布信息、ASTER band5/band4代表了含Fe~(2+)矿物分布信息、RBD6可以估计Al-OH矿物的丰度;砂质/泥质片岩含较多的多硅白云母、绿泥石、黑硬绿泥石以及风化后表面覆盖的其它粘土矿物,在2.21μm(band6)存在有特征的吸收谱带,并且在1.65μm(band 4)具有较高的反射率,而蓝片/绿片岩在2.21μm(band 6)反射率较高,不具有明显特征吸收谱带,同时其在1.65μm(band 4)反射率较低,因此蓝片/绿片岩ASTER band4/band6比值低。应用ASTER band4/band6波段比值可以有效的区分开砂质/泥质片岩与蓝片岩/绿片岩。 相似文献
8.
用ASETR图像和地统计学纹理进行岩性分类 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
运用新获取的ASTER数据可以对岩性进行识别与分类：首先运用地统计学中的变差函数来计算分析几种选定的岩性单元的灰度值空间变化特征；运用ASTER数据的可见光一近红外波段、短波红外(SWIR)波段以及二者的组合进行岩性的分类，分析分类精度的变化。用变差函数作为纹理的计算函数来提取图像纹理，并与原始的光谱数据结合，进行岩性的分类。结果表明，与单纯的光谱分类相比，加入纹理信息可显著改善分类精度；用不同方向的滞后距离提取的图像纹理对图像的分类结果有一定的差异，尤其是对存在明显的各向异性的岩石单元。 相似文献
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This study demonstrates the use of ASTER data for the mapping of gypsum deposits and associated geological formations that occurred in the Thumrait region of southern Oman. The measurement of spectra over samples of gypsum in the 1,300–2,500 nm wavelength using a PIMA spectrometer showed the presence of distinct absorptions at 1400–1600, 1750, 1940, 2,100, and 2,400 nm characteristics to O? H stretching, H2O combinations, and S? O bending overtones and stretching, respectively. Studying the unique spectral absorption characters of gypsum samples, we developed a false color composite (FCC) and an image by decorrelation stretch using the spectral bands 7, 3, and 2 of ASTER. The results FCC showed the regions of gypsum occurrences, and the decorrelated image discriminated the gypsum occurrences from other geological formations of the area. The study of surface mineralogy of the region using the VNIR‐SWIR bands by the spectral angle mapper method showed the presence of sulfate, carbonate, and clay minerals of the geological formations in the study area. We compared the results of ASTER with the results obtained using spectral bands 12, 8, and 4 of Sentinel‐2A processed by the same methods. The study showed that the spectral bands of ASTER can be used for mapping the gypsum and associated geological formations. 相似文献
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The multispectral commercial satellite-WorldView-3 (WV-3) has the highest spatial, spectral and radiation resolutions among the satellites currently and can generate good data in the shortwave infrared (SWIR). The study area is located in the Pobei area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, which is rich in mineral resources. The spectral analyses of some typical altered hydroxy-bearing, iron-bearing, and carbonate-bearing minerals could establish several Principal Component Analysis (PCA) models and mineral indices, using the visible and near infrared (VNIR) and the shortwave infrared (SWIR) subsystems of WV-3 data. In addition, the Spectral Angle Method and the spectrum index tool of ENVI software were used to extract the relevant alteration information. The WV-3 data is well suited for identifying hydroxy-bearing alteration with rich SWIR bands which distinguish Al-OH-bearing from Mg-OH-bearing alteration. Hence, this study provides a basis for the prediction of mineral resources in the Pobei area and sets the foundation for WV-3 data to be used as an important tool in extracting alteration information and prospecting practices. 相似文献
11.
