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1.
《地球科学进展》2017,(9)
氨基糖作为海洋环境中一类具有重要地球化学特征的有机质,其在海水、颗粒物和沉积物中的含量和组成等信息能够有效反映有机质的来源、降解过程及成岩状态。从氨基糖的来源与组成、海洋环境中的分布特征和影响因素,以及其作为生物标志物对有机质来源和降解状态的指示作用等方面,系统总结了海洋环境中氨基糖的研究进展。结果表明,氨基糖的活性受其大分子形态、环境中溶解氧、营养盐水平和沉积环境的影响。葡萄糖胺/半乳糖胺(Glc N/GalN)和总可水解氨基酸/总可水解氨基糖(THAA/THAS)对有机质来源和降解状态的指示具有一致性,较高的Glc N/GalN和THAA/THAS值可反映浮游生物来源的新鲜有机质,其比值的降低表明有机质逐渐向细菌有机质转化。氨基糖的碳、氮归一化含量对二者的指示具有差异性,其比例的升高和降低取决于有机质降解程度和来源影响的相对贡献大小。胞壁酸可用于估算较为新鲜的细菌有机质对总有机质的贡献,但由于其快速循环而导致在溶解有机质中的含量极低,不适合应用在溶解有机质中。今后的工作应进一步加强不同微生物对海洋环境中氨基糖的贡献,区分有机质来源和降解对氨基糖的影响以及转化和归宿研究。 相似文献
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泸沽湖沉积物有机质碳同位素组成与气候变迁记录 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
泸沽湖沉积物有机质碳同位素组成与气候变迁记录＊肖保华万国江（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词泸沽湖沉积物有机碳同位素气候变迁记录湖泊沉积物中有机碳的来源十分复杂，形态差异大，可粗略地分为来自湖泊生物（藻类、浮游生物和水生植物）的内部... 相似文献
3.
大九湖泥炭柱样的木质素特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据大九湖泥炭柱样的木质素特征,结合C/N、δ13C和δ15N数据,分析了有机物的来源和降解特征.结果表明,陆地C3高等植物是有机物的主要来源.木质素的S/V和C/V参数指示该泥沼的主要维管植物是草本被子植物.有机碳含量(OC)的变化与这些植被参数具有良好的对应关系,说明植被变化是控制有机碳含量的重要因素.(Ad/AI)v和(Ad/A1)s参数表明泥炭中的木质素经历了中等程度的氧化降解,而棕腐菌的去甲基/去甲氧基过程是控制木质素含量的主要降解途径.木质素在埋藏后的降解很小,其降解程度更多地受对应年代的环境条件的控制,例如,在温暖湿润的全新世气候最适宜期,木质素降解程度显著高于之前的寒冷干燥时期. 相似文献
4.
基于一个水文年度的月周期性采样分析,用河流悬浮颗粒物的有机碳(POC)和溶解无机碳(DIC)的同位素信号探讨了桂江径流中碳的生物地球化学循环.桂江悬浮颗粒物中POC含量多介于1.70％～14.27％之间,平均为(4.54±2.94)％;河流POC的Δ14C值介于-235.8‰～ -26.7％之间,平均为(-135.38±57.27)‰,没有检出“核爆14C”信号,揭示了较为强烈的流域地表扰动和土壤侵蚀状况.桂江POC的稳定同位素组成(δ13C)变化于-29.92％ - -24.71‰之间,平均为(-26.86± 1.29)‰,这与以C3植物为主的流域生态系统的碳同位素组成一致.桂江颗粒有机质的C/N比多介于5.54 11.53之间,平均为7.97,低于全球河流的平均状况.一方面,土壤有机碳、岩石来源的地质碳及藻类生物量的混合比例决定了桂江河流颗粒有机质的C/N比和Δ14C值;另一方面,微生物群落对水体有机质的代谢分解作用也在一定程度上改变了有机质的元素和同位素比值.桂江河流DIC的δ13C值变化于-17.22‰～-10.65‰之间,平均为(- 12.95±1.94)‰.冬半年河流DIC(δ13C值平均为-11.47‰)几乎全部来自碳酸盐矿物的化学风化,夏半年土壤硅酸盐矿物的化学风化对DIC(δ13C值平均为- 14.73％)的贡献达28％. 相似文献
5.
