共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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This paper proposes a new method using centroid sliding pyramid (CSP) to identify the removability and stability of fractured hard rock in tunnel and slope engineering. The new method features two geometrical and topological improvements over the original key block method (KBM). Firstly, all the concave corners are considered as starting points of cutting process when a concave block is divided into a set of convex blocks in the original KBM. Only the concave corners formed by two joint planes are used for partitioning a concave block in the presented method and concave corners with free planes are excluded. Secondly, joint pyramid for removability computation in the original KBM is generated using all of the joint planes, while CSP is calculated only from the joint planes adjoining the free planes. The cone angle θ of CSP is the vectorial angle formed by the two candidate sliding surfaces of this CSP. Removability analysis of a block is transformed into calculating the cone angle of CSP. The geometrical relationship is simplified, and data size for removability computation is reduced compared with the original KBM. The provided method is implemented in a computer program and validated by examples of fractured rock slopes and tunnels. 相似文献
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坡面形态对边坡动力变形破坏影响的模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用自主制作的单向振动试验台,对不同坡面形态土质边坡进行了失稳破坏过程的模型试验研究。试验设计了凹面坡、凸面坡和凹凸面组合型3类边坡共8个模型,通过单向振动试验台施加初始位移,触发模型边坡失稳破坏,利用摄像机对模型边坡破坏过程进行跟踪记录,并对变形破坏特征进行分析。试验表明：凹面坡主要由坡面上形成的横向裂隙带动整个坡体发生破坏,而凸面坡则是由于坡顶上形成的横向裂隙带动整个坡体发生变形破坏,凹凸面组合型边坡的破坏则是受坡面凸起部位所控制;进一步研究发现,凹凸程度越强的边坡越容易发生变形破坏,其变形破坏的程度越大。研究成果有助于了解不同形态坡面边坡的破坏特征,为工程边坡设计提供借鉴意义。 相似文献
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This paper describes a new method for representing concave polyhedral particles in a discrete element method as unions of convex dilated polyhedra. This method offers an efficient way to simulate systems with a large number of (generally concave) polyhedral particles. The method also allows spheres, capsules, and dilated triangles to be combined with polyhedra using the same approach. The computational efficiency of the method is tested in two different simulation setups using different efficiency metrics for seven particle types: spheres, clusters of three spheres, clusters of four spheres, tetrahedra, cubes, unions of two octahedra (concave), and a model of a computer tomography scan of a lunar simulant GRC‐3 particle. It is shown that the computational efficiency of the simulations degrades much slower than the increase in complexity of the particles in the system. The efficiency of the method is based on the time coherence of the system, and an efficient and robust distance computation method between polyhedra as particles never intersect for dilated particles. © 2014 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
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中国科学院国家天文台500米口径球面射电望远镜（Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope, FAST）台址位于岩溶洼地内,开挖完成后的洼地边坡外形接近球冠型边坡,属于轴对称圆形凹坡,坡体由胶结的土石混合体和石灰岩组成,局部稳定性良好,整体稳定性有待评价。目前边坡整体稳定性评价通常采用基于平面应变假定的极限平衡法,由于未考虑边坡外形,该方法用于轴对称圆形凹坡稳定性的评价结果有偏差。为消除上述偏差,将轴对称圆形凹坡滑体划分为多个环形条块,考虑环形条块轴力的抗滑作用,提出了针对轴对称圆形凹坡的极限平衡法改进方法;并采用数值分析方法对改进后的简化Bishop法进行验证,结果表明改进后的简化Bishop法安全系数计算结果较未改进方法略有提高,与数值分析法结果基本一致。同时给出轴对称圆形凸坡的安全系数计算公式,计算结果表明圆形凸坡稳定性与直线形边坡较为接近。上述两种计算方法为类似外形的边坡稳定性评价提供了新的途径。 相似文献
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伸展方式对伸展构造形成特征影响的相似模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
