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1.
The design against failure of an embankment resting upon a soft soil improved by a group of columns is investigated with the help of the yield design homogenization approach. Assuming that both constituents of the reinforced ground are purely cohesive materials (‘lime column’ technique), an upper bound estimate for the macroscopic strength condition of the reinforced soil as a homogenized medium is first obtained, providing definite evidence of a shear strength anisotropy associated with the reinforcement preferential orientation. The kinematic method of yield design is then performed on the basis of such a criterion, making use of rotational failure mechanisms involving slip circles in the reinforced ground. Upper bound estimates are finally obtained for the embankment stability factor, as functions of the degree of reinforcement and relative thickness of the soil layer. These results are compared with those derived from a simplified analysis, where the reinforced soil is assumed to exhibit an averaged isotropic cohesion. This comparison clearly indicates that the latter simplified analysis may produce quite unsafe estimates for the embankment stability, which can be attributed to the fact that it fails to capture the inherent strength anisotropy of the reinforced soil. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
The stability analysis of a piled embankment under seismic loading is considered, with a special emphasis on the optimization of the reinforcement layout by splitting the initial group of vertical piles into two symmetrically inclined arrays of parallel inclusions. The bidirectionally-reinforced soil thus obtained is appropriately described, at the macroscopic scale, by a three-phase model, conceived as an extension of the two-phase model previously developed for unidirectionally-reinforced soils. The model is implemented in a finite element formulation and related numerical code, which is used for simulating the behavior of the piled embankment up to failure. The results of these simulations, which favourably compare with upper bound yield design calculations, clearly indicate that the seismic resistance of the embankment can be considerably increased from symmetrically inclining the piles, even without taking the potential benefits of their flexural resistance into account. 相似文献
3.
为了分析素混凝土桩复合地基支承路堤沉降变形特征和失稳破坏机制,建立了3组不同桩间距的素混凝土桩复合地基支承路堤离心试验模型及其数值模型。结果表明：在路堤填土自重、轨道和车辆荷载作用下,改变桩间距对素混凝土桩复合地基支承路堤沉降变形、桩体应变、加筋垫层和桩体破坏模式具有显著的影响;当桩间距不大于4倍桩径时,加筋垫层整体基本保持完好,路堤下素混凝土桩复合地基沉降能逐渐趋于稳定,而桩间距达到6倍桩径后,桩顶刺穿加筋垫层,加筋垫层对桩土变形协调和传递荷载作用失效,素混凝土桩复合地基支承路堤沉降持续增大;当桩间距达到4倍桩径时,素混凝土桩最大应变值发生随上部荷载的增大反而减小的突变现象,最靠近坡脚的素混凝土桩最先产生弯曲破坏而不是剪切破坏,当桩间距增大至6倍桩径时,桩体弯曲破坏逐渐往路堤中心方向发展。 相似文献
4.
为控制路堤的整体稳定性,刚性桩现已常用于软土路基的加固。本文引入了桩体的断开机制,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对刚性桩加固软土路基的失稳破坏模式进行分析,相较于传统的数值模拟方法,体现了路堤荷载作用下,刚性桩的渐次失稳破坏过程。在此基础上,考虑桩体可能优先发生的弯曲破坏,提出将临界比例n作为判断桩体优先发生剪切破坏或弯曲破坏的临界值,并将其作为本文桩体断开机制的终止判别条件,合理地规避了数值模拟软件定量计算存在的较大误差。最后,将本文数值模拟与传统的数值模拟、等效砂桩法的数值模拟进行对比,结果反应出本文数值模拟方法的合理性与可靠性,工程上可通过增大前排桩的抗弯强度或限制桩体的水平位移,提高路堤的整体稳定性。 相似文献
5.
为了解抗滑桩—预应力锚索框架组合结构在地震作用下的受力机制,基于四川省东北部某滑坡治理工程,采用MIDAS/GTS有限元程序建立抗滑桩—预应力锚索框架数值模型,利用位移时程曲线法对加固边坡进行稳定安全系数计算,而后输入不同峰值地震加速度（peak ground accelerations,PGA）的Wolong地震波,分析了加固边坡的加速度响应、桩锚结构内力变化以及荷载分担规律.研究结果表明,加固边坡的稳定安全系数满足规范要求,在地震作用下其上部存在潜在浅层滑面,中部和下部存在潜在深层滑面,与静力条件下加固边坡的潜在滑面分布不同,这是加速度高程放大效应所致;随着输入地震波PGA增大,加速度高程放大效应明显加强,且抗滑桩桩身弯矩和剪力增大,但其最大值出现位置不变,桩身正、负弯矩最大值分别位于距桩顶约0.7L和0.4L处,最大正、负剪力分别位于距桩顶约0.9L和0.7L处,实际工程中需注意防范抗滑桩在滑面附近发生破坏;同时随着输入地震波PGA增大,桩锚承担的荷载逐渐增大,但抗滑桩分担的下滑力比例增大,而锚索分担的下滑力比例减小,故实际工程设计中不应固定桩锚荷载分担比例. 相似文献
6.