黄土有机质的主要来源是决定其稳定碳同位素(δ13Corg.)能否应用于重建过去C3/C4相对丰度变化及相应的古气候变化的关键基础科学问题.如若黄土地层当中的有机质主要由粉尘携带而来,而非当地植被,显然其δ13Corg.不是一个局地植被过去C3/C4相对丰度变化及古气候变化的良好指示器.本文对黄土高原西部地区(六盘山以西)新获得和已发表的相关数据进行综合分析,尝试对该地区黄土有机质的主要来源进行定量的分析.结果表明,总体而言,该地区黄土地层有机质主要来源于当地植被,由粉尘携带而来的有机质贡献量不超过8％,所造成的有机碳同位素变化幅度不超过1.7‰.这些结果说明该地区的黄土地层有机质δ13Corg.是可以用来重建过去C3/C4植物相对丰度及相应的古气候变化的.为了更精确的重建,后续的工作应当更多考虑粉尘搬运过程当中的有机质输入以及粉尘沉积之后的微生物活动的可能潜在影响. 相似文献
6.
烃源岩原始有机质丰度和类型的恢复方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文应用源岩中残烃含量及在热解仪－微机联机系统上开发的成熟度新参数，建立了对低成熟-高成熟（任意丰度、类型、岩性等）烃源岩原始有机质丰度和类型的恢复方法（残烃法）。并应用热解及有机碳分析结果，依据沉积岩石学、有机岩石学等基本原理、干酪根降解生油理论，以及石油有机地化人员在生产科研过程中常用的三个定义式及一个公认的假设为前提，建立了对低成熟-过成熟（任意成熟度、丰度、类型、岩性等）烃源岩原始有机质丰度的恢复方法（有机无效碳法）。因有机无效碳含量与源岩演化程度无关，因此该方法适用于任意成熟度烃源岩原始有机质丰度的恢复，较好地解决了高成熟过成熟烃源岩原始有机质丰度的恢复问题。 相似文献
7.
湖泊沉积物中碳酸盐碳、氧和有机质碳同位素组成受湖泊环境介质的控制,可以有效地指示环境演化过程。通过对中国东北和西部青藏高原、新疆现代湖泊表层沉积物的碳酸盐的碳、氧同位素组成(δ13C、δ18O)、有机碳同位素组成(δ13Corg),以及有机质含量(TOC)、C/N分析研究,发现当湖泊中以浮游植物来源有机母质为主时,其δ13Corg为-30‰~-23‰;以硅藻为主的藻类来源时,δ13Corg为-30‰~-16‰;以挺水植物来源,δ13Corg为-30‰~-24‰;沉水植物来源,δ13Corg为-24‰~-16‰;以水生植物和陆生植物来源为主时,δ13Corg为-30‰~-20‰;当以陆生植物来源为主时,其δ13Corg为-26‰~-24‰。当西北地区半封闭湖泊表层沉积物中碳酸盐含量大于30%时,湖泊表现出δ13C、δ18O之间较好的正相关性,TOC主要以内源有机质来源为主。 相似文献
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9.
对南海表层沉积物与沉降颗粒物有机碳的δ13C进行了对比研究,从古环境再造方面探讨了陆源和海源对南海表层沉积物的贡献。南海表层沉积物有机碳的δ13C比沉降颗粒物中有机碳的δ13C偏重表明,Suess效应对南海现代过程的影响不可忽视,两者的δ13C差值反映了Suess效应对南海现代过程的影响程度。利用两者的δ13C差值,对现代陆源和海源有机碳的δ13C进行修正后,计算得到,在南海陆架周围表层沉积物的有机碳中,陆源的比例为48%,海源的比例为52%;在远离陆架的表层沉积物的有机碳中,陆源的比例为14%,海源的比例为86%。 相似文献
10.
