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Kurseong hill subdivision, being one of the three (Kurseong, Sadar and Kalingpong) subdivisions of the hilly portions of the Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India, is affected by severe landslide incidence in the rainy season every year. These landslides and related phenomena frequently create social and economic instability disrupting communication system, claiming property and even sometimes life. Curbing landslide threat, therefore, becomes very much essential over this area. Individual landslide treatments are seen to be taken up by the construction engineers and geo-technical experts almost every year from government level. But reoccurrence of landslides on the same spots or surrounding places clearly reveals that construction works and filling procedures (usually taken up) are not the adequate measures to heal up the problem unless the area is treated as zones of landslides than individual spots of landslide occurrences. Therefore, the assessment of spatial probability of landslide occurrence in various magnitudes in the form of landslide vulnerability zones becomes essential. This spatial probability should also be compared with temporal probability based on the data of landslide incidence of the area for justification of match or mismatch between the inference drawn from the diagnostic criteria based assessment of the possibility level of landslide occurrence and the reality of the landslide scenario in the light of historical perspective of the area. This comparison will finally help to achieve the predicted vulnerability zones of landslide with desirable accuracy to put forward for planning decision. Moreover, such predicted vulnerability zonation can be taken as a standard estimate to use in planning purpose for the areas where historical data of landslide incidences are inadequate or unavailable. With this view in mind, the present paper takes an attempt to verify and compare landslide vulnerability zones derived from Spatial Terrain Parameter Evaluation (STPE) and Anthropogenic Criteria Identification (ACI) methods with the landslide hazard zones prepared from historical data, i.e. landslide inventory of certain length of time. Careful observation reveals that different degrees of landslide vulnerability zones significantly correspond with the similar magnitudes of the landslide hazard zones determined by past occurrence data of landslides over this hill subdivision and therefore validate the predictability procedure of landslide vulnerability zonation. The accuracy performance of the landslide vulnerability zonation model has further been verified by the occurrence dataset of landslide events through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis where area under curve evaluation showed 81.77 % correctness. 相似文献
3.
Andreas Günther Paola Reichenbach Jean-Philippe Malet Miet Van Den Eeckhaut Javier Hervás Claire Dashwood Fausto Guzzetti 《Landslides》2013,10(5):529-546
In the framework of the European Soil Thematic Strategy and the associated proposal of a Framework Directive on the protection and sustainable use of soil, landslides were recognised as a soil threat requiring specific strategies for priority area identification, spatial hazard assessment and management. This contribution outlines the general specifications for nested, Tier-based geographical landslide zonings at small spatial scales to identify priority areas susceptible to landslides (Tier 1) and to perform quantitative susceptibility evaluations within these (Tier 2). A heuristic, synoptic-scale Tier 1 assessment exploiting a reduced set of geoenvironmental factors derived from common pan-European data sources is proposed for the European Union and adjacent countries. Evaluation of the susceptibility estimate with national-level landslide inventory data suggests that a zonation of Europe according to, e.g. morphology and climate, and performing separate susceptibility assessments per zone could give more reliable results. To improve the Tier 1 assessment, a geomorphological terrain zoning and landslide typology differentiation are then applied for France. A multivariate landslide susceptibility assessment using additional information on landslide conditioning and triggering factors, together with a historical catalogue of landslides, is proposed for Tier 2 analysis. An approach is tested for priority areas in Italy using small administrative mapping units, allowing for relating socioeconomic census data with landslide susceptibility, which is mandatory for decision making regarding the adoption of landslide prevention and mitigation measures. The paper concludes with recommendations on further work to harmonise European landslide susceptibility assessments in the context of the European Soil Thematic Strategy. 相似文献
4.
