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1.
大陆弧安山岩的形成是大洋板片向大陆边缘之下俯冲的结果,但是在具体形成机制上存在很大争议.针对这个问题,对长江中下游地区中生代安山质火山岩及其伴生的玄武质和英安质火山岩进行了系统的岩石地球化学研究,结果对大陆弧安山质火成岩的成因提出了新的机制.分析表明,这些岩石形成于早白垩世,它们不仅表现出典型的岛弧型微量元素分布特征,而且具有高度富集的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素和高的放射成因Pb以及高的氧同位素组成.通过全岩和矿物地球化学成分变化检查发现,地壳混染和岩浆混合作用对其成分的富集特征贡献有限,而其岩浆源区含有丰富的俯冲地壳衍生物质才是其成分富集的根本原因.虽然这些火山岩的喷发年龄为中生代,但是其岩浆源区形成于新元古代早期的华夏洋壳俯冲对扬子克拉通边缘之下地幔楔的交代作用.大陆弧安山岩地幔源区中含有大量俯冲洋壳沉积物部分熔融产生的含水熔体,显著区别于大洋弧玄武岩的地幔源区,其中只含有少量俯冲洋壳来源的富水溶液和含水熔体.正是这些含水熔体交代上覆地幔楔橄榄岩,形成了不同程度富集的超镁铁质-镁铁质地幔源区.在早白垩纪时期,古太平洋俯冲过程的远弧后拉张导致中国东部岩石圈发生部分熔融,其中超镁铁质地幔源区熔融形成玄武质火山岩,镁铁质地幔源区则熔融形成安山质火山岩.因此,大陆弧安山岩成因与大洋弧玄武岩一样,可分为源区形成和源区熔融两个阶段,其中第一阶段对应于俯冲带壳幔相互作用. 相似文献
2.
《华南地质与矿产》2015,(3)
本文介绍了巽他古陆核东南边缘(包括印度尼西亚群岛的爪哇岛和加里曼丹岛中部、苏拉威西岛、南苏门答腊楠榜省)和越南西北部的新生代埃达克质岩地球化学特征、成因类型及大地构造环境,并讨论其岩浆成因和源区。本区埃达克质岩成因类型由C-型(大陆型)和O-型(岛弧型)组成,其La/Yb比值变化范围很大。爪哇、加里曼丹中部和南苏门答腊楠榜省的埃达克质岩,形成于陆缘岛弧和火山弧环境。苏拉威西岛在空间上具有更加广阔的构造环境:从大洋岛弧、陆缘岛弧、大陆边缘火山弧至弧后裂谷盆地环境。越南西北部新生代埃达克质岩的成因类型为单一的C-型,属于活动大陆边缘火山弧。本文通过对比本区岩浆作用和源区,认为苏拉威西岛、爪哇岛、加里曼丹岛中部的新生代埃达克质岩具有相同的成因,起源于俯冲洋壳板片局部熔融,在其形成过程叠加上地幔楔(或埃达克质岩石下地壳)局部熔融和混染作用(MASH)以及上地壳混染结晶分异(AFC)作用,而越南西北部C-型高钾埃达克质岩显示更强烈的地壳岩浆结晶分异作用。 相似文献
3.