长江口盐沼土壤有机质分布与矿化的空间差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在长江口崇明东滩两类植被(互花米草、土著植被)区域分别选择一条纵向剖面,在高潮滩、中潮滩及光滩取得柱状样,利用颗粒有机碳(POC)含量、碳稳定同位素组成、土壤C/N比与颗粒组成等资料,研究盐沼有机质的分布与矿化特征。结果表明,两个纵向剖面的相同高程部位柱样之间,颗粒有机碳δ13C与POC含量的深度特征均存在显著差异;两个柱样的δ13C与POC含量的平均值均相差较大。互花米草对高潮滩柱样有机质的含量与组成均产生了明显影响,对中潮滩柱样有机质组成已有一定影响;土著植被对高潮滩柱样有机质组成的影响显著。盐沼植被对土壤有机质的分布与矿化均产生了明显影响。高潮滩柱样矿化阶段不同的有机质组分混杂,中潮滩柱样有机质的组成相对简单,矿化程度较弱。柱样粘粒含量与含水量在垂向上变化频繁,盐沼原始沉积层序对柱样的物质分布特征具有本底制约。不同高程部位柱样之间,有机质的深度分布特征以及矿化程度差异显著,盐沼碳动态受到潮滩特征性动力沉积过程的显著影响。 相似文献
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12.
Dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM and POM) distribution, lignin phenol signatures, bulk elemental compositions, fluorescence indices and microbial plankton (algae, bacteria, viruses) in a temperate river floodplain system were monitored from January to November 2003. We aimed to elucidate the sources and compositions of allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter (OM) in the main channel and a representative backwater in relation to the hydrological regime. Additionally, bacterial secondary production was measured to evaluate the impact of organic carbon source on heterotrophic prokaryotic productivity. OM properties in the backwater tended to diverge from those in the main channel during phases without surface water connectivity; this was likely enhanced due to the exceptionally low river discharge in 2003. The terrestrial OM in this river floodplain system was largely derived from angiosperm leaves and grasses, as indicated by the lignin phenol composition. The lignin signatures exhibited significant seasonal changes, comparable to the seasonality of plankton-derived material. Microbially-derived material contributed significantly to POM and DOM, especially during periods of low discharge. High rates of bacterial secondary production (up to 135 μg C L(-1) d(-1)) followed algal blooms and suggested that autochthonous OM significantly supported heterotrophic microbial productivity. 相似文献
13.
《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1987,51(9):2579-2586
The St. Lawrence River discharges a substantial volume of water (405 km3/a) containing suspended (SPM; 3.42 × 106t) and dissolved (68.0 × 106t) materials to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The total load contains organic carbon in paniculate (POC; 3–14% of SPM), and dissolved (DOC; 3.76 ± 0.63 mg/l) form. The concentration of POC (and particulate organic nitrogen) is positively correlated with discharge (increased during the spring flood and the fall enhancement of flow), but concentration of DOC is not so simply related to discharge. In consequence, the total organic carbon (POC + DOC) load is relatively invariant, and increased annually by only 2–3% despite a progressive increase of 8% in discharge over the years of this study. Seasonal differences in the composition of the particulate organic matter (POM) are interpreted as reflecting dominant contributions from within-river production in summer and from terrestrial sources in spring and fall. In years when the annual discharge was greater than average, a higher proportion of the POM was terrigenous. The organic matter in surface sediments of the estuary to which the river discharges is predominantly of terrestrial provenance. 相似文献
14.
L. A. Cifuentes 《Estuaries and Coasts》1991,14(4):414-429
Terrestrially-derived organic matter in sediments of the Delaware Estuary originates from riverine transport of soils and fresh litter, sewage and industrial wastes, and marsh export of organic matter. The quantity, composition, and spatial distribution of terrigenous organic matter in sediments was determined by elemental (C and N), lignin, and stable carbon isotope analyses. Sediments in the upper Delaware Estuary had low organic carbon content and high lignin content. In contrast, sediments in the lower Delaware Estuary had high organic carbon content and low lignin content. There was a slight decrease in the proportion of syringyl and cinnamyl phenols relative to vanillyl phenols between the upper estuary and lower estuary. Differences in lignin and stable carbon isotope compositions between sediments of the Delaware Estuary and sediments of the Broadkill River estuary (an adjoining salt-marsh estuary) supported previous observations that marshes do not export substantial quantities of organic matter to estuaries. Additional results suggested that lignin-rich sediments were concentrated in the upper estuary, most likely in the zone of high turbidity. Furthermore, algal material diluted lignin-rich sediments, particularly in the lower estuary. The weaker algal signal in bottom sediments compared to that in suspended particulate matter suggested algal material was decomposed either in the water column or at the sediment-water interface. Physical sorting of sediments prior to deposition was also indicated by observations of compositional differences between the upper and lower estuary bottom sediments. Finally, seasonal variations in primary productivity strongly influenced the relative abundance of terrestrial organic matter. In fall, however, the proportion of lignin was greatest because of a combination of greater inputs of terrestrially-derived organic matter, lower river discharge, and a decrease in algal biomass. 相似文献
15.