A review of assessing landslide frequency for hazard zoning purposes 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
The probability of occurrence is one of the key components of the risk equation. To assess this probability in landslide risk analysis, two different approaches have been traditionally used. In the first one, the occurrence of landslides is obtained by computing the probability of failure of a slope (or the reactivation of existing landslides). In the second one, which is the objective of this paper, the probability is obtained by means of the statistical analysis of past landslide events, specifically by the assessment of the past landslide frequency. In its turn, the temporal frequency of landslides may be determined based on the occurrence of landslides or from the recurrence of the landslide triggering events over a regional extent. Hazard assessment using frequency of landslides, which may be taken either individually or collectively, requires complete records of landslide events, which is difficult in some areas. Its main advantage is that it may be easily implemented for zoning. Frequency assessed from the recurrence of landslide triggers, does not require landslide series but it is necessary to establish reliable relations between the trigger, its magnitude and the occurrence of the landslides. The frequency of the landslide triggers can be directly used for landslide zoning. However, because it does not provide information on the spatial distribution of the potential landslides, it has to be combined with landslide susceptibility (spatial probability analysis) to perform landslide hazard zoning. Both the scale of work and availability of data affect the results of the landslide frequency and restrict the spatial resolution of frequency zoning as well. Magnitude–frequency relationships are fundamental elements for the quantitative assessment of both hazard and risk. 相似文献
5.
Saibal Ghosh Cees J. van Westen Emmanuel John M. Carranza Victor G. Jetten 《Landslides》2012,9(3):371-384
Landslide risk assessment is based on spatially integrating landslide hazard with exposed elements-at-risk to determine their vulnerability and to express the expected direct and indirect losses. There are three components that are relevant for expressing landslide hazard: spatial, temporal, and magnitude probabilities. At a medium-scale analysis, this is often done by first deriving a landslide susceptibility map, and to determine the three types of probabilities on the basis of landslide inventories linked to particular triggering events. The determination of spatial, temporal, and magnitude probabilities depend mainly on the availability of sufficiently complete historical records of past landslides, which in general are rare in most countries (e.g., India, etc.). In this paper, we presented an approach to use available historical information on landslide inventories for landslide hazard and risk analysis on a medium scale (1:25,000) in a perennially typical data-scarce environment in Darjeeling Himalayas (India). We demonstrate how the incompleteness in the resulting landslide database influences the various components in the calculation of specific risk of elements-at-risk (e.g., buildings, population, roads, etc.). We incorporate the uncertainties involved in the risk estimation and illustrate the range of expected losses in the form of maximum and minimum loss curves. The study demonstrates that even in data-scarce environments, quantitative landslide risk assessment is a viable option, as long as the uncertainties involved are expressed. 相似文献
6.
Landslide risk assessment is often a difficult task due to the lack of temporal data on landslides and triggering events (frequency), run-out distance, landslide magnitude and vulnerability. The probability of occurrence of landslides is often very difficult to predict, as well as the expected magnitude of events, due to the limited data availability on past landslide activity. In this paper, a qualitative procedure for assessing the exposure of elements at risk is presented for an area of the Apulia region (Italy) where no temporal information on landslide occurrence is available. Given these limitations in data availability, it was not possible to produce a reliable landslide hazard map and, consequently, a risk map. The qualitative analysis was carried out using the spatial multi-criteria evaluation method in a global information system. A landslide susceptibility composite index map and four asset index maps (physical, social, economic and environmental) were generated separately through a hierarchical procedure of standardising and weighting. The four asset index maps were combined in order to obtain a qualitative weighted assets map, which, combined with the landslide susceptibility composite index map, has provided the final qualitative landslide exposure map. The resulting map represents the spatial distribution of the exposure level in the study area; this information could be used in a preliminary stage of regional planning. In order to demonstrate how such an exposure map could be used in a basic risk assessment, a quantification of the economic losses at municipal level was carried out, and the temporal probability of landslides was estimated, on the basis of the expert knowledge. Although the proposed methodology for the exposure assessment did not consider the landslide run-out and vulnerability quantification, the results obtained allow to rank the municipalities in terms of increasing exposure and risk level and, consequently, to identify the priorities for designing appropriate landslide risk mitigation plans. 相似文献
7.