华南板块是中国东部岩石圈的重要组成部分,广泛发育中生代玄武岩,这些玄武岩为研究华南岩石圈演化提供了重要的窗口。前人对华南中生代玄武岩开展了大量的研究,但是对于玄武岩的源区性质以及构造环境等认识仍存在较大争议。本文系统性分析了华南宁远、道县、长城岭、白面山、汝城等地区中生代玄武岩的主微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成,获得如下主要认识:(1)华南中生代玄武岩主要由碱性和亚碱性玄武岩组成,其SiO_(2)和全碱(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O)含量分别为42.81 wt%~55.54 wt%和1.6 wt%~5.97 wt%;(2)除了宁远玄武岩具有OIB微量元素特征,华南中生代玄武岩具有岛弧玄武岩相似的微量元素配分型式;(3)主量和微量元素特征表明华南中生代玄武岩的形成主要受控于部分熔融,且在岩浆演化过程中经历不同程度的分离结晶作用,未遭受明显的地壳混染作用。Ni-MgO正相关、CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO正相关和Eu无明显异常表明华南中生代玄武质岩浆经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石结晶,但无明显的斜长石结晶;(4)Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征表明华南中生代玄武岩为EMⅡ地幔源区,其源区可能有洋壳沉积物的参与;(5)华南中生代玄武岩可能形成于与古太平洋板块俯冲相关的大陆板内环境;(6)华南岩石圈改造可能与中生代古太平洋俯冲板块的交代作用有关,后者所释放的酸性熔体/流体与地幔橄榄岩相互作用,最终造成了华南岩石圈物理化学性质的强烈改变;(7)古太平洋俯冲板块可能对华南有色金属、稀有金属等多金属成矿发挥着重要作用,其释放的熔体或流体为矿石活化和迁移提供了重要的驱动力。 相似文献
4.
长白山区二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩的成因 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用岩石化学和同位素分析方法,研究了二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩的成因。玄武质熔岩由钠质拉斑玄武岩和钾质粗面玄武岩、玄武质粗面安山岩组成。它们的REE分配形式比较相近,表明它们来自共同的源区。Sr、Nd、Pb同位素示踪表明,二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩岩浆源区接近于似原始地幔。它们的Mg#=100Mg O/(Mg O+Fe O)低于中国东部新生代玄武岩原始岩浆的Mg#(60~68),Ni(27.76×10-6~200.6×10-6)低于原始地幔,Rb/Sr(0.05~0.09)、Ba/Rb(15.64~264)高于原始地幔,说明这些岩石不是源自原始地幔。玄武质熔岩的DI变化于42~67,具有高Ca、高Sr、Eu正异常,微量元素图解显示玄武岩保留部分熔融趋势,粗面玄武岩、玄武质粗安岩具有结晶分异趋势,岩浆上升过程中发生了不同程度的地壳混染作用。玄武质熔岩的Nb/Ta之比为14.8~15.8,与勘察加半岛深俯冲带火山类似。Nb/Ta-(Na2O-K2O)关系图解显示研究区玄武质岩浆的形成与俯冲板片的部分熔融有关。 相似文献
5.
东昆仑造山带中灶火地区镁铁质岩墙群以闪长玢岩为主,含少量闪斜煌斑岩、辉绿玢岩及辉绿岩,LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年代学指示该套岩墙群结晶侵位年龄为(249±1)Ma。稀土元素含量整体较高,富集轻稀土元素(∑REE=99.9×10-6~173.9×10-6,(La/Yb)N=3.5~9.3);微量元素表现出富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)的特征;源区分析表明,镁铁质岩浆为俯冲洋壳析出的流体交代富集地幔的结果,且在岩石成因中部分熔融起到主导作用,地壳混染和分离结晶作用对岩浆成分分异起到的作用有限。构造环境分析表明,岩石的形成与俯冲作用有关,结合区域构造演化认为镁铁质岩墙群的成因为:早三叠世,在古特提斯洋向北俯冲的环境下,俯冲板片释放的流体交代富集地幔,诱发地幔部分熔融形成镁铁质岩浆,受弧后伸展的动力学背景影响,岩浆最终上升侵位形成镁铁质岩墙群。 相似文献
6.
袁超 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2020,(6):1324-1324
流体是控制地球内部能量传递和物质迁移的重要媒介之一。俯冲带流体循环对弧火山的形成、全球物质循环和地震的发生能起着至关重要的作用。因此,准确限定流体在俯冲带的分布范围和迁移机制对理解全球动力学具有重要意义。早期的研究普遍认为:俯冲洋壳脱水产生的流体只在较深的深度(通常在弧火山以下~105 km处)才开始进入上覆地幔,降低地幔物质部分熔融的温度,进而控制弧火山的位置。 相似文献
7.
