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1.
Radar remote sensing can acquire information of sub-surface covered by sand in arid area, detect surface roughness and vegetation coronet's layer and linear feature such as linear structure and channel sensitively. With sediment facies analysis, this paper studies the features of environmental evolution in mid-late Epipleistocene (60 ka BP-20 ka BP) in northeastern Ejin Banner. The conclusions are listed as follows: (1) The evolution of the three lakes, i.e. Gaxunnur, Sugunur and Tian'e lakes, are dominated by faults and regional climate. (2) By analyzing sedimentary section of old Juyanze Lake, the three lakes used to be a large outflow lake before 50 ka BP in northeastern Ejin Banner, and at 50 ka BP, temperature declined rapidly in northwestern China. The event caused the lake's shrinkage. (3) By fault activity uplift in the northern part of old Juyan Lake and depression in the southern part, the lake's water followed from north to south at around 35 ka BP, old Juyanze fluvial fan was formed. At the same time, Juyan Lake separated from Sugunur Lake and Wentugunr old channel was abandoned. (4) In recent 2000 years, Ruoshui River is a wandering river, sometimes it flows into Juyan Lake and sometimes Sugunur and Gaxunnur lakes. Due to human activities and over exploitation, the oasis ecosystem is rapidly degenerated in 15 years (1986-2000). 相似文献
2.
Radar remote sensing can acquire information of sub-surface covered by sand in arid area,detect surface roughness and vegetation coronet′s layer and linear feature such as linear structure and channel sensitively. With sediment facies analysis, this paper studies the features of environmental evolution in mid-late Epipleistocene (60 ka BP-20 ka BP) in northeastern Ejin Banner. The conclusions are listed as follows: (1) The evolution of the three lakes, i.e. Gaxunnur, Sugunur and Tian′e lakes, are dominated by faults and regional climate. (2) By analyzing sedimentary section of old Juyanze Lake,the three lakes used to be a large outflow lake before 50 ka BP in northeastern Ejin Banner, and at 50ka BP, temperature declined rapidly in northwestern China. The event caused the lake′s shrinkage. (3)By fault activity uplift in the northern part of old Juyan Lake and depression in the southern part, the lake′s water followed from north to south at around 35 ka BP, old Juyanze fluvial fan was formed. At the same time, Juyan Lake separated from Sugunur Lake and Wentugunr old channel was abandoned.(4) In recent 2000 years, Ruoshui River is a wandering river, sometimes it flows into Juyan Lake and sometimes Sugunur and Gaxunnur lakes. Due to human activities and over exploitation, the oasis ecosystem is rapidly degenerated in 15 years (1986-2000). 相似文献
3.
黑河调水以来额济纳盆地湖泊蒸发量 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在GIS技术支持下结合气候条件的变化,对黑河调水以来额济纳盆地的湖泊面积变化和蒸发量变化进行分析.结果表明:额济纳盆地湖泊主要包括东、西居延海和进素土海子,各湖泊在2002年7月后陆续恢复,其中东居延海2004年后常年蓄水,进素土海子在2008年后常年蓄水,西居延海为季节性湖泊.盆地内湖泊总面积最大达到103.85 km2,年蒸发量最大达到1.79×108 m3.湖泊除受地表调水补给外,还受地下径流补给,2005年后东居延海每年接受地下径流净补给量约2500×104～3000×104 m3. 相似文献
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黑河下游干旱地区环境变化研究 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16
额济纳旗绿洲是典型的干旱荒漠天然绿洲，是河西走廊及内陆地区的一道绿色屏障。通过对额济纳旗绿洲土地利用情况的遥感调查，证实了额济纳旗绿洲生态环境恶化的严重性。对处于干旱区的额济纳旗绿洲环境变化的研究，分析了干旱地区环境变化的因素，表明干旱区生态环境保护的必要性和迫切性。 相似文献
6.
Reader Lake and Elbow Lake, two high-altitude lakes in the Uinta Mountains of Utah, are located approximately 2 km apart,
at similar elevations, and within identical vegetation communities. Loss on ignition, carbon to nitrogen ratios, biogenic
silica, and sediment grain size were analyzed throughout percussion cores retrieved from both lakes to construct continuous
time series spanning 14 to ca. 2 ka BP. Given the proximity of the lakes, it is assumed that both were subjected to the same
climatic forcing over this time. Accordingly, the first goal of this study was to consider these two multiproxy datasets in
concert to yield an integrated paleoclimate record for this region. Close inspection of the records identified discrepancies
indicating that the lakes responded to climate changes in different ways despite their proximity and similar setting. Clarifying
these differences and understanding why the two lakes behaved differently at certain times was the second goal of this study.