Landslides constitute one of the most important natural hazards in Italy as they are widespread and result in considerable damage and fatalities every year. The Italian Landslide Inventory (IFFI) Project was launched in 1999 with the aim of identifying and mapping landslides over the entire Italian territory. The inventory currently holds over 480,000 landslides and has been available by means of Web services since 2005. The aim of this study is to define quality indices for evaluation of the homogeneity and completeness of the IFFI database. In order to estimate the completeness of the landslide attribute information, a heuristic approach has been used to assign weighting values to significant parameters selected from the landslide data sheet. The completeness and homogeneity of the landslide mapping has been evaluated by means of three different methods: an area-frequency distribution analysis; the proximity of the landslides surveyed to urban areas; variation of the landslide index within the same lithology. The quality indices have allowed identification of areas with a high level of completeness and critical areas in which the data collected have been underestimated or are not very accurate. The quality assessment of collected and stored data is essential in order to use the IFFI database for definition and implementation of landslide susceptibility models and for land use planning and management. 相似文献
8.
《Engineering Geology》2007,89(1-2):67-87
Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data were used to visually map landslides, headscarps, and denuded slopes in Seattle, Washington. Four times more landslides were mapped than by previous efforts that used aerial photographs. The mapped landforms (landslides, headscarps, and denuded slopes) were created by many individual landslides. The spatial distribution of mapped landforms and 1308 historical landslides show that historical landslide activity has been concentrated on the mapped landforms, and that most of the landslide activity that created the landforms was prehistoric. Thus, the spatial densities of historical landslides on the landforms provide approximations of the landforms' relative susceptibilities to future landsliding. Historical landslide characteristics appear to be closely related to landform type so relative susceptibilities were determined for landslides with various characteristics. No strong relations were identified between stratigraphy and landslide occurrence; however, landslide characteristics and slope morphology appear to be related to stratigraphic conditions.Human activity is responsible for causing about 80% of historical Seattle landslides. The distribution of mapped landforms and human-caused landslides suggests the probable characteristics of future human-caused landslides on each of the landforms. The distribution of mapped landforms and historical landslides suggests that erosion of slope-toes by surface water has been a necessary condition for causing Seattle landslides. Human activity has largely arrested this erosion, which implies that landslide activity will decrease with time as hillsides naturally stabilize. However, evaluation of glacial-age analogs of areas of recent slope-toe erosion suggests that landslide activity in Seattle will continue for the foreseeable future. 相似文献
9.
王涛等基于简化Newmark位移模型的区域地震滑坡危险性快速评估以汶川MS8.0级地震为例一文的地震滑坡危险性快速评价结果与2008年汶川地震触发实际滑坡空间分布的相关性较低。本文试图通过对该文中基础数据、分析处理过程、研究结果的分析与讨论,找出这种相关性较低的原因。结果表明值得针对王涛等文章中的Arias烈度分布数据的准确性、工程地质岩组的划分情况、汶川地震滑坡危险性评价结果的客观性共三个方面开展更深入的分析与研究。本文对探索与发掘更客观的地震滑坡危险性评价模型起到了积极的作用。 相似文献
10.
A digital landslide database has been created for Sichuan province, where a magnitude 8.0 earthquake at 2:28 p.m. on May 12, 2008, to provide the authorities and scientific communities with a tool for landslide risk assessment, emergency management, land-use planning, development of early warning system and enhancement of public awareness of natural hazards. Landslide data have been obtained from a variety of sources including technical reports and landslide inventory maps, and most of which were based on fieldwork and interpretation of aerial photographs. This paper presents the sources of landslide information, database design and the webGIS-based information management system. The database currently contains spatial information for about 9,000 landslides that were mostly triggered by the earthquake. Slide is the most common type of landslide in the database, but other types including rockfall and debris flow have also been identified. The website is an online GIS, providing access to comprehensive landslide information via the Internet. The development of the website allowed us to define the state of knowledge on landslide processes in Sichuan and to provide a preliminary identification of areas affected by landslides. 相似文献
11.
