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1.
It seems to be progressively recognized that the stress of the India-Asia convergent front can be transferred rapidly through the southern and central Tibetan lithosphere to the northern Tibet, hence leading to the crustal thickening deformation there during or immediately after the onset of the India-Asia collision(ca.55 Ma).This study focuses on the late Cenozoic deformation and tectonic uplift of the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area.Detailed compilations of a variety of proxy data from sediments and bedrocks suggest that the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area underwent one stage of approximately synchronous widespread contractile deformation since 25–20 Ma, which seemed to decrease at circa 18 Ma as revealed by low-temperature thermochronological data.The latest Oligocene-early Miocene was also significant basin-forming episodes when many intermontane subbasins began to receive syntectonic sedimentation in the northeastern Tibet.Subsequently, the other phase of compressional deformation began to encroach more widely into the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area in episodic steps or continuously from 16–12 Ma to present. 相似文献
2.
根据中法合作项目（１９９２～１９９５）取得的新资料,对青藏高原岩石圈结构、变形及地球动力学模式进行了探讨,研究表明：青藏高原是由不同时期从冈瓦纳古陆分离出的微板块拼合而成的．从新生代开始印度板块与欧亚板块发生高角度陆－陆俯冲,青藏高原内部发生以垂直应变为主的缩短变形,中新世以后增厚的岩石圈上地幔发生不均匀剥离,导致高原快速隆升,并使青藏高原以南北挤压为主的变形变为东西拉张为主的变形,部分地区出现火山活动． 相似文献
3.
The apatite fission track (AFT) ages and thermal modeling of the Longshoushan and deformation along the northern Hexi Corridor on the northern side of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau show that the Longshoushan along the northern corridor had experienced important multi-stage exhumations during the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The AFT ages of 7 samples range from 31.9 Ma to 111.8 Ma. Thermal modeling of the AFT ages of the samples shows that the Longshoushan experienced significant exhumation during the Late Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic (~130–25 Ma). The Late Cretaceous exhumation of the Longshoushan may have resulted from the continuous compression between the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks and the flat slab subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic plate, which affected wide regions across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. During the Early Cenozoic, the Longshoushan still experienced exhumation, but this process was caused by the Indian-Eurasian collision. Since this time, the Longshoushan was in a stable stage for approximately 20 Ma and experienced erosion. Since ~5 Ma, obvious tectonic deformation occurred along the entire northern Hexi Corridor, which has also been reported from the peripheral regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, especially in the Qilianshan and northeastern margin of the plateau. The AFT ages and the Late Cenozoic deformation of the northern Hexi Corridor all indicate that the present northern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is situated along the northern Hexi Corridor. 相似文献
4.
大陆构造变形与地震活动——以青藏高原为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
大陆内部构造变形和地震活动往往突显出复杂的、区域性的特征,很难用板块构造理论来解释。青藏高原是大陆构造变形的典型实例,具有不同构造变形的分区特征,不仅表现在物质组成、地形地貌和断裂组合等方面的不同,而且还表现出不同的地震活动特征。东昆仑断裂带以北的青藏高原北部地块,主要发育一系列挤压环境下的盆岭构造,表现为以连续变形为特征的上地壳挤压缩短变形;高原中北部巴颜喀拉地块,具有整体向东运动的特点,变形主要集中在其边缘,表现为刚性块体运动特征。在东部,由于稳定的四川盆地(扬子地块)的阻挡,位于龙日坝和龙门山断裂带之间相对坚硬的龙门山地区受到东西向强烈挤压,西部边界为伸展变形;在高原中央腹地羌塘地块西部,由于上地壳物质在向东挤出的驱动下不断变形,沿一系列小型正断层和走滑断层以伸展变形为主,表现为弥散型变形特征。相比之下,羌塘地块的东部向东-南东方向挤出,在大型走滑断层之间形成一个刚性块体;高原南部地块以东西向伸展的南北向裂谷系为主要变形特征,高原南缘以南北向挤压的大型逆冲断裂系为特征。历史地震和仪器记录的大地震(M≥8)只发生在高原东北和东南部的大型走滑带,以及东部和南部边缘的大型逆冲断裂上,沿后者更为频发。到目前为止,高原其他地区只发生了8级以下地震。青藏高原这种分区域的地壳变形形式和地震活动分布是大陆构造变形的重要特征。 相似文献
5.