ASTER数据在浅覆盖区蚀变遥感异常信息提取中的应用——以新疆西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿岩体为例 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
遥感卫星的多光谱数据应用于找矿已取得显著成效,2004年7月中国卫星地面站开始提供ASTER（Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer,高级星载热发射反照辐射计）数据,因涵盖波长范围宽［VNIR（Visible and Near Infrared）、SWIR（Short wavelength Infrared）、TIR（Thermal Infrared）］、波段多（14个波段）、性价比合理等因素,ASTER数据的研究迅速发展。长久以来,对覆盖区进行蚀变遥感异常信息提取一直是遥感找矿的关注点之一。笔者等利用ASTER数据对浅覆盖区——包古图斑岩铜矿的Ⅱ号、Ⅴ号斑岩体进行蚀变遥感异常提取,提取的蚀变异常与野外地质情况吻合性好。分别提取了光谱特征谱带差异明显的2组蚀变矿物的异常信息：第一组是蒙脱石、埃洛石、伊利石与绢云母;第二组是方解石、黑云母与绿泥石。提出了需要进一步工作的异常靶区。 相似文献
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Nirmala Jain Ramdayal Singh Priyom Roy Tapas R. Martha K. Vinod Kumar Prakash Chauhan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(16):455
We explored the utilization of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data for mapping of hydrothermal alteration zones. The region in and around the cities of Dungarpur and Udaipur of Rajasthan state in India was selected for this study. The rock types of Dungarpur and Udaipur are serpentinites, talc-carbonate, talc-schist, and quartzite of the Aravalli Supergroup. Hydrothermally altered zones and resultant hydrous minerals play an important role in the genesis of these rocks. We aimed to identify possible locations of hydrothermally altered zones in regional context around Dungarpur and Udaipur using Landsat-8 OLI data. False-color composite maps and band ratios were prepared from Landsat-8 bands. Band ratios such as band 6/band 7 (short-wave infrared 1 (SWIR1)/short wave infrared 2 (SWIR2)), band 4/band 3 (red/green), and band 5/band 6 (near infrared (NIR)/SWIR1) and visual interpretation techniques were used to identify the hydrothermally altered zones. Spectroscopic analyses of field rock samples were done to validate the hydrothermal alteration zones delineated from the analysis of Landsat-8 data. We present the combined results of Landsat-8 and field spectroradiometer analysis which brings out the hydrothermal alteration zones associated with hydrous minerals (antigorite, lizardite, montmorillonite, vermiculite, talc, and saponite). The study demonstrates the utility Landsat-8 OLI (with field spectroradiometer data) in the mapping of hydrothermally altered zones as a key in understanding geological processes. 相似文献
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The Lut block, eastern Iran, is one of the most extensive Cenozoic magmatic rocks, that show suitable targets for porphyry Cu-Au and high-sulfidation epithermal Au related to porphyry Cu-Au mineralization. In this study, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer （ASTER） was used to identify different erosion levels of three porphyry Cu deposits, including Maherabad, Shadan, and Chah Shaljami, located in the Lut block volcanic-plutonic belt. Alteration minerals, including kaolinite, dickite, alunite, jarosite, epidote, chlorite, montmorillonite, muscovite, biotite, orthoclase, gypsum, and quartz, are selected to map different alteration zones and erosion levels. Distributions of end-members are mapped by using the SAM and MTMF in VNIR and SWIR of ASTER bands and the results are evaluated against the field studies. For some end-members, the results of SAM processing are more reliable compared to the MTMF because the latter looses field spectra. The use of angle threshold in the SAM, and MF-score and infeasibility value in the MTMF or low abundance of some end-members, and finally comparison of output images of spectral processing show good correlation with alteration maps. Differentiation and explanation of various erosion levels of porphyry Cu deposits are done successfully by using the ASTER sensor data. 相似文献
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Ashraf Emam Zakaria Hamimi Abdelhamid El-Fakharani Ezzat Abdel-Rahman Juan Gomez Barreiro Mohammed Y. Abo-Soliman 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(23):756