Overall, the paleoclimatic records document lake formation in the latest Pleistocene following glacier retreat. Buried glacier
ice at the location of Reader Lake may have persisted through the Younger Dryas. Both lakes became biologically productive
ca. 11.5 ka BP, and the first appearance of conifer needles indicates that trees had replaced alpine tundra in these watersheds
by 10.5 ka BP. The interval from 10 to 6 ka BP was marked by a dramatic increase in precipitation, perhaps related to enhanced
monsoonal circulation driven by the insolation maximum. The two lakes recorded this event in notably contrasting ways given
their differing hydrogeomorphic settings. Precipitation decreased from 6 to 4 ka BP, and low water levels and drought conditions
marked the interval from 4.0 to 2.7 ka BP. The integrated paleoclimate record developed from these cores provides a useful
point of comparison with other records from the region. The differences between the records from these closely spaced lakes
underscore the need to consider hydrogeomorphic setting when evaluating the suitability of a lake for a paleolimnological
study. 相似文献
7.
额济纳旗近100 a来胡杨年表的建立与响应分析 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
在野外采样、室内预处理、交叉定年的基础上,建立了近一百年来额济纳旗胡杨树木年轮年表,并将标准年表的树轮指数与采样点附近额济纳旗气象站的气温、降水及黑河中游正义峡水文站的径流量进行了相关分析。结果表明,年轮宽度指数与春季3~5月径流量和年径流量呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.642和-0.525。由于该地区降水量为37.9mm,对树木生长的意义不大,径流量则成为胡杨生长的限制因子。正义峡径流量冷季大,暖季小,与该区胡杨的生长季不相吻合。春季树木生长开始,需要一定的水分供给,虽然该区春季径流量仅占全年径流量的16.42%,但是,采样点距离河床较近,地下水位较高,可以满足根系对水分的需要,有利于胡杨生长,因而该相关具有明确的生物学意义。进一步进行响应函数分析的结果表明,重建序列与实测序列较为相近,采用的回归方程比较稳定可信。 相似文献
8.
The temporal-spatial geographic distribution of archaeological sites and its feature between 10.0–2.8 ka BP(ka BP= thousands of years before 0 BP, where "0 BP" is defined as the year AD 1950) were determined, based on GIS spatial analysis in the Poyang Lake Basin. The relationship between geographic distribution of sites of different periods under subsistence existence of ancient civilizations, climate and environmental change was investigated. The results revealed numerous archaeological sites of the Neolithic Age(10.0–3.6 ka BP). The sites were mainly located in the northern part of the Poyang Lake Basin, a hilly and mountainous area with many river terraces suitable for the development of human civilization. The number of archaeological sites rapidly increased during the Shang and Zhou dynasties(3.6–2.8 ka BP) and spread widely on the floodplains of the middle and lower reaches of Ganjiang River and onto the west, south, and southeast beach areas of the Poyang Lake. Holocene records of climate change suggested that it was possible that climate fluctuations had a great impact on human evolution in the study area. Before 3.6 ka BP, westward and northward expansion of Neolithic cultures in the Poyang Lake watershed occurred under the background of climate amelioration(becoming warmer and wetter). The ancient people lived in the hilly areas with high