Landslides in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy): strategies for hazard assessment and risk management 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
In Emilia-Romagna, over 32,000 landslide bodies cover one-fifth of the hilly and mountainous territory. The majority of them
originated as earth-flows after the last glacial maximum and grew during the rainiest periods of the Holocene through the
superimposition of new earth-flows. Reactivation of these large landslides is the main problem the geologists of Emilia-Romagna
are facing now. Intense and/or prolonged precipitation play a major role as triggering factors in reactivating landslide bodies,
but also the importance of snowmelt is suggested by the monthly distribution of landslide events. Almost all the present-day
landslide activity is due to the reactivation of pre-existing landslide bodies. Consequently, territorial planning and geo-thematic
cartography are fundamental tools for the reduction of risk. The Emilia-Romagna geo-thematic cartography (1:10,000) is legally
binding and regulates land use in regional, municipal and basin plans. 相似文献
12.
全新世以来青藏高原东部巴塘断裂带活动强烈,地形地貌和地质构造复杂,历史地震频发,并诱发大量滑坡灾害。基于巴塘断裂带地震滑坡长期防控的需要,在分析区域地质灾害成灾背景和发育分布特征的基础上,采用Newmark模型完成了巴塘断裂带50年超越概率10%的潜在地震滑坡危险性预测评价,并完成地震滑坡危险性区划。结果表明:巴塘断裂带及其临近的金沙江断裂带区域、金沙江及其支流沿岸具有较高的潜在地震滑坡危险性,地震滑坡危险区具有沿断裂带和大江大河等峡谷区分布的总体趋势,受活动断裂和地形地貌影响显著;距离断层越近、坡度越大的斜坡,地震滑坡危险性越高;规划建设中的川藏铁路经巴塘县德达乡、白玉县沙马乡,向西北延伸,跨越金沙江,可以穿越较少的地震滑坡危险区,金沙江水电工程规划建设需加强潜在地震滑坡危害研判及防控。巴塘断裂带潜在地震滑坡危险性评价结果可为区域城镇开发和重大工程规划建设的地震滑坡长期防控提供科学参考。 相似文献
13.
GIS支持下CF与Logistic回归模型耦合的九寨沟景区滑坡易发性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2017年8月8日九寨沟MS7.0地震诱发了数以千计的崩滑体,产生的大量松散固体碎屑在降雨作用下极易启动转化为新的滑坡或泥石流形成次生灾害,因此对九寨沟景区进行滑坡易发性评价尤为必要。基于震前、震后高精度遥感影像对比分析结合现场调查,共获取1047处滑坡,总面积为3.88 km2。在分析滑坡发育分布与影响因素关系的基础上,本文选取了构造因子、地形因子、地质因子及其他因子等9个指标,采用确定性系数(CF)模型、逻辑回归(Logistic)模型以及两种模型耦合分析进行滑坡易发性评价。研究结果表明,坡度、坡向、高程和地层岩性是影响滑坡分布的主要因子;研究区被划分为低易发区(60.72%)、中度易发区(24.18%)、高易发区(9.89%)和极高易发区(5.21%),高-极高易发区基本沿沟谷分布,面积为99 km2,其中熊猫海、老虎海周边均为滑坡极高易发区;采用耦合模型比单一模型评价结果更加合理,其结果可作为景区滑坡防治和分段分时开放的参考依据。 相似文献
14.
A digital landslide database has been created for Nicaragua to provide the scientific community and national authorities with
a tool for landslide-hazard assessment, emergency management, land-use planning, development of early warning systems, and
the implementation of public and private policies. The Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaraguan Geosciences
Institute, INETER) began to compile the database in a digital format in 2003 as part of a comprehensive geographical information
system for all types of geohazards. Landslide data have been obtained from a variety of sources including newspapers, technical
reports, and landslide inventory maps. Inventory maps are largely based on fieldwork and aerial-photo analyses conducted by
foreign development agencies in collaboration with INETER and other Nicaraguan institutions. This paper presents the sources
of landslide information, introduces the database, and presents the first analyses of the data at national and regional scales.