俯冲带地幔演化与岩浆作用是地球各固体圈层之间发生物质和能量交换的重要地质过程.西太平洋雅浦海沟因其极短的沟-弧距离和洋脊碰撞等独特的地质构造特征成为研究复杂条件下俯冲带演化的理想场所.为了探究雅浦海沟地幔演化与岩浆作用,本文将前人对雅浦海沟火成岩的研究数据进行整合,分析了雅浦海沟火成岩的成因,并根据火成岩形成的制约条件,对卡罗琳板块俯冲到菲律宾海板块的地幔演化与岩浆作用过程进行了讨论.结果显示雅浦海沟火成岩均具有与俯冲相关火成岩的典型特征.橄榄岩地球化学特征指示雅浦海沟地幔熔融程度为20%~25%,地幔在部分熔融过程中受到了流体与熔体的双重交代作用.Re-Os同位素特征指示雅浦海沟地幔中存在约1.16 Ga非常古老的残余地幔,表明地幔可能经历过多期熔融事件,从而导致雅浦海沟地幔非常亏损.雅浦岛弧成因至今仍存争议,主要包括:(1)现今雅浦岛弧为帕里希维拉海盆洋壳的一部分,在中新世因卡罗琳洋脊的碰撞导致帕里希维拉海盆洋壳逆冲到原雅浦岛弧之上.(2)雅浦岛弧在不同构造时期经历过多期岛弧岩浆作用,包括俯冲初始阶段(~52 Ma)的弧前玄武岩、俯冲开始后的岛弧玄武岩(~25 Ma)、与卡罗琳洋脊碰撞(21 Ma)后的岛弧拉斑玄武岩(7~11 Ma).其中7~11 Ma的岛弧拉斑玄武岩指示雅浦岛弧岩浆活动并未因卡罗琳洋脊的碰撞完全停止,很有可能在晚中新世短暂恢复活动. 相似文献
8.
袁超 Turner S Williams H Piazolo S Blichert-Toft J Gerdes M Adam J Liu XM Schaefer B Maury R 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2019,(1):60-60
岛弧岩浆作为俯冲作用的产物不仅可以理解大陆地壳的形成,而且对指示大陆地壳的循环作用具有重要的意义。目前关于岛弧岩浆的源区交代作用和分异深度等相关问题一直存在争议。其中,弧岩浆的结晶分异究竟发生在莫霍面附近并伴随着堆晶岩的拆沉,还是发生在更浅的地壳深度? 相似文献
9.
班公湖—怒江缝合带作为青藏高原的主缝合带之一,其研究对班公湖—怒江特提斯洋的演化和造山带的研究具有重要意义。本文首次对该缝合带西段昂龙岗日地区沙木罗组火山岩进行系统的野外地质调查,并结合全岩地球化学分析,探讨火山岩的成因、构造环境及地球动力学背景。沙木罗组火山岩从底部至顶部共划分出3个火山喷发亚旋回,岩性为安山岩和安山质火山碎屑岩。地球化学分析表明3个亚旋回的火山岩均为钙碱性系列,LREE和不相容元素相对富集,而相对亏损HREE和Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素,具岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征。第一喷发亚旋回火山岩具典型的高镁安山岩特征,暗示是大洋板块俯冲作用的产物,从第一喷发亚旋回至第三喷发亚旋回构造环境由大洋岛弧过渡为大陆边缘弧,火山岩形成于大洋地壳向大陆地壳之下俯冲的背景,且洋壳初始俯冲的时间不晚于晚侏罗世末。岩浆起源于受俯冲板片流体交代的亏损地幔—弱富集地幔,来自俯冲板片的流体上升,引起上覆地幔楔物质发生部分熔融,形成幔源岩浆,在密度差的作用下幔源岩浆向上运移,底侵下地壳,引发下地壳物质发生部分熔融,并与之发生混合作用,形成了研究区火山岩的母岩浆,在岩浆源区或岩浆上升过程中遭受了地壳物质的混染作用,且岩浆演化以部分熔融作用为主,结合区域大地构造背景认为沙木罗组火山岩的形成与班公湖—怒江特提斯洋盆向北向羌塘地块之下俯冲关系密切,沙木罗组角度不整合覆盖在木嘎岗日岩群之上不能作为班公湖—怒江特提斯洋盘闭合的证据。 相似文献
10.