elevation. The simple mode of a fishing and gathering economy was mostly suited to this area in the early Neolithic Age. The scope of human activities was expanded and cultural diversity developed in the late Neolithic Age. However, with population growth and increasing survival pressure in a dry-cold climatic stage after 3.6 ka BP, this simple living mode had to be abandoned, and various forms of economy, the majority being agriculture, were developed on flood plains of the lower reaches of numerous rivers around Poyang Lake. This promoted flourishing of the Bronze culture of South China. 相似文献
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风成沉积物粒度特征及其反映的青海湖周边近32 ka以来土地沙漠化演变过程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湖东地区是青海湖周边土地沙漠化面积最大、程度最为严重的区域。选取青海湖湖东种羊场附近高度约为10 m的风蚀残丘（大水溏剖面）为研究对象,结合高密度采样和光释光测年,在对风成沉积物的粒度组成、粒度参数及粒度敏感指标进行分析的基础上,重建了32 ka以来青海湖周边的土地沙漠化演变过程。结果表明,32 ka BP以来青海湖周边土地沙漠化经历了末次冰期间冰阶（32～23.4 ka BP）的固结成壤期、末次冰期冰盛期（23.4～15 ka BP）的快速扩张期、末次冰期冰消期（15～10.4 ka BP）的缓慢减小期和全新世（10.4 ka BP至今）的快速缩小期4个阶段。 相似文献
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额济纳盆地地下水盐化特征及机理分析 总被引：17，自引：10，他引：7
运用水文地球化学方法,分析额济纳盆地不同含水层地下水盐化特征及其机理。结果表明:额济纳盆地地下水受水文地质条件的制约,潜水的盐化自沿河主要补给区到蒸发排泄区具有明显的分带性,由河流主要补给区向北和向东西两侧,至居延海,进素土海子和古日乃湖中心洼地地下水,地下水由淡水,逐渐过渡为微咸水、中度咸水及极度咸水、盐水;承压水属于微咸水。依据地下水中各离子含量的比值特征的分析结果,控制本区地下水盐化的主要因素为硅酸盐矿物溶解和蒸发沉积作用,硅酸盐矿物溶解主要发生在沿河的地下水补给区;蒸发沉积作用主要发生在地下水径流-排泄区。深层地下水埋藏较深,蒸发的作用大大减弱,因而含盐量少,水质较好。 相似文献
12.
气候变化对阿拉善荒漠植被的影响研究 总被引：15，自引：10，他引：5
利用1982—2003年NASA GIMMS归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据集和阿拉善左旗、右旗和额济纳旗气温和降水资料,对阿拉善地区NDVI变化和气候变化特征及其相互关系进行了分析。结果表明：①1982—2003年东部地区(左旗植被指数略有增加,而中部(右旗)和西部地区(额济纳旗)则呈下降趋势。季节变化东、中、西部表现不同。左旗和额济纳旗多年平均NDVI的月变化和右旗相反。②东部地区升温率最大,其次是西部和中部地区。降水表现为东部和西部地区(额济纳旗)稍有增加,而中部地区(右旗)呈缓慢减少趋势。季节变化东、中、西部表现不同。多年平均气温和降水量的月变化趋势东、中、西部一致,呈单峰型曲线。③东部地区和中部地区,降水量与植被指数存在明显的年相关、隔季和当季相关,而西部地区额济纳旗没有明显的相关性。阿拉善地区NDVI同温度的相关性不好。 相似文献
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晚冰期以来河西走廊花海古湖泊演化过程及其对气候变化的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过分析河西走廊花海古湖泊沉积物中的盐类矿物组成,结合年代序列,重建了花海晚冰期以来湖泊演化过程及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：晚冰期及新仙女木时期,花海湖泊以芒硝沉积为主,属硫酸盐型湖泊,湖水的盐度较高且周期性波动频繁;全新世早期（10.47 cal ka BP以前）,湖泊以洪泛堆积和风成沉积为主,揭示了湖泊萎缩、甚至干涸;全新世早期至全新世中期（10.47～8.87 cal ka BP）盐类矿物以碳酸盐沉积为主,为碳酸盐型湖泊,湖水淡化,湖泊水位开始逐渐回升;全新世中期（8.87～5.50 cal ka BP）盐类矿物呈现一定的波动变化,其中,8.8 cal ka BP 时期盐类矿物以硫酸盐沉积为主,湖泊由碳酸盐型转化为硫酸盐型,湖水咸化,盐度升高;随后盐类矿物以碳酸盐沉积为主,湖泊由硫酸盐型转化为碳酸盐型,湖水盐度降低、湖泊扩张;全新世中晚期（5.50 cal ka BP以来）出现沉积间断,表明中晚全新世时期湖泊逐渐萎缩。在全新世期间,花海湖泊千年尺度演化过程揭示了该区域气候干湿状况受亚洲季风和西风共同控制的影响。 相似文献
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Katharine Guiles Ellis Henry T. Mullins William P. Patterson 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2004,31(3):343-361