为了有效地确定悬臂式抗滑桩加固的黏土边坡地震永久位移,基于极限分析上限定理,针对圆弧滑动式土坡破坏模式,通过对设置抗滑桩条件下土坡进行外力功率和内能耗散率的计算,按严格力学定义推导出坡体在地震作用下的安全系数,进而导出与安全系数相对应的边坡地震屈服加速度计算公式,并结合Newmark滑块位移法对边坡产生的转动加速度进行二次积分,推导出与边坡设计安全系数密切相关的坡体地震永久位移的详细计算公式。以5.12汶川地震卧龙测站东向地震波为例,通过对一算例边坡进行分析,给出了边坡永久位移时程曲线以及不同设计安全系数与永久位移的关系,分析了算法与Ambraseys算法的结果,验证了所提计算方法的有效性,并得到不同设计安全系数时边坡土体黏聚力和内摩擦角对坡体永久位移的影响规律。研究结果表明,坡体永久位移随着设计安全系数的增加逐渐呈指数函数式减小变化,在较低设计安全系数下,坡体永久位移受土体抗剪强度参数影响较为敏感,随着设计安全系数的提高,这种敏感性则逐渐降低。 相似文献
7.
Stability analysis of slopes reinforced with piles 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
In this paper, the kinematic approach of limit analysis is used to analyse the stability of earth slopes reinforced with piles. First, the case of slope without piles is considered and a procedure is developed to calculate the safety factor for the slope. Results are compared with those obtained using both the limit equilibrium method and more complex upper and lower bound limit analysis solutions. Then, the stability of slopes reinforced with piles is analysed. Expressions are derived allowing the force needed to increase the safety factor to a desired value and the most suitable location of piles within the slope to be evaluated. A study is carried out to illustrate the effect of piles on slope stability. 相似文献
8.
This paper is devoted to the stability analysis of a vertical embankment in reinforced soil, assuming that a very large number of reinforcements are periodically distributed throughout the soil mass. The reinforced soil is modelled as a homogeneous medium that obeys a macroscopic yield condition. Two numerical formulations of the homogenized problem, derived from the lower and upper bound theorems of limit analysis, respectively, with a finite element discretization technique, are described. They both lead to a linear programming problem, which is carried out by means of XPRESS industrial LP code. The practical implementation of both the static and kinematic finite element programs on the case of a vertical reinforced earth wall results in close estimates of its failure height, which are in good agreement with available experimental data. This points to the ability of such programs to provide a rigorous evaluation of the limit loads of structures through the determination of lower bound and upper bound estimates sufficiently close to each other. 相似文献
9.
为了研究地震动特性对液化场地高桩码头抗震性能的影响,本文依托高桩码头工程实例,建立了液化场地全直桩高桩码头地震反应分析数值模型,系统分析了地震作用下高桩码头的关键动力响应特征,确定了高桩码头各抗震性能需求指标,揭示了地震动特性对各抗震性能需求指标的影响规律。研究表明：地震作用下高桩码头桩基受弯、受剪和受压薄弱环节分别出现在持力层与上部粉质黏土层交界处、岸坡标高处和砂层与上部粉质黏土层交界处;峰值加速度、频谱特性和地震动输入方向均会显著影响高桩码头各项性能指标的抗震需求;高桩码头桩基的抗弯、抗剪和抗压性能需求分别由最靠陆侧桩桩顶处弯矩、各薄弱环节剪力和砂层与上部土层交界处轴力控制,抗震延性需求均由最靠海侧桩桩顶处水平位移需求控制。 相似文献
10.
In this study, upper bound finite element (FE) limit analysis is applied to stability problems of slopes using a nonlinear criterion. After formulating the upper bound analysis as the dual form of a second-order cone programming (SOCP) problem, the stress field and corresponding shear strength parameters can be determined iteratively. Thus, the nonlinear failure criterion is represented by the shear strength parameters associated with stress so that the analysis of slope stability using a nonlinear failure criterion can be transformed into the traditional upper bound method with a linear Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. Comparison with published solutions illustrates the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method for a simple homogeneous slope stability problem. The proposed approach is also applied to a seismic stability problem for a rockfill dam to study the influence of different failure criterions on the upper bound solutions. The results show that the seismic stability coefficients obtained using two different nonlinear failure criteria are similar but that the convergence differs significantly. 相似文献
11.