Pei Sun Loh Chen-Tung Arthur ChenGusti Z. Anshari Jough-Tai WangJiann-Yuh Lou Shu-Lun Wang 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2012,43(1):118-129
In this first study of lignin geochemistry in the world’s longest river on an island, surface sediments were collected along the Kapuas River, three lakes in the upper river, a tributary in the lower river and a separate river during June-July 2007 and December 2007-January 2008. The samples were analyzed for lignin-derived phenols and bulk elemental and stable carbon isotope compositions. Λ values (the sum of eight lignin phenols, expressed as mg/100 mg organic carbon (OC)) ranged from 0.13 to 3.70. Ratios of syringyl/vanillyl (S/V) and cinnamyl/vanillyl (C/V) ranged from 0.34 to 1.18 and 0.28 to 1.40, respectively, indicating the presence of non-woody angiosperm tissues. The high vanillic acid to vanillin (Ad/Al)v (0.71-2.01) and syringic acid to syringaldehyde (Ad/Al)s (0.72-2.12) ratios indicate highly degraded lignin materials. In the upper Kapuas River, highly degraded soil materials discharged from lands that were barren as a result of deforestation activities were detected in the locations directly in those vicinities. The middle Kapuas River showed rapid organic matter degradation, probably due to the presence of fresh terrestrial and phytoplankton organic matter fueling the biogeochemical cycling. The Kapuas Kecil River, one of the two branches in the lower reach of the Kapuas River, showed higher levels and diagenesis of sedimentary organic matter due to input from anthropogenic sources and increased marine organic matter near the mouth. This study shows that different stretches along the river exhibit different levels and composition of sedimentary organic matter, as well as different carbon dynamics, which is directly attributable to the varying landscapes and quality of organic matter. 相似文献
16.
Amy Townsend-Small Michael E. McClain Jorge L. Noguera Jay A. Brandes 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(3):732-740
Few studies have examined the dynamics of sediments and suspended organic matter and their export from headwater basins in the Andes Mountains to the Amazon River, despite the fact that the Andes are the primary source of sediments to the lower Amazon basin. We measured river discharge as well as the concentration, δ15N, δ13C, %N, and %OC of coarse and fine suspended sediments (CSS and FSS) in the Chorobamba River, located in the central Andean Amazon of Peru. Samples were taken at least weekly over an entire year (July 2004-July 2005), with additional sampling during storms. Concentrations of particulate organic matter (POM) were generally low in the study river, with concentrations increasing by up to several orders of magnitude during episodic rain events. Because both overall flow volumes and POM concentrations increased under stormflow conditions, the export of POM was enhanced multiplicatively during these events. We estimated that a minimum of 80% of annual suspended sediment transfer occurred during only about 10 days of the year, also accounting for 74% of particulate organic carbon and 64% of particulate organic nitrogen transport. Significant differences occurred between seasons (wet and dry) for δ13C of coarse and fine POM in the Chorobamba River, reflecting seasonal changes in organic matter sources. The time series data indicate that this Andean river exports approximately equal amounts of fine and coarse POM to the lower Amazon. The observation that the vast majority of sediments and associated OM exported from Andean rivers is mobilized during short, infrequent storm events and landslides has important implications for our understanding of Amazon geochemistry, especially in the face of incipient global change. 相似文献
17.