冲绳海槽中部和南部玄武岩的区域性差异及其成因研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文从岩石学和岩石化学角度出发 ,对冲绳海槽中部和南部玄武岩样品进行了对比研究。结果表明中部和南部玄武岩均系亚碱性玄武岩 ,其中前者兼具钙碱性系列和拉斑玄武岩系列两种性质 ,后者则主要属拉斑玄武岩系列。根据岩石化学特征命名 ,中部样品主体为石英拉斑玄武岩 ,南部样品则为橄榄拉斑玄武岩。两区海槽玄武岩岩浆均由下伏地幔岩部分熔融而成 ,但源区地幔性质不均一 ,岩浆演化程度各异。中部样品源区地幔性质为过渡型 ,结晶分异程度较高 ;南部样品源于近亏损或富集型的地幔 ,结晶分异程度较弱 ;另外两区玄武岩样品均受到了不同程度的陆壳物质混染。中、南部海槽玄武岩在岩石学、岩石化学方面的差异与源区地幔性质不均一和岩浆演化程度各异有直接关系。海槽玄武岩构造环境属于过渡洋中脊玄武岩 (张性 )与岛弧玄武岩 (压性 )之间 ,代表的仍是海槽早期的岩浆活动。 相似文献
11.
Tatiana Churikova Gerhard Wörner Nikita Mironov Andreas Kronz 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,154(2):217-239
Volatile element, major and trace element compositions were measured in glass inclusions in olivine from samples across the
Kamchatka arc. Glasses were analyzed in reheated melt inclusions by electron microprobe for major elements, S and Cl, trace
elements and F were determined by SIMS. Volatile element–trace element ratios correlated with fluid-mobile elements (B, Li)
suggesting successive changes and three distinct fluid compositions with increasing slab depth. The Eastern Volcanic arc Front
(EVF) was dominated by fluid highly enriched in B, Cl and chalcophile elements and also LILE (U, Th, Ba, Pb), F, S and LREE
(La, Ce). This arc-front fluid contributed less to magmas from the central volcanic zone and was not involved in back arc
magmatism. The Central Kamchatka Depression (CKD) was dominated by a second fluid enriched in S and U, showing the highest
S/K2O and U/Th ratios. Additionally this fluid was unusually enriched in 87Sr and 18O. In the back arc Sredinny Ridge (SR) a third fluid was observed, highly enriched in F, Li, and Be as well as LILE and LREE.
We argue from the decoupling of B and Li that dehydration of different water-rich minerals at different depths explains the
presence of different fluids across the Kamchatka arc. In the arc front, fluids were derived from amphibole and serpentine
dehydration and probably were water-rich, low in silica and high in B, LILE, sulfur and chlorine. Large amounts of water produced
high degrees of melting below the EVF and CKD. Fluids below the CKD were released at a depth between 100 and 200 km due to
dehydration of lawsonite and phengite and probably were poorer in water and richer in silica. Fluids released at high pressure
conditions below the back arc (SR) probably were much denser and dissolved significant amounts of silicate minerals, and potentially
carried high amounts of LILE and HFSE.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
12.