路基填土对桥台桩基影响的试验与数值仿真分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
台后路基荷载会使地基软弱下卧层发生压缩和水平移动,致使桥台桩基的受力性状非常复杂。在现场测试结果的基础上,建立了三维有限元模型,模拟了台后路基荷载作用下桥台桩基的受力性状,并与实测结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,有限元计算结果与实测结果较为一致。中间桩排和后排桩桩身最大弯矩与台后路基荷载的关系呈双折线型,与Stewart等提出的一致,但双折线转折点所对应的路基填土荷载并不一致。中间桩排的填土荷载为软土层固结不排水黏聚力强度ccu与土层厚度的加权平均值的3.34倍,后排桩约为2.22倍;前排桩的最大弯矩与路基填土荷载呈线性变化。桩顶变形与台后路基荷载呈非线性关系,可以分为两部分。前排桩桩身最大弯矩位置一直在软土层中,不随台后路基荷载变化;而后排桩桩身最大弯矩位置在台后路基荷载较小时位于软土层中,随着台后路基荷载的增大,最终出现在桩顶。 相似文献
12.
在劲芯水泥土桩承载路堤的工程应用中,芯桩比外桩短的情况比较普遍。但是,人们对短芯劲芯水泥土桩承载路堤的桩体破坏模式和失稳破坏机理的认识较为欠缺,无法合理评价路堤的稳定性。鉴于此,本文通过室内模型试验,开展短芯劲芯水泥土桩承载路堤失稳破坏模式研究。通过监测芯桩导电通路变化、芯桩桩身应变和桩土竖向应力,并结合PIV技术,综合分析桩体渐进式破坏模式和路堤整体失稳规律。研究结果表明,在路堤顶面下,荷载主要由芯桩承担,并随着超载增加,芯桩外桩荷载分担作用减小,但路堤失稳后芯桩仍具有一定荷载分担作用。在路堤失稳破坏过程中,路堤下桩体表现出受压破坏且芯桩底部局部鼓胀破坏,坡面下桩体表现出压弯和拉弯破坏模式,地基滑动面并不完全穿过桩体破坏位置。 相似文献
13.
以苏通长江大桥主墩特大型群桩基础为研究背景,考虑地震动的不确定性,将地震激励作为平稳随机过程,采用随机地震反应分析方法,对深厚场地上群桩基础受上部桥墩荷载下的地震反应进行研究。土体动力非线性性能采用等效线性化方法考虑。由于桥墩惯性作用以及软土土层对桩身位移的约束作用,地震激励下桩身位移呈三角形分布。土体位移与土体和基础间距离有关,桥墩-桩-土相互作用对基础两侧1.5倍基础宽度的土体位移有较大影响。桩体内力反应结果表明,桩顶及桩身上部剪力及弯矩均较大,边桩剪力显著大于中间桩剪力。此外,基于强度破坏准则,对以桩身屈服剪力作为控制指标的群桩基础动力可靠性进行了分析。 相似文献
14.
D. T. BergadoJ. C. ChaiN. Miura 《Computers and Geotechnics》1995,17(4):447-471
The behavior of a reinforced embankment on soft Bangkok clay has been analyzed by plane strain finite element method. The finite element analysis considers the selection of proper soil/reinforcement properties according to the relative displacement pattern of upper and lower interface elements. The large deformation phenomenon is simulated by updating the node coordinates, including those of the embankment elements above the current construction level, which ensures that the applied fill thickness simulates the actual field value. A full scale test reinforced embankment with a vertical face (wall) on Bangkok clay has been analyzed by the proposed finite element method, and the numerical results are compared with the field data. The response of a reinforced embankment on soft ground is principally controlled by the interaction between the reinforced soil mass and soft ground and the interaction between the grid reinforcement and the backfill soil. The tension in reinforcement and lateral displacement of the wall face varied during consolidation of foundation soil. The maximum tension force occurred in the reinforcement layer placed at the base of reinforced mass, due to bending of the reinforced mass resulting from differential settlements. It is considered necessary to account for the permeability variation of the soft ground foundation in the finite element analysis. 相似文献
15.
This paper presents a numerical analysis of a well-monitored pile–slab-supported embankment for the Beijing–Tianjin high-speed railway in China. Cement–fly ash–gravel piles were used in this project. A coupled two-dimensional mechanical and hydraulic numerical model was used for this analysis and the results are compared with the field measurements including settlement, load distribution between soil and pile, and excess pore pressure. The numerical model calculated the settlement profile close to that measured in the field. The proportion of the load carried by the soil was small thus significantly reducing the settlement. The stress transfer from the soil to the piles reduced the excess pore pressure effectively. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of three key factors on the performance of the embankment. The parametric study indicated that the existence of a cushion reduced the shear force in the slab. The increase in slab thickness and pile stiffness increased the shear force and bending moment in the slab. An increase in pile stiffness reduced the settlement and lateral displacement of the embankment. 相似文献
16.