Climate change in the northeastern United States has been inferred for the last deglaciation to middle Holocene (∼16,600 to 6000 calendar years ago) using multi-proxy data (total organic matter, total carbonate content, δ18 O calcite and δ13 C calcite) from a 5 m long sediment core from Seneca Lake, New York. Much of the regional postglacial warming occurred during the well-known Bolling and Allerod warm periods (∼14.5 to 13.0 ka), but climate amelioration in the northeastern United States preceded that in Greenland by ∼2000 years. An Oldest Dryas climate event (∼15.1 to 14.7 ka) is recognized in Seneca Lake as is a brief Older Dryas (∼14.1 ka) cold event. This latter cold event correlates with the regional expansion of glacial Lake Iroquois and global meltwater pulse IA. An increase in winter precipitation and a shorter growing season likely characterized the northeastern United States at this time. The Intra-Allerod Cold Period (∼13.2 ka) is also evident supporting an “Amphi-Atlantic Oscillation” at this time. The well-known Younger Dryas cold interval occurred in the northeastern United States between 12.9 and 11.6 ka, consistent with ice core data from Greenland. In the Seneca Lake record, however, the Younger Dryas appears as an asymmetric event characterized by an abrupt, high-amplitude beginning followed by a more gradual recovery. Compared to European records, the Younger Dryas in the northeastern United States was a relatively low-amplitude event. The largest amplitude and longest duration anomaly in the Seneca Lake record occurs after the Younger Dryas, between ∼11.6 and 10.3 ka. This “post-Younger Dryas climate interval” represents the last deglacial climate event prior to the start of the Holocene in the northeastern United States, but has not been recognized in Greenland or Europe. The early to middle Holocene in the northeastern United States was characterized by low-amplitude climate variability. A general warming trend during the Holocene Hypsithermal peaked at ∼9 ka coincident with maximum summer insolation controlled by orbital parameters. Millennial- to century-scale variability is also evident in the Holocene Seneca Lake record, including the well-known 8.2 ka cold event (as well as events at ∼7.1 and 6.6 ka). Hemispherical cooling during the Holocene Neoglacial in the northeastern United States began ∼5.5 ka in response to decreasing summer insolation. 相似文献
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近22 ka以来吉兰泰盐湖的环境变化及成盐过程 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
根据研究区及毗邻地区第四纪地层沉积特征资料,运用层序地层学的基本方法,对吉兰泰盐湖22 ka BP以来的环境变化和成盐过程进行初步分析。同时,将其划分为6个阶段:冷干期（22.0~14.0 ka BP）,淡水湖演化阶段;冷湿期（14.0~10.0 ka BP）,仙女木期气候颤动期,湖水开始咸水化;暖湿期（10.0~7.0 ka BP）,咸水湖阶段;暖湿转干期（7.0~6.0 ka BP）,咸水湖阶段,亦是湖泊“成盐事件”的预备阶段;冷干期（6.0~4.7 ka BP）,盐湖阶段气候干湿交替,也是盐湖的成盐发展期;凉干期（4.7 ka BP至今）,是盐湖的成盐旺期,盐湖湖水不断缩减,加之周围沙漠的不断吞噬,盐湖开始由干盐湖向沙下湖发展。吉兰泰地区距今22 ka以来的古环境变化及气候转型,不仅是对全球古气候变化的响应,而且对盐湖矿产资源的成盐事件及区域可持续发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
16.
本文基于长江中游江汉—洞庭盆地18个钻孔岩性、沉积特征及年代数据,结合研究区考古遗址点时空分布特征,恢复研究区全新世以来水文环境演变过程,并探讨了区域水文环境演变的成因机制及其与人类活动的关系。结果表明,受东海海面上升和泥沙淤积等因素影响,距今11.5—5.5 ka,长江中游地区河湖水位呈上升趋势,随着新石器文化的发展及稻作农业活动的增加,人类文化聚落自山前平原地带逐渐向盆地平原中部扩展;距今5.5—4.0 ka,长江中游河湖水位有所下降,新石器晚期的屈家岭—石家河文化迅速发展,聚落数量增多,平原腹地聚落比例增加;距今4.0 ka前后,河湖水位再次有所上升,洪泛过程加剧,可能是石家河文化快速衰落的主要原因。 相似文献
17.