DMITRIENKO Liudmila V. WANG Pengcheng LI Sanzhong CAO Xianzhi Ian SOMERVILLE ZHOU Zaizheng HU Mengying SUO Yanhui GUO Lingli WANG Yongming LI Xiyao LIU Xin YU Shengyao ZHU Junjiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(2):814-849
The East Asian geological setting has a long duration related to the superconvergence of the Paleo‐Asian, Tethyan and Paleo‐Pacific tectonic domains. The Triassic Indosinian Movement contributed to an unified passive continental margin in East Asia. The later ophiolites and I‐type granites associated with subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate in the Late Triassic, suggest a transition from passive to active continental margins. With the presence of the ongoing westward migration of the Paleo‐Pacific Subduction Zone, the sinistral transpressional stress field could play an important role in the intraplate deformation in East Asia during the Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic, being characterized by the transition from the E‐W‐trending structural system controlled by the Tethys and Paleo‐Asian oceans to the NE‐trending structural system caused by the Paleo‐Pacific Ocean subduction. The continuously westward migration of the subduction zones resulted in the transpressional stress field in East Asia marked by the emergence of the Eastern North China Plateau and the formation of the Andean‐type active continental margin from late Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (160‐135 Ma), accompanied by the development of a small amount of adakites. In the Late Cretaceous (135‐90 Ma), due to the eastward retreat of the Paleo‐Pacific Subduction Zone, the regional stress field was replaced from sinistral transpression to transtension. Since a large amount of late‐stage adakites and metamorphic core complexes developed, the Andean‐type active continental margin was destroyed and the Eastern North China Plateau started to collapse. In the Late Cretaceous, the extension in East Asia gradually decreased the eastward retreat of the Paleo‐Pacific subduction zones. Futhermore, a significant topographic inversion had taken place during the Cenozoic that resulted from a rapid uplift of the Tibet Plateau resulting from the India‐Eurasian collision and the formation of the Bohai Bay Basin and other basins in the East Asian continental margin. The inversion caused a remarkable eastward migration of deformation, basin formation and magmatism. Meanwhile, the basins that mainly developed in the Paleogene resulted in a three‐step topography which typically appears to drop eastward in altitude. In the Neogene, the basins underwent a rapid subsidence in some depressions after basin‐controlled faulting, as well as the intracontinental extensional events in East Asia, and are likely to be a contribution to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
6.
本文从印度大陆与亚洲大陆新生代碰撞前缘的多阶段构造变形与隆升过程,对比了我国南海北部大陆边缘盆地,东部渤海湾盆地的构造-沉积-岩浆事件,它们在时间上具准同时性,表现在两大陆碰撞构造变形和抬升的高峰时期正好与盆地伸展、拉张,快速构造沉降时期相对应;当构造转入相对稳定(松弛)阶段,表现为高原剥蚀夷平,岩浆活动频繁,盆地构造沉降速率减缓阶段.青藏高原多阶段构造-岩浆事件还与我国季风形成和发展以及全球新生代3次变冷事件具某种对应联系,认为深部地幔脉动上涌的热力效应可能是诱发高原季风,行星西风增强,高纬度降温的驱动力之一.它和高原地形增高引发大气热机效率增大起着互补作用,使青藏高原成为诱发我国大气环流变化的启动区. 相似文献
7.
Jiawei Zhang Yalin Li Ming Xu Jingen Dai Xinyu Qian Zhongpeng Han Huiping Zhang Jianzhang Pang 《地学学报》2021,33(1):95-108
The growth of central Tibet remains elusory, albeit important in evaluating different topographic growth models accounting for the Tibetan Plateau development. Thermochronological records in the northern Qiangtang terrane (QT) provide valuable information for investigating the cooling and exhumation history in central Tibet. New apatite fission track data, assisted by inverse thermal modelling, reveal two stages of accelerated cooling. The Early Cretaceous cooling is related with refrigeration of the QT and exhumation probably induced by crustal shortening. The Eocene‐Oligocene renewed cooling reflects the far‐field contraction after the onset of the India‐Asia collision and Cenozoic crustal shortening deformation in the QT, coupled with thermal relaxation and transient lithospheric removal. Our data support models indicating that Cretaceous crustal shortening produced a thickened crust in the QT, whereas the present‐day elevation was established during Eocene‐Oligocene due to crustal shortening, continental subduction and lithospheric delamination. 相似文献
8.
9.