The database currently contains spatial information for about 17,000 landslides that occurred in mountainous and volcanic
terrains. Information is mainly recorded for the period 1826–2003, with a large number of events that occurred during the
disastrous Hurricane Mitch in October 1998. The oldest historical event is dated at 1570, some events are recorded as prehistorical,
and other events have unknown dates of occurrence. Debris flows have been the most common types of landslides, both in volcanic
and nonvolcanic areas, but other types, including rockfalls and slides, have also been identified. Intense and prolonged rainfall,
often associated with tropical cyclones, and seismic and volcanic activity represent the most important landslide triggers.
At a regional scale, the influence of topographic (elevation, slope angle, slope aspect) and lithologic parameters on the
occurrence of landslides was analyzed. The development of the database allowed us to define the state of knowledge on landslide
processes in the Nicaragua and to provide a preliminary identification of areas affected by landslides. 相似文献
15.
基于简化 Newmark位移模型的区域地震滑坡危险性快速评估以汶川MS 8.0级地震为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以汶川MS8.0级地震重灾区的11县市为例,初步提出了基于简化Newmark位移模型的地震滑坡危险性应急快速评估方法。利用汶川地震即时地震动参数、工程地质岩性经验分组及地形坡度数据,借助ArcGIS空间数据建模工具编制了地震滑坡危险性快速评估流程模块。计算了区域浅表层饱和岩土体斜坡的静态安全系数Fs、临界加速度ac,并借此分析了地震滑坡易发性。利用经验式获得了汶川地震Arias强度和区域滑坡位移DN分布,实现了汶川地震重灾区地震滑坡危险性的快速评估,为应急救灾决策提供了参考。通过对比评估结果和震后滑坡调查成果,可知数十处灾难性滑坡绝大部分位于-高危险区的龙门山主中央断裂带两侧约20km地带中,显示了评估方法的可靠性; 同时,分析指出了空间数据精度及更新不足导致局部评估结果欠佳的局限性,并提出了改进建议。 相似文献
16.
Application and verification of a fractal approach to landslide susceptibility mapping 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Landslide susceptibility mapping is essential for land-use activities and management decision making in hilly or mountainous
regions. The existing approaches to landslide susceptibility zoning and mapping require many different types of data. In this
study, we propose a fractal method to map landslide susceptibility using historical landslide inventories only. The spatial
distribution of landslides is generally not uniform, but instead clustered at many different scales. In the method, we measure
the degree of spatial clustering of existing landslides in a region using a box-counting method and apply the derived fractal
clustering relation to produce a landslide susceptibility map by means of GIS-supported spatial analysis. The method is illustrated
by two examples at different regional scales using the landslides inventory data from Zhejiang Province, China, where the
landslides are mainly triggered by rainfall. In the illustrative examples, the landslides from the inventory are divided into
two time periods: The landslides in the first period are used to produce a landslide susceptibility map, and those in the
late period are taken as validation samples for examining the predictive capability of the landslide susceptibility maps.
These examples demonstrate that the landslide susceptibility map created by the proposed technique is reliable. 相似文献
17.
Bian Shiqiang Chen Guan Zeng Runqiang Meng Xingmin Jin Jiacheng Lin Linxin Zhang Yi Shi Wei 《Landslides》2022,19(5):1179-1197
The Heifangtai terrace, in Northwest China, is a typical area where loess landslides have been induced by agricultural irrigation, and many of the landslides are prone to reactivation. However, the spatiotemporal evolution and hydrological-triggering mechanisms of loess landslide reactivation are not well understood. In this research, multiple remote sensing (SBAS-InSAR, TLS, and optical remote sensing), integrated with time-lapse ERT (tl-ERT) imaging, was used to monitor the post-failure evolution of the Luojiapo landslide in Heifangtai during the period of May 2015 to Nov. 2020. Pronounced temporal and spatial differences in the deformation and hydrological evolution of landslides after sliding were observed. The largest displacement rates occurred in the landslide source area, and the lateral extension of the landslide source area caused by spatial differences in reactivation is an important feature of landslide evolution. In the landslide area, the groundwater table (GWT) decreased at first ascribed to the spring hole caused by the exposure of the GWT after sliding and then increased due to the subsequent continuous irrigation, and the lag time of the GWT response to irrigation decreased significantly. Spatial differences in GWT evolution are one of the main causes of spatial differences in landslide reactivation, and reactivation was more likely to occur where the GWT fluctuated at a high level. The GWT also fell with local reactivation. Our findings highlight the potential for obtaining internal and external spatiotemporal information of loess landslide evolution using multiple remote sensing integrated with tl-ERT. Our results also help to understand the reactivation process of irrigated loess landslides and provide a reference for the monitoring and early warning of such landslides.