液化型路堤边坡动力稳定性问题涉及岩土工程与工程地震两个学科领域,是边坡工程与砂土液化的交叉课题。采用天然地震记录为输入条件,应用Finn本构关系模型,运用有限差分法,对填土+砂土+卵砾土地层组合的路堤边坡进行了全时程动力分析,探讨了地震作用下路堤边坡的液化初步规律和稳定性。数值模拟结果表明:地震作用引起了路基饱和砂土有效应力急剧减小,并导致路基砂土液化,引起路堤变形破坏。孔隙水压力的积累与消散不仅与地震记录序列存在对应关系,也与砂土所处的位置和深度有密切关系。地表变形破坏主要表现为路堤顶面发生震陷和拉裂破坏,坡底面产生挤压隆起变形。地面以下的变形破坏主要包括土体剪切破坏和深部砂土液化引起的侧向流动破坏。 相似文献
17.
长短桩复合地基中,地震发生时,短桩在降低长桩所受剪力和弯矩影响中起到重要作用。本研究对弹性地基中的钢管桩基础实行了静态有限元分析,以及动态离心模型试验,通过桩径、桩长、桩间距等参数进行剪切波速,长桩剪力弯矩的对比分析,得到一种新的水平向群桩效应系数计算方法,并通过对模型建筑物的模拟,验证了该方法的有效性与实用性。结果表明,静态有限元数值模拟分析和离心模型试验结果有较好拟合,不同震级作用下通过该方法均能给出较为合理的系数。本文结果可为长短桩复合桩基的抗震性能提供重要参考,实际工程中,通过调整桩径,桩长,短桩数量等参数,可以提出更为合理的设计施工方案。 相似文献
18.
Two trial piles were installed at the berm section of an embankment in the later stage of its construction and one of them was fitted with an oversized casing to isolate its top 3 m from the action of surrounding soil. Lateral bending behaviour these two piles subjected to passive sub soil movements were very different from each other because of the casing and is modelled in this paper using a three dimensional analysis. The effect of relative stiffness of the piles on their lateral bending behaviour is investigated. The effect of interface joint slip on the pile’s behaviour is also investigated in a later section of this paper. 相似文献
19.
对于桩承式路堤作用效应的研究目前主要侧重于对静荷载作用下桩土应力比和土拱效应等,较少考虑动荷载的影响,而车辆运行产生的动应力会对路堤中的土拱产生一定的影响,进而影响桩承式路堤的整体性能。为了分析静、动荷载作用下桩承式加筋路堤的性能变化,采用可视化模型试验和颗粒流数值模拟相结合的方法,对桩承式路堤在静载和动载下的应力传递和变形性状进行研究,分析动载作用下填土高度、桩帽、桩距、加筋形式、荷载频率的影响。试验结果表明,在动载下无筋路堤的桩顶的应力减小,而桩间的应力和位移增大,并且变化的幅度均比加筋路堤大,加筋材料的设置有利于减小动载的影响效应,但不同加筋形式下桩承式路堤的工作性状有所不同,受动载影响程度的大小主要与土拱效应的强弱有关。设置双层加筋时,因加筋材料与周围砂土形成半刚性平台,土拱效应减弱,故受动载影响的程度最小,单层加筋时,格栅设于桩顶上方10 cm比格栅置于桩顶受动载影响的程度明显减小,颗粒流的模拟结果验证了以上结果,并且进一步得出随荷载频率的增加、填土高度与桩净距的减小,动载的影响效应增大的结论。 相似文献
20.
土钉-预加固桩复合支护技术已在基坑及边坡工程中取得了大量应用,但在黄土高边坡开挖中的应用相对较少。基于详细的现场监测数据并辅以有限元数值计算,分析了边坡开挖过程中支护体系受力及变形随时间和空间的变化规律。结果表明：预加固桩的水平位移随着时间的推移与开挖深度的增加呈增大趋势,并最终趋于稳定,同时,桩身剪力及弯矩亦随开挖的进行而不断增大;剪力最大值的位置不断下移,说明边坡的潜在滑动面有不断向下扩展的趋势。与深基坑支护桩的土压力分布相比,土钉-预加固桩复合支护体系中桩后土压力随开挖呈不断减小的趋势,但桩前土压力随着开挖深度的增加,有增有减。随着施工开挖深度的增加,土钉所测得的应力有着明显的增大,说明土钉对抑制坡体变形起到了一定作用。在预加固桩的影响下,桩上方坡体的最危险破裂面为圆弧状,其剪出口位于预加固桩桩顶处。开挖深度较浅时,土钉对整体稳定性的贡献较大,而随着开挖深度的变大,预加固桩的加固效果开始占主导地位。 相似文献