青藏高原及其周边地区大地震震源过程成像 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原是世界上地震多发区之一。仅 1990年以来就有 4次强烈地震发生在青藏高原及其周边地区。发生于 1990年 4月 2 6日的青海省共和县MW 6 .4 (MS6 .9)地震位于青藏高原的东北缘 ,发生于 1997年 11月 8日的西藏自治区玛尼县MW 7.5 (MS7.9)地震和 2 0 0 1年 11月 14日的昆仑山口西MW7.8地震位于青藏高原的北部 ,发生于 1996年 2月 3日的云南省丽江县MW 6 .6 (MS7.0 )地震位于青藏高原的东缘。通过中国数字地震台网 (CDSN)和全球数字地震台网 (GDSN)记录的数字波形成像 ,分析研究了这些大地震的震源运动学和几何学特征。研究表明 ,这些地震的震源性质因震源所处位置的不同而不同 ,它们的发生与印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞、青藏高原的运动与变形有着密切的关系。反过来 ,从地震波形资料中获得的关于这些地震的震源机制、震源运动学和几何学特征的进一步认识为青藏高原目前的运动状态提供了证据。 相似文献
10.
Three—Phase Uplift of the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau Druing the Cenozoic Period：Igneous Petrology Constraints 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Shaocong Lai 《中国地球化学学报》2000,19(2):152-160
In northern Qinghai-Tibet plateau there are developed Cenozoic volcanic rocks. They constitute a trachybasalt-shoshonite-latite-trachydacite
assemblage. According to the forming ages, three Cenozoic volcanic rock lithozones can be distinguished in the northern part
of the plateau. Cenozoic volcanic rocks and muscovite/two-mica granites forming the three belts in pairs represent the northern
and southern margins of the plateau in different periods. In fact, the tectonic setting of the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet
plateau is significantly different from that of the southern part—Himalayas. The southern part has experienced subduction
and continent-continent collision. There are developed the Cenozoic S-type granites (muscovite/ two-mica granites) there.
But the northern part is characterized by Cenozoic basaltic magmatism which obviously comes from the upper mantle. Slight
doming of the upper mantle is recognized underneath the northern part of the plateau, which is the result of resistance of
the Tarim plate to the north direction-sense movement of the Tibetan plate. And at the same time, the uplift machanism shows
that the formation of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau involved three orogenic stages (35−23 Ma, 23−10 Ma and <2 Ma) of uplift in
the vertical direction and extension in the horizontal direction with the Gangdise-Qiangtang orogenic belt as its core. 相似文献
11.
Kewal K.Sharma 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)
LATE PLEISTOCENE—HOLOCENE RAPID UPLIFT AND EROSION IN TIBET: CONSTRAINTS FROM COSMOGENIC EXPOSURE AGE DATA1 CopelandP ,HarrisonTM ,KiddWSF ,etal.RapidearlyMioceneaccelerationofupliftintheGangdeseBelt,Xizang(southernTibet) ,anditsbearingonaccommodationmechanismsoftheIndian Asiacollision[J].EarthPlanetSciLett,1987,86 :2 40～ 2 5 2 .
2 FieldingEJ .Tibetupliftanderosion[J].Tectonophysics,1994,2 6 0 :5 5～ 84.
3 HarrisonTM ,CopelandP ,Ki… 相似文献
12.
青藏高原壳幔形变数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
现有数值模拟研究已在很大程度上较合理地给出青藏高原演化运动学和动力学过程的图像。利用连续介质快速拉格朗日分析方法,笔者进行了青藏高原壳幔形变数值模拟研究。据此得到的青藏高原三维壳幔形变特征反映纬向上主碰撞带远、近程效应的差异和经向上地壳物质“逃逸”的存在,印证了青藏高原形成过程中南北双向挤压、而且南部作用大于北部作用的可能应力场特征。青藏高原壳幔形变不仅强烈依赖于随深度变化的岩石力学性质及其距离挤压作用前锋带的远近,而且存在强烈的横向不均一性。同时,强应变(剪切)带的存在对高原岩石圈形变具有重要影响,高原形变过程中地壳尺度的耦合流及壳-幔解耦共存。但是,常规数值模拟研究尚存在很大局限性:(1)物理-力学模型单一;(2)几何模型简单;(3)边界形态与条件理想化;(4)模型内部块体划分粗糙;(5)不连续体介质处理困难。借助具有可处理大形变能力的4-D数值模拟方法,将观测资料与数值模拟相互补充是深入研究青藏高原壳幔形变的关键。 相似文献
13.