采用1987、1999年和2008年3期TM卫星数据, 对额济纳绿洲2000年黑河分水前后土地覆被变化进行了研究, 并分析了额济纳绿洲土地覆被变化的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)从不同覆盖等级的面积变化来看, 额济纳绿洲的主体是中植被覆盖区。1987-1999年额济纳绿洲的植被呈退化趋势。2000年黑河分水后至2008年, 额济纳绿洲植被退化的趋势已得到缓解。(2)从不同土地利用类型的面积变化来看, 额济纳绿洲的主体是戈壁。1987-1999年额济纳绿洲植被退化, 荒漠化趋势明显。2000年黑河分水后至2008年, 植被有所恢复, 退化趋势得到了遏制。(3)影响土地覆被变化的主要有3类因素。第一主成分与人为因素密切相关, 说明过去的十几年额济纳绿洲的土地覆被变化主要受到人类活动影响。第二主成分与地表径流量、年降水量、年均风速有较大的相关, 第三主成分与地下水埋深有较大的正相关, 表明气候因素对额济纳绿洲的土地覆被变化也有一定程度的影响。根据以上结果, 提出应对策略:(1)保证来自中上游的地表径流供给;(2)合理利用地下水资源;(3)增加技术支持, 实现宏观调控。 相似文献
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Diatom-based Holocene paleoenvironmental records from continental sites on northeastern Ellesmere Island, high Arctic, Canada 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
I. Rod Smith 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2002,27(1):9-28
Stratigraphic changes in diatom assemblages from four small lakes on northeastern Ellesmere Island, high Arctic, Canada, provide a proxy lake-ice cover and paleoenvironmental record. Low absolute diatom abundances and a benthic Fragilaria (sensu lata) dominated assemblage during the postglacial (< 7.6 ka B.P.) to mid-Holocene record the moderating effects of locally retreating glaciers. Around 5.5 ka B.P. diatom concentrations begin to rise, reaching their highest levels (109 valves per g dry sediment) between 4.2 and 3 ka B.P., interpreted to be the warmest period in this region. Topoclimatic differences between lakes on Hazen Plateau and those lower in Lake Hazen Basin account for the initial decline in diatom abundances in the upper lakes after 3 ka B.P. This change is thought to reflect a lowering of the regional snowline, accordant with widely recognized Neoglacial advances on Ellesmere Island and Greenland. Lakes in lower Lake Hazen Basin maintained extensive summer ice free conditions until ~ 1.9 ka B.P., after which diatom abundances declined, suggesting prolonged summer lake-ice cover through the remainder of the recovered Holocene record. Differences between the records presented here and those from coastal areas of the Canadian high Arctic highlight the unique topoclimatic characteristics and continentality of the Lake Hazen region, and possible effects that local marine environments may have had on coastal records. Such differences serve to demonstrate the inherent geographic variability of paleoenvironmental records from the high Arctic. 相似文献
20.
共和盆地末次冰消期以来的植被和环境演变 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
在青藏高原共和盆地中的内陆湖泊--达连海获取40.92 m长的湖泊岩芯(DLH钻孔),选用植物残体作为测年材料,利用AMS14C测年技术建立可靠的地层年代序列,对岩芯进行孢粉分析,重建该地末次冰消期以来的古植被和古环境。末次冰消期以来达连海周围山地在14.8～12.9Cal ka BP和9.4～3.9 Cal ka BP时段曾发育森林,气候较湿润,达连海附近盆地发育的荒漠草原盖度增加或演化为草原;在15.8～14.8 Cal ka BP、12.9～9.4 Cal ka BP 和3.9～1.4 Cal ka BP 时段该地气候比较干旱,依据干旱的程度周围山地森林退化或消失,盆地内发育盖度较低的荒漠草原或草原化荒漠。1.4 Cal ka BP以来湿度有所增加,发育草原植被类型。依据植被的演替历史推断该地气候的变化历程是15.8～14.8 Cal ka BP 干旱,14.8～12.9 Cal ka BP 湿润,12.9～9.4 Cal ka BP干旱,9.4～3.9 Cal ka BP湿润,3.9～1.4 Cal ka BP干旱,1.4～0 Cal ka BP湿润。达连海的孢粉记录与附近青海湖的孢粉结果对比,发现两地植被发育基本一致。末次冰消期Bølling-Allerød 时期,山地森林发育;新仙女木事件发生时森林萎缩;全新世中期两地针叶林发育达到鼎盛,之后逐渐减少至消失。早全新世达连海森林扩张的时间滞后于青海湖,主要与两地森林树种的不同和植被演替的时间差异有关。该区森林发育的全盛时期在中全新世,这与石笋记录到的亚洲季风强盛时期在早全新世不相一致,可能与植被复杂的响应机制有关。 相似文献