土壤碳库是陆地碳库生态系统的主体,在全球碳平衡中具有重要的作用。通过开展珠江三角洲经济区多目标区域地球化学调查,获得了土壤全碳及有机碳数据,采用"单位土壤碳量"方法计算土壤碳储量,显示珠江三角洲经济区土壤有机碳总体分布:表层(0～0.2 m)土壤有机碳为9.71×107 t,碳密度为2271.34 t/km2;中层(0～1.0 m)土壤有机碳为3.71×108 t,碳密度为8666.05 t/km2;深层(0～1.8m)土壤有机碳为5.87×108 t,碳密度为13722.73 t/km2。对比其他地区,珠江三角洲土壤碳密度处于较低水平。分析了土壤、土地利用、地貌类型与成土母质对区域土壤碳库的影响程度,不同土壤单元有机碳储量分布特征。与第二次土壤普查比较,20年期间珠江三角洲表层土壤有机碳总体减少0.22×108 t,损失幅度达19.20%,仅惠州等地区有所增加。不同生态系统土壤有机碳减少程度不同。 相似文献
18.
Spatial and temporal variation of organic carbon in the northern South China Sea revealed by sedimentary records 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Jianfang Hu Xuesong Sun Ping'an Peng Gan Zhang Allan R. Chivas 《Quaternary International》2009,206(1-2):46
Three sediment cores were taken from the Pearl River estuary and adjacent northern South China Sea (SCS). These sediment cores span the time interval 1900–2000 AD. The stratigraphy of the concentration, the ratio of total organic carbon (TOC) to total nitrogen (TN) and stable isotope (δ13Corg) of organic carbon (OC) from three high-resolution sediment cores were analyzed. The stratigraphic profiles of OC concentration, TOC/TN ratios and δ13Corg for the near past 100 yrs indicate that terrestrial organic matter decreases from 68.3% to 27.4% of the TOC in the Pearl River estuary, while Dapeng Bay (offshore east of Hong Kong) apparently had throughout little terrestrial organic matter input. The highest deposited OC occurs at the Humen River mouth and the OC concentrations are higher in the outer estuary than in the inner shelf of the northern SCS. The deposited OC at the River mouth increased with time, which could be caused by the high precipitation of land-derived organic matter and the high input of terrestrial organic matter, which is likely related to the rapid urbanization and industrial development in the Pearl River Delta since the 1970s. The OC concentrations did not exhibit an obvious increase with time in most areas of the Pear River estuary and adjacent inner shelf of the SCS, but the algal-derived OC concentration inferred from the δ13Corg values increased with time especially from 1980 to 2000 in the outer Pearl River estuary and Dapeng Bay. This increase is presumably caused by enhanced primary marine productivity supported by higher anthropogenic nutrient inputs. 相似文献
19.
Peter G. Verity 《Estuaries and Coasts》2002,25(5):961-975
A sampling program was initiated in 1986 in the Skidaway River estuary, a tidally dominated subtropical estuary in the southeastern USA. Hydrography, nutrients, particulate organic matter (POM), and microbial and plankton abundance and composition were measured at weekly intervals at high and low tide on the same day at a single site. Hydrographic and nutrient data during 1986–1996 were given in Verity (2002); particulate organic carbon (POC), nitrogen (PON) and chlorophylla (chla) are presented here; plankton data will be presented elsewhere. Chla was fractionated into <8 μm and >8 μm size classes. All classes of POM exhibited distinct seasonal patterns superimposed upon significant long-term increases during the study period. Total chla, <8 μm chla, and >8 μm chla increased 36%, 61%, and 18%, respectively, however the fraction of total biomass attributable to small phytoplankton (<8 μm) increased 25%. The annual amplitude between minimum and maximum stock sizes increased significantly, meaning that bloom events became larger. POC and PON also increased 16% over the decade and, as observed with patterns in chla, exhibited increases in annual amplitude. The C:N ratio was typically 6.4–6.6 (wt:wt) and did not change significantly, while the annual mean C:Chla ratio decreased 19% from 165 to 140. These characteristics indicated highly labile POM composed of significant amounts of detritus, but which became increasingly autotrophic with time. Averaged over the decade, temperature explained 45–50% of the variance in POM. Nutrients were even better predictors of POM, as 60–75% of the variance in chla, POC, and PON were explained by ambient concentrations of DIN, or PO4. Combined with significant increases in NO3, NH4, PO4, Si(OH)4, and DON during 1986–1996, these data strongly suggest that anthropogenic activities contributed to increased loading of dissolved nutrients, which became incorporated into living and nonliving particulate organic matter. 相似文献