Cenozoic volcanism on the Tibetan plateau, which shows systematic variations in space and time, is the volcanic response to the India–Asia continental collision. The volcanism gradually changed from Na-rich + K-rich to potassic–ultrapotassic + adakitic compositions along with the India–Asia collision shifting from contact-collision (i.e. “soft collision” or “syn-collision”) to all-sided collision (i.e. “hard collision”). The sodium-rich and potasium-rich lavas with ages of 65–40 Ma distribute mainly in the Lhasa terrane of southern Tibet and subordinately in the Qiangtang terrane of central Tibet. The widespread potassic–ultrapotassic lavas and subordinate adakites were generated from ~ 45 to 26 Ma in the Qiangtang terrane of central Tibet. Subsequent post-collisional volcanism migrated southwards, producing ultrapotassic and adakitic lavas coevally between ~ 26 and 8 Ma in the Lhasa terrane. Then potassic and minor adakitic volcanism was renewed to the north and has become extensive and semicontinuous since ~ 20 Ma in the western Qiangtang and Songpan–Ganze terranes. Such spatial–temporal variations provide important constraints on the geodynamic processes that evolved at depth to form the Tibetan plateau. These processes involve roll-back and break-off of the subducted Neo-Tethyan slab followed by removal of the thickened Lhasa lithospheric root, and consequently northward underthrusting of the Indian lithosphere. The Tibetan plateau is suggested to have risen diachronously from south to north. Whereas the southern part of the plateau may have been created and maintained since the late-Oligocene, the northern plateau would have not attained its present-day elevation and size until the mid-Miocene when the lower part of the western Qiangtang and Songpan–Ganze lithospheres began to founder and detach owing to the persistently northward push of the underthrust Indian lithosphere. 相似文献
14.
印度-亚洲碰撞：从挤压到走滑的构造转换 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
印度-亚洲板块碰撞导致喜马拉雅山脉的崛起、青藏高原的生长、两倍于正常地壳厚度的巨厚陆壳体,以及大量青藏高原腹地的物质沿着大型走滑断裂朝东、东南、西的方向逃逸。印度-亚洲碰撞如何造成板块汇聚边界由挤压到走滑的构造转换对认识大陆岩石圈的变形机制具有重要意义。本文通过总结喜马拉雅造山带及青藏东南缘~55Ma以来的构造、变质、岩浆记录,发现高喜马拉雅的挤出起始于始新世加厚的喜马拉雅造山带中—下地壳的部分熔融,受控于渐新世以来同期发育的向南逆冲和平行造山带的韧性伸展,并建立了高喜马拉雅"三维挤出"构造模式。晚始新世以来,羌塘地块和拉萨地块的物质通过"岩石圈横弯褶皱和壳内解耦"的运动学机制,围绕东构造结发生顺时针旋转并向青藏高原东南缘逃逸。结合东南亚板块重建的资料,我们认为:印度-亚洲的"陆-陆碰撞"到印度洋板块-亚洲东南大陆的"洋-陆俯冲"的转换是导致从印度-亚洲主碰撞带的挤压到青藏东南缘走滑转换的根本原因。 相似文献
15.
青藏高原新生代三阶段造山隆升模式:火成岩岩石学约束 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
从岩石从地构造学的角度,分析讨论了青藏高原新生代岩浆作用的特点、差异、成对性及其对高魇隆升深部动力学过程的岩石约束,在此基础上是提出青藏高原是以冈底斯－羌塘造山带为核心,通过三次造山幕事件而形成的高原隆升新模式。 相似文献
16.