Sources and Fluids in the Mantle Wedge below Kamchatka, Evidence from Across-arc Geochemical Variation 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：10
Major and trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic variationsin mafic volcanic rocks hve been studied in a 220 km transectacross the Kamchatka arc from the Eastern Volcanic Front, overthe Central Kamchatka Depression to the Sredinny Ridge in theback-arc. Thirteen volcanoes and lava fields, from 110 to 400km above the subducted slab, were sampled. This allows us tocharacterize spatial variations and the relative amount andcomposition of the slab fluid involved in magma genesis. TypicalKamchatka arc basalts, normalized for fractionation to 6% MgO,display a strong increase in large ion lithophile, light rareearth and high field strength elements from the arc front tothe back-arc. Ba/Zr and Ce/Pb ratios, however, are nearly constantacross the arc, which suggests a similar fluid input for Baand Pb. La/Yb and Nb/Zr increase from the arc front to the back-arc.Rocks from the Central Kamchatka Depression range in 87Sr/86Srfrom 0·70334 to 0·70366, but have almost constantNd isotopic compositions (143Nd/144Nd 0·51307–0·51312).This correlates with the highest U/Th ratios in these rocks.Pb-isotopic ratios are mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-like butdecrease slightly from the volcanic front to the back-arc. Theinitial mantle source ranged from N-MORB-like in the volcanicfront and Central Kamchatka Depression to more enriched in theback-arc. This enriched component is similar to an ocean-islandbasalt (OIB) source. Variations in (CaO)6·0–(Na2O)6·0show that degree of melting decreases from the arc front tothe Central Kamchatka Depression and remains constant from thereto the Sredinny Ridge. Calculated fluid compositions have asimilar trace element pattern across the arc, although minordifferences are implied. A model is presented that quantifiesthe various mantle components (variably depleted N-MORB-mantleand enriched OIB-mantle) and the fluid compositions added tothis mantle wedge. The amount of fluid added ranges from 0·7to 2·1%. The degree of melting changes from 相似文献
13.
Abundance and distribution of PGE and Au in the island-arc mantle: implications for sub-arc metasomatism 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Ultramafic xenoliths from a veined mantle wedge beneath the Kamchatka arc have non-chondritic, fractionated chondrite-normalized platinum-group element (PGE) patterns. Depleted (e.g., low bulk-rock Al2O3 and CaO contents) mantle harzburgites show clear enrichment in the Pd group relative to the Ir group PGEs and, in most samples, Pt relative to Rh and Pd. These PGE signatures most likely reflect multi-stage melting which selectively concentrates Pt in Pt–Fe alloys while strongly depleting the sub-arc mantle wedge in incompatible elements. Elevated gold concentrations and enrichment of strongly incompatible enrichment (e.g., Ba and Th) in some harzburgites suggest a late-stage metasomatism by slab-derived, saline hydrous fluids. Positive Pt, Pd, and Au anomalies coupled with Ir depletions in heavily metasomatized pyroxenite xenoliths probably reflect the relative mobility of the Pd and Ir groups (especially Os) during sub-arc metasomatism which is consistent with Os systematics in arc mantle nodules. Positive correlations between Pt, Pd, and Au and various incompatible elements (Hf, U, Ta, and Sr) also suggest that both slab-derived hydrous fluids and siliceous melts were involved in the sub-arc mantle metasomatism beneath the Kamchatka arc. 相似文献
14.
15.
Insights into Petrological Characteristics of the Lithosphere of Mantle Wedge beneath Arcs through Peridotite Xenoliths: a Review 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The petrological characteristics of peridotite xenoliths exhumedfrom the lithospheric mantle below the Western Pacific arcs(Kamchatka, NE Japan, SW Japan, Luzon–Taiwan, New Irelandand Vanuatu) are reviewed to obtain an overview of the supra-subductionzone mantle in mature subduction systems. These data are thencompared with those for peridotite xenoliths from recent orolder arcs described in the literature (e.g. New Britain, WesternCanada to USA, Central Mexico, Patagonia, Lesser Antilles andPannonian Basin) to establish a petrological model of the lithosphericmantle beneath the arc. In currently active volcanic arcs, thedegree of partial melting recorded in the peridotites appearsto decrease away from the fore-arc towards the back-arc region.Highly depleted harzburgites, more depleted than abyssal harzburgites,occur only in the frontal arc to fore-arc region. The degreeof depletion increases again to a degree similar to that ofthe most depleted abyssal harzburgites within the back-arc extensionalregion, whether or not a back-arc basin is developed. Metasomatismis most prominent beneath the volcanic front, where the magmaproduction rate is highest; silica enrichment, involving themetasomatic formation of secondary orthopyroxene at the expenseof olivine, is important in this region because of the additionof slab-derived siliceous fluids. Some apparently primary orthopyroxenes,such as those in harzburgites from the Lesser Antilles arc,could possibly be of this secondary paragenesis but have beenrecrystallized such that the replacement texture is lost. TheTi content of hydrous minerals is relatively low in the sub-arclithospheric mantle peridotites. The K/Na ratio of the metasomatichydrous minerals decreases rearward from the fore-arc mantleas well as downward within the lithospheric mantle. The lithosphericmantle wedge peridotites, especially metasomatized ones frombelow the volcanic front, are highly oxidized. Shearing of themantle wedge is expected beneath the volcanic front, and isrepresented by fine-grained peridotite xenoliths. KEY WORDS: mantle wedge; lithospheric mantle; peridotite xenoliths; melting; metasomatism 相似文献
16.