Lithological discrimination of Neoproterozoic rocks occupying Nugrus-Hafafit area, South Eastern Desert of Egypt, has been carried out using Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensors’ imagery data. The applicable processing enhancement techniques include optimum index factor (OIF), band ratioing, principal component analysis (PCA), and minimum noise fraction (MNF) transform. The area comprises varieties of low-grade metamorphosed ophiolitic mélange and island-arc rocks, thrusting over high-grade metamorphic gneissic core complexes, and intruded by syn-, late-, and post-tectonic granitoids. The OLI band ratio 6/7 discriminates clearly the ophiolitic serpentinites-talc-carbonate rocks, while 4/5 ratio image is able to separate between mafic and felsic rocks. Moreover, the ASTER band ratio 6/8 is used to distinguish the amphibole-bearing rocks, including amphibolite and hornblende gneiss. The OLI and ASTER second principal component (PC2) images reflect the contrast spectral behavior of ophiolitic mélange rocks through visible-near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave (SWIR) regions. The OLI-PC3 shows the ability to delineate the Fe-rich rocks, including amphibolite and metamafics, while ASTER-PC3 is effective for quartz-feldspathic granites and psammitic gneisses. Visual interpretation and integration of processed data with petrography and field investigation resulted in complete differentiation for the different lithologies and creation of a new detailed geological map of Nugrus-Hafafit area. 相似文献
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基于ASTER数据的内蒙古东乌珠穆沁北部地区遥感蚀变信息提取 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
ASTER数据在短波红外和热红外波段光谱信息明显优于ETM,使得在ASTER波段范围内能够更为详尽地刻画地物波谱,尤其是具有特征谱带的岩石和矿物.选择内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗北部地区为工作区域,设计了用光谱角制图法提取矿化蚀变信息的技术方案.通过波段组合和增强处理,ASTER数据对含Fe-OH(如黄钾铁矾,含铁白云母)、Al-OH(如粘土类矿物、明矾石、绿泥石、绢云母)和Fe~(3+) (如褐铁矿,赤铁矿)3种类型蚀变信息的刻画能力明显比ETM更好.野外查证了提取结果的可靠性. 相似文献
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多光谱遥感技术预测矿产资源的潜能——以蒙古国欧玉陶勒盖铜金矿床为例 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
建议把蚀变遥感异常作为一个新的找矿参数,文中讨论了蚀变遥感异常的地质基础和光谱前提。在矿床地质学和蚀变矿物光谱参数特征的基础上,编制了一张用于蚀变遥感异常提取及对其地质解释的表格。设计了从ETM+和ASTER数据中提取羟基蚀变矿物组合信息的独特流程方案。这个方案称之为"去干扰异常主分量门限化技术",文中示以简化的流程图。ETM+数据用来研究位于欧玉陶勒盖铜金矿床东北部的汉保各德中酸性火成杂岩体岩性特征,ASTER近红外和短波红外数据用来提取欧玉陶勒盖斑岩铜金矿矿床及其近区的羟基异常,通过选择性主分量分析判断欧玉陶勒盖铜金矿矿床的矿床类型为斑岩型。已知矿区各矿体的羟基异常都十分清晰,此外在矿床西部还发现了三个新的有希望的羟基异常。此工作进一步展示出多光谱遥感技术对于金属矿床的预测具有极好的潜能。 相似文献
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以深圳市东部滨海地区为试验区,对2004年11月21日ASTER遥感数据进行辐射和几何精校正处理,实地建立分类样地;根据多边形样地矢量数据计算分析12类地物在ASTER各波段光谱反射图和分类叠合图,同时进行植被指数和短波红外5个波段主成分分析;结合GIS并利用ASTER光谱波段、第一主成分、植被指数、立体像对生成的地形因子建立土地利用分类决策树表;再根据决策树表对ASTER影像进行土地利用分类。经验证,分类结果总体精度达到85.1%。应用效果表明,利用ASTER数据进行土地现状资源调查具有很好的性价比,能够满足土地利用现状调查的准确度和精度。 相似文献
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常见造岩矿物的特征谱带位于热红外区域,因此热红外遥感在岩石地层划分与构造样式分析方面有巨大的应用潜力,并且精细岩石地层划分是构造样式分析的基础。新疆阿克苏蓝片岩被认为是目前世界范围内保存最好的前寒武纪蓝片岩之一。本文对该地质体中采集的不同类型岩石样品进行了室内热红外发射光谱测试,发现白云母石英片岩类残余辐射特征（restrahlen features,RF）位于波长8.55、9.16和9.60 μm处,绿泥绿帘片岩类RF位于波长9.60、10.50和11.66 μm处。按照ASTER TIR波段位置将样品的发射率光谱曲线重采样,利用ASTER TIR数据计算基性指数Ib和白云母指数Im。依据Ib和Im得到不同岩性段分布图,该图能反映蓝片岩地质体中不同基性程度岩石、后期侵入的基性岩墙群以及白云母石英片岩单元的空间分布。从岩性区域分布特征看,我们认为新疆阿克苏蓝片岩地质体平面构造样式表现为褶皱,其轴迹线为NE—SW向,这一结果与前人对其划分的单斜地层结构有较大的差异。另外,褶皱出现在地质体南部,说明其北部所受压力较南部小,与前人认识一致。研究结果体现了热红外遥感结合实测光谱可有效探测矿物岩石信息的优势,该方法可为相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
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选取陕西省榆林气田地区为研究区, 利用ASTER数据多波段的优势, 在研究区开展了基于波段运算和主成分分析的二价铁、黏土矿化以及碳酸盐矿化等烃类微渗漏蚀变信息提取, 圈出4个有效靶区; 并利用ASTER数据的热红外波段进行基于分裂窗简化算法的温度反演得到研究区的温度图像以验证靶区的有效性, 温度反演结果中高温异常区和靶区范围基本吻合; 最后对USGS光谱库中常见蚀变矿物光谱、研究区实测光谱以及原油光谱进行综合分析, 进一步验证靶区有效性, 多种方法相结合以提高烃类微渗漏蚀变信息提取精度。 相似文献
20.
A study on the hyperspectral signatures of sandy soils with varying texture and water content 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper examines the hyperspectral signatures (in the visible near-infrared (VNIR)–shortwave infrared (SWIR) regions) of different samples of sandy soils possessing varying grain size and water content. Ten samples of sandy soils with differing textures and water contents were examined using a hyperspectral radiometer operating in the 350–2,500-nm range, and the spectral curves were obtained. Analyses of the curves indicate that grain size of sand has a considerable influence on the spectral response in the visible, NIR and SWIR regions, i.e. there is a decrease in the overall reflectance with increase in grain size. While the 350–575-nm region exhibits maximum overlap of spectral reflectance and, hence, least spectral separability between the soil types, the 2,000–2,100-nm region exhibits highest spectral separability between the sand samples of different textures. As regards the water content, it is seen that overall reflectance increases with decreasing water content in the sample, especially in the 1,400–1,800-nm regions. Further, the slope of the curves in the 1,890–2,100-nm region shows a well-defined relationship with the water content. Based on these well-defined relations, it is inferred that hyperspectral radiometry in the VNIR and SWIR regions can be used to estimate the texture and water content of sandy soils. 相似文献