Facies analysis and depositional systems of Cenozoic sediments in the Hoh Xil basin, northern Tibet 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
A sedimentary succession more than 5800 m thick, including the Lower Eocene to Lower Oligocene Fenghuoshan Group, the Lower Oligocene Yaxicuo Group, and the Lower Miocene Wudaoliang Group, is widely distributed in the Hoh Xil piggyback basin, the largest Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the hinterland of the Tibetan plateau. The strata of the Fenghuoshan and Yaxicuo groups have undergone strong deformation, whereas only minor tilting has occurred in the Wudaoliang Group. We analyze their sedimentary facies and depositional systems to help characterize continental collision and early uplift of the Tibetan plateau. The results indicate fluvial, lacustrine, and fan-delta facies for the Fenghuoshan Group, fluvial and lacustrine facies for the Yaxicuo Group, and lacustrine facies for the Wudaoliang Group. Development of the Hoh Xil basin underwent three stages: (1) the Fenghuoshan Group was deposited mainly in the Fenghuoshan-Hantaishan sub-basin between 56.0 and 31.8 Ma ago; (2) the Yaxicuo Group was deposited mainly in the Wudaoliang and Zhuolai Lake sub-basins between 31.8 and 30.0 Ma ago; and (3) the Wudaoliang Group was deposited throughout the entire Hoh Xil basin during the Early Miocene. The Fenghuoshan and Yaxicuo groups were deposited in piggyback basins during the Early Eocene to Early Oligocene, whereas the Wudaoliang Group was deposited in a relatively stable large lake. The Hoh Xil basin underwent two periods of strong north–south shortening, which could have been produced by the collision between India and Asia and the early uplift of the Tibetan plateau. The study suggests the Hoh Xil region could reach a high elevation during the Late Oligocene and the diachronous uplift history for the Tibetan plateau from east to west. 相似文献
17.
Cenozoic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from the tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the western Qaidam Basin 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Yadong Wang Jianjing Zheng Weilin Zhang Shiyuan Li Xingwang Liu Xin Yang Yuhu Liu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(2):175-187
Geologists agree that the collision of the Indian and Asian plates caused uplift of the Tibet Plateau.However,controversy still exists regarding the modes and mechanisms of the Tibetan Plateau uplift.Geology has recorded this uplift well in the Qaidam Basin.This paper analyzes the tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the western Qaidam Basin using sub-surface seismic and drill data. The Cenozoic intensity and history of deformation in the Qaidam Basin have been reconstructed based on the tectonic developments,faults growth index,sedimentary facies variations,and the migration of the depositional depressions.The changes in the sedimentary facies show that lakes in the western Qaidam Basin had gone from inflow to still water deposition to withdrawal.Tectonic movements controlled deposition in various depressions,and the depressions gradually shifted southeastward.In addition,the morphology of the surface structures in the western Qaidam Basin shows that the Cenozoic tectonic movements controlled the evolution of the Basin and divided it into(a) the southern fault terrace zone, (b) a central Yingxiongling orogenic belt,and(c) the northern fold-thrust belt;divided by the XI fault (Youshi fault) and Youbei fault,respectively.The field data indicate that the western Qaidam Basin formed in a Cenozoic compressive tectonic environment caused by the India—Asia plate collision. Further,the Basin experienced two phases of intensive tectonic deformation.The first phase occurred during the Middle Eocene—Early Miocene(Xia Ganchaigou Fm.and Shang Ganchaigou Fm.,43.8—22 Ma),and peaked in the Early Oligocene(Upper Xia Ganchaigou Fm.,31.5 Ma).The second phase occurred between the Middle Miocene and the Present(Shang Youshashan Fm.and Qigequan Fm., 14.9—0 Ma),and was stronger than the first phase.The tectonic—sedimentary evolution and the orientation of surface structures in the western Qaidam Basin resulted from the Tibetan Plateau uplift,and recorded the periodic northward growth of the Plateau.Recognizing this early tectonic—sedimentary evolution supports the previous conclusion that northern Tibet responded to the collision between India and Asia shortly after its initiation.However,the current results reveal that northern Tibet also experienced another phase of uplift during the late Neogene.The effects of these two stages of tectonic activity combined to produce the current Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
18.
纳日贡玛斑岩钼铜矿床:玉龙铜矿带的北延——来自辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄的证据 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
纳日贡玛钼(铜)矿床位于西南"三江"北段青海南部地区,构造上位于金沙江缝合带与班公湖-怒江缝合带所夹持的羌塘地体之上,该区是吸纳和调节印度-亚洲大陆碰撞应力应变的构造转换带;受印度-亚洲大陆斜向碰撞事件的影响,区内新生代构造变形异常复杂,至51Ma以来,区内形成了一系列NW-SE向的逆冲断裂系统及走滑断裂系统,并伴有少量钾质岩浆活动;纳日贡玛斑岩钼(铜)矿床便产于新生代黑云母花岗斑岩及其接触带中.长期以来,由于缺少可靠的年代学数据,人们对纳日贡玛矿床的产出环境尚不清楚,与玉龙斑岩铜矿带的关系还比较模糊.为此,本文选取了纳日贡玛钼铜矿6件辉钼矿样品进行Re-Os同位素测年,结果给出了一条均方差为0.79的Re-Os等值线,其年龄为40.86±0.85Ma,这与玉龙斑岩铜矿代的成矿年龄基本一致,应为玉龙铜矿带的北延;较大的成矿带延长范围表明,在玉龙至纳日贡玛上千公里的范围内,仍有寻找大型斑岩铜(钼)矿床的巨大潜力. 相似文献
19.