相似文献18.
在快速城镇化背景下,人类活动已成为影响滑坡分布的重要因素。文章以重庆武隆区为例,基于1991—2015年330处历史滑坡数据,运用重力模型和标准差椭圆模型,揭示了武隆区滑坡灾害的时空演变格局;利用地理探测器分析了2001—2005、2006—2010和2011—2015三个时段滑坡分布的驱动因子,解释了滑坡驱动因子演变的机制。结果表明:（1）在时间分布上,武隆滑坡累计曲线呈现出“缓-陡-缓”的特征,2008年之前,滑坡发生速率随降雨量的增加而增长,而后在降雨量保持稳定的情况下,滑坡发生速率明显减缓;（2）在空间分布上,武隆滑坡集聚于西、中、东3个高发区,呈现出由西北—东南方向转向东北—西南方向的变化过程,并表现出方向性减弱和离散化的趋势;（3）在驱动因子上,降雨、地质因子和地形地貌等因子的解释力呈下降趋势,而人类活动因子的解释力不断增强,已逐渐成为影响滑坡分布的关键影响因素之一。研究成果可为三峡库区滑坡灾害防灾减灾工作部署提供依据。 相似文献
19.
GIS-based statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of earthquake-induced landslides in the island of Lefkada, Ionian Islands, Greece 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
George Papathanassiou Sotiris Valkaniotis Athanassios Ganas Spyros Pavlides 《Landslides》2013,10(6):771-783
This is the first landslide inventory map in the island of Lefkada integrating satellite imagery and reports from field surveys. In particular, satellite imagery acquired before and after the 2003 earthquake were collected and interpreted with the results of the field survey that took place 1 week after this strong (Mw?=?6.3) event. The developed inventory map indicates that the density of landslides decreases from west to east. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of landslides was statistically analyzed in relation to the geology and topography for investigating their influence to landsliding. This was accomplished by overlaying these causal factors as thematic layers with landslide distribution data. Afterwards, weight values of each factor were calculated using the landslide index method and a landslide susceptibility map was developed. The susceptibility map indicates that the highest susceptibility class accounts for 38 % of the total landslide activity, while the three highest classes that cover the 10 % of the surface area, accounting for almost the 85 % of the active landslides. Our model was validated by applying the approaches of success and prediction rate to the dataset of landslides that was previously divided into two groups based on temporal criteria, estimation and validation group. The outcome of the validation dataset was that the highest susceptibility class concentrates 18 % of the total landslide activity. However, taking into account the frequency of landslides within the three highest susceptibility classes, more than 85 %, the model is characterized as reliable for a regional assessment of earthquake-induced landslides hazard. 相似文献
20.
Investigations and assessment of the landslide hazards of Fengdu county in the reservoir region of the Three Gorges project on the Yangtze River 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
The spatial database of landslides in Fengdu County of the reservoir region of the Three Gorges project (TGP) on the Yangtze River was compiled from a variety of different sources including field investigations on landslides, existing catalogues and archives on landslides, reports of meteorological events and human engineering activities that triggered slope failures. The major factors that are found to have affected the slope stabilities are outlined, and an assessment and zonation of landslide hazards of the region is made using an integrated information model, which is divided into destructive, disastrous, likely disastrous and essentially non-disastrous areas from the assessment of landslide hazards. The destructive and disastrous areas are respectively 1.9 and 13.8% of the total region, mostly being nearby townships, highways along the south bank of the Yangtze River and residential quarters along two flanks of the Yangtze River and its distributaries, that will impose direct impact to highway transportation and residential lives, and may effect to some degree the navigation of the Yangtze River, reservoir banks, and building of cities and towns. 相似文献