Formation of a third volcanic chain in Kamchatka: generation of unusual subduction-related magmas 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Yoshiyuki Tatsumi Tetsu Kogiso Susumu Nohda 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1995,120(2):117-128
The unusual development of three volcanic chains, all parallel to the trend of the subduction trench, is observed in Kamchatka at the northern edge of the Kurile arc. Elsewhere on the Earth volcanic arcs dominantly consist of only two such chains. In the Kurile arc, magmatism in the third volcanic chain, which is farthest from the trench, is also unusual in that lavas show concentrations of incompatible elements intermediate between those of the two trenchward chains. This observation can be explained by relatively shallow segregation of primary magmas and high degrees of partial melting of magmas in the third chain, compared to the conditions of magma separation expected from a simple application of the general acrossarc variation. Initial magmas in such an atypical third chain may be produced by melting of K-amphibolebearing peridotite in the down-dragged layer at the base of the mantle wedge under anomalously hightemperature conditions. Such an unusual melting event may be associated with the particular tectonic setting of the Kamchatka region, i.e. the presence of subductiontransform boundary. Such a mechanism is consistent with the across-arc variation in Rb/K ratios in the Kamchatka lavas: lowest in the third chain rocks and highest in the second chain rocks. 相似文献
17.
Anna O. Volynets Tatiana G. Churikova Gerhard Wörner Boris N. Gordeychik Paul Layer 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2010,159(5):659-687
New 40Ar/39Ar and published 14C ages constrain voluminous mafic volcanism of the Kamchatka back-arc to Miocene (3–6 Ma) and Late Pleistocene to Holocene
(<1 Ma) times. Trace elements and isotopic compositions show that older rocks derived from a depleted mantle through subduction
fluid-flux melting (>20%). Younger rocks form in a back arc by lower melting degrees involving enriched mantle components.
The arc front and Central Kamchatka Depression are also underlain by plateau lavas and shield volcanoes of Late Pleistocene
age. The focus of these voluminous eruptions thus migrated in time and may be the result of a high fluid flux in a setting
where the Emperor seamount subducts and the slab steepens during rollback during terrain accretions. The northern termination
of Holocene volcanism locates the edge of the subducting Pacific plate below Kamchatka, a “slab-edge-effect” is not observed
in the back arc region. 相似文献
18.
南菲律宾地区类埃达克岩和富铌玄武质熔岩的成因 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
PaternoRCASTILLO 《岩石学报》2002,18(2):143-151
埃达克岩（adakite)最初 是指由消减板片玄武岩物质熔融形成的富硅、富钠、高Sr/Y和La/Yb比值的弧火山熔岩。它通常产在会聚带，这个部位的年轻的、因而仍然是热的大洋板片正在发生俯冲消减。富铌的岛弦玄武央进则是吕等到高碱的镁铁质熔岩，它们相对于正常的岛弦玄武岩含有较多的高场强元素（HFSE）。这些玄武岩通常与埃达克央共生， 这一组合是直被用于论证他们的高HFSE含量是因为他们的地幔源区受到板片来源的熔体的交代。先前的区域研究结果表明，南菲律宾是埃达克岩和富铌岛孤玄武岩的一个典型产地。然而最近的详细研究显示，尽管该地区的一些岛弧火山岩是类埃达克岩的，但是它们很可能是来自地幔楔的母岩浆的分异作用的产物，而这里的地幔楔主要是受沉积来源的成分交代的，此外，菲律宾南部最典型的富铌熔岩中HFSE的富集，也很有可能是起因于似乎是西太平洋边缘特有的富集地幔组分的熔融。这些结果提出了如下问题：南菲律宾是否存在真正的板片来源的熔体？这里的富铌岛弧 熔岩是否起因于地幔楔被这种熔体交代？ 相似文献
19.