Mathieu Soret Kyle P. Larson John M. Cottle Matthijs Smit Alex Johnson Sudip Shrestha Asghar Ali Shah Faisal 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2019,37(5):633-666
The Karakoram–Hindu Kush–Pamir and adjacent Tibetan plateau belt comprise a series of Gondwana‐derived crustal fragments that successively accreted to the Eurasian margin in the Mesozoic as the result of the progressive Tethys ocean closure. These domains provide unique insights into the thermal and structural history of the Mesozoic to Cenozoic Eurasian plate margin, which are critical to inform the initial boundary conditions (e.g. crustal thickness, structure and thermo‐mechanical properties) for the subsequent development of the large and hot Tibetan–Himalaya orogen, and the associated crustal deformation processes. Using a combination of microstructural analyses, thermobarometry modelling and U–Th–Pb monazite and Lu–Hf garnet geochronology, the study reappraises the metamorphic history of exposed mid‐crustal metapelites in the Chitral region of the South Pamir–Hindu Kush (NW Pakistan). This study also demonstrates that trace elements in monazite (especially Y and Dy), combined with thermodynamical modelling and Lu–Hf garnet dating, provides a powerful integrated toolbox for constraining long‐lived and polyphased tectono‐metamorphic histories in all their spatial and temporal complexity. Rocks from the Chitral region were progressively deformed and metamorphosed at sub‐ and supra‐solidus conditions through at least four distinct episodes from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic. Rocks were first metamorphosed at ~400–500°C and ~0.3 GPa in the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic (210–185 Ma), likely in response to the accretion of the Karakoram during the Cimmerian orogeny. Pressure and temperature subsequently increased by ~0.3 GPa and 100°C in the Early‐ to Mid Cretaceous (140–80 Ma), coinciding with the intrusion of calcalkaline granitic plutons across the Karakoram and Pamir regions. This event is interpreted as the record of crustal thickening and the development of a proto‐plateau within the Eurasian margin due to a long‐lived episode of slab flattening in an Andean‐type margin. Peak metamorphism was reached in the Late Eocene–Early Oligocene (40–30 Ma) at conditions of 580–600°C and ~0.6 GPa and 700–750°C and 0.7–0.8 GPa for the investigated staurolite schists and sillimanite migmatites respectively. This crustal heating up to moderate anatexis likely resulted in the underthrusting of the Indian plate after a NeoTethyan slab‐break off or to the Tethyan Himalaya–Lhasa microcontinent collision and subsequent oceanic slab flattening. Near‐isothermal decompression/exhumation followed in the Late Oligocene (28–23 Ma) as marked by a pressure decrease in excess of ~0.1 GPa. This event was coeval with the intrusion of the 24 Ma Garam Chasma leucogranite. This rapid exhumation is interpreted to be related to the reactivation of the South Pamir–Karakoram suture zone during the ongoing collision with India. The findings of this study confirm that significant crustal shortening and thickening of the south Eurasian margin occurred during the Mesozoic in an accretionary‐type tectonic setting through successive episodes of terrane accretions and probably slab flattening, transiently increasing the coupling at the plate interface. Moreover, they indicate that the south Eurasian margin was already hot and thickened prior to Cenozoic collision with India, which has important implications for orogen‐scale strain‐accommodation mechanisms. 相似文献
20.
亚洲是当代地球上唯一夹在两个汇聚大陆边缘的陆地,在亚洲与西太平洋之间由于地形和气压的巨大反差,形成最为强烈的能流和物流。这种反差,是亚洲在新生代晚期经受全球最大构造形变的产物。印度与亚洲碰撞,太平洋板块转向,边缘海张裂,中国地形倒转,大江东流,陆架和沿海平原形成,这一系列变化造成了区域性甚至全球性的严重气候后果。探索亚洲形变与新生代全球变冷的可能关系,从而揭示气候与构造的关系,是我国地学界责无旁贷的任务。 相似文献