Although slab-derived fluid significantly affects melt generation and dynamics within subduction zones, its amount and distribution are not sufficiently constrained at present. Herein, we use isotopic systematics of arc volcanic rocks, subducting materials, and intrinsic mantle components prior to metasomatism, to quantify the contribution of the slab-derived fluid that metasomatizes the overlying mantle wedge beneath the entire area of Japan arcs. Simultaneous application of several multivariate statistical analyses (clustering analysis and principal/independent component analyses) to the isotopic data set allows Japan arcs to be broadly divided into eastern and western parts at the first order. Moreover, a clear higher-order inter-arc segmentation is observed, together with some intra-arc variations that possibly correspond to the heterogeneity of incoming plates. Inter-arc segmentation is shown to be primarily controlled by the geometrical parameters of the slab and the arc (e.g., subduction of a single plate or double plates beneath either oceanic or continental crust), which results in differences between mantle wedge and slab thermal conditions. Accordingly, the Kuril and Izu arcs, which have thin arc crusts (~20 km), exhibit the lowest extent of slab-derived fluid addition (0.1 wt%) to the mantle wedge, while the NE Japan arc, with a thicker arc crust (up to 36 km), features a higher value of 0.2 wt%, although the slab thermal parameters for these three arcs are essentially the same. The Central Japan arc shows the highest extent of slab-derived fluid addition (>1.0 wt%) because of the overlapping subduction of Pacific and Philippine Sea slabs, while the SW Japan and Ryukyu arcs feature moderate values of ~0.5 wt%. Moreover, a clear exotic plume zone and spots are observed in SW Japan and the Japan Sea. In addition to the variability of slab-derived fluid composition, the intrinsic mantle composition (before slab-derived fluid–induced metasomatism) shows a clear along-arc variation that is possibly caused by a large-scale mantle flow from the continental side. Thus, slab-derived fluid addition and mantle composition variability equally contribute to inter-arc segmentation, which highlights the importance of both local and regional thermal flow structures of slab-mantle systems. 相似文献
20.
Matthew E. Brueseke Jeffrey A. Benowitz Jeffrey M. Trop Kailyn N. Davis Samuel E. Berkelhammer Paul W. Layer Bethany K. Morter 《地学学报》2019,31(1):59-66
The Oligocene to Present Wrangell Volcanic Belt (WVB) extends for ~500 km across south‐central Alaska (USA) into Canada at a volcanic arc‐transform junction. Previously, geochemistry documented mantle wedge and slab‐edge melting in <12 Ma WVB volcanic rocks; new geochemistry shows that the same processes characterized ~18–30 Ma WVB magmatism in Alaska. New 40Ar/39Ar ages demonstrate that WVB magmatism in Alaska initiated at ~30 Ma due to flat‐slab subduction of the Yakutat microplate and that the dextral Totschunda fault was active at this time. Our results, together with prior studies, show that Alaskan WVB magmatism occurred chiefly due to subduction and should be considered a volcanic arc (e.g. the Wrangell Arc). The WVB provides a long‐term geological record of subduction, strike‐slip and magmatism. Slab‐edge upwelling, flat‐slab defocused fluid‐flux and faults acting as magma conduits are likely responsible for the exceptionally large volcanoes and high eruption rates of the Wrangell Arc. 相似文献