周建勋 《大地构造与成矿学》2000,24(1):70-74
本文分析了三种不同基底伸展方式、具有膝状边界形态的砂箱实验模型 ,结果表明基底伸展方式的不同可以导致伸展盆地平面变形面貌和剖面构造样式上的显著差异。伸展方式对于凹形边界和凸形边界具有不同的影响。凹侧主动伸展模型在凹形边界附近形成平行边界复合方向的断层 ,在凸形边界附近则形成平行边界走向的断层。凸侧主动伸展则趋于在两侧边界附近形成近于垂直伸展方向的断层。由此可见 ,可能借助伸展盆地的断层平面变形面貌判别主动分离块体。 相似文献
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The paper provides a new stereo‐analytical method, which is a combination of the stereographic method and analytical methods, to separate finite removable blocks from the infinite and tapered blocks in discontinuous rock masses. The methodology has applicability to both convex and concave blocks. Application of the methodology is illustrated through examples. Addition of this method to the existing block theory procedures available in the literature improves the capability of block theory in solving practical problems in rock engineering. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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弯曲河流的河道冲淤变化在长时间尺度处于动态的平衡状况,其泥沙输移部分来自于凹岸冲刷与凸岸淤积的差值。2018年采用无人机航测获取黄河源典型弯曲河流(麦曲、哈曲、格曲和兰木错曲)连续弯道的低空影像数据,通过图像技术处理后生成高精度地形,进而提取单个弯道和连续弯道的断面地形,计算弯道凸、凹两侧断面面积和相邻断面间的差值。结果表明,凹岸侵蚀崩岸产生的泥沙量与凸岸点边滩淤积的泥沙量是不平衡的,即存在一个泥沙亏损量。对于单个弯道,兰木错曲单位河长的泥沙亏损量约为0.191 m^3,麦曲、哈曲和格曲单位河长的泥沙亏损量约为0.045 m^3,且相同河段的沿程亏损量具有不均匀性,其间接反映不同弯道横向的迁移速率具有差异性。 相似文献
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采用大地电磁测深和土壤氡气测量两种方法,圈定了冀中坳陷北部四级构造单元(大兴凸起、大厂凹陷、廊固凹陷、武清凹陷和杨村斜坡)的分布范围;查明了凹陷内部的五级构造潜山带(凤河营带、河西务带);厘清了控制坳陷内部凹凸结构的四级断裂,分别是大兴断裂、桐柏断裂、河西务断裂和宝坻断裂;控制凹陷内部构造潜山带的凤河营 西集断裂和杨税务断裂。根据冀中坳陷碳酸盐岩热储埋深大的特征和热源形成机制,确定热储探测采用“坳中找凸”和“凹中找潜山”的原则,同时需满足“源、通、储、盖”四个方面,结合大地电磁测深和土壤氡气测量综合成果,认为凤河营潜山带是钻探有利靶区,并有钻孔印证。另外,研究发现大地电磁测深和土壤氡气测量两种方法在反映深大断裂方面基本一致,起到相互印证的作用;大地电磁测深方法对高阻碳酸盐岩热储解释准确,基于一维反演作为初始模型的二维反演方法更适合冀中坳陷的凹凸相间构造格局的解释。 相似文献
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A novel modeling method is presented for indexing and normalizing natural gas endowments of petroleum provinces. The approach
is demonstrated with data from Canada, the Unites States, and Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. A variable shape
distribution model (VSD) is used to fit the conventional natural gas endowment published by the United States Geological Survey
(USGS) for 29 provinces in LAC countries and 85 provinces in Canada and the United States. These data are indexed and normalized
to generate curves showing number of provinces versus normalized endowments. Results are compared with normalized endowments
from provinces in other regions around the world, including Europe, Asia Pacific, the Middle East, North Africa, and the former
Soviet Union (FSU). The comparison gives the method predictive power for estimating the natural gas endowment, particularly
in LAC provinces that at present have little exploration activity. Of particular importance is the fact that all the curves
of the various regions display a generally concave pattern throughout. The exception is the LAC curve, which displays the
shape of an inverted S and has a distinct convex pattern at the largest gas endowment volumes. This comparison suggests there
is potentially a large volume of natural gas in the region that has not been considered in previous studies. 相似文献
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黏土颗粒形态不仅反映黏土的矿物组分,更是影响其物理力学性质的重要因素之一。为了研究物质组成对软黏土微宏观性质的影响,采用离散元方法对不同颗粒形态的软黏土试样进行三轴压缩模拟试验。首先,基于扫描电镜图像量化颗粒形态,对天然状态下黏土颗粒的方向角和凹凸度进行统计,引入球度和凹凸度作为颗粒形态的特征参数;然后,基于原生矿物的单粒结构和黏土矿物的片状结构特征,构造球体单粒及圆柱体、正方体、长方体的片状簇体;最后,基于三轴试验离散元模拟方法,分析软黏土颗粒形态对其宏观力学及微观特性的影响。结果表明:片状颗粒试样比球体颗粒试样的初始模量高,抗剪强度大,随加载其排列趋于水平向分布;加载初期,颗粒球度对初始弹性模量影响较明显,初始弹性模量随着球度增大而逐渐减小;加载后期,颗粒凹凸度对抗剪强度指标影响作用逐渐凸显,试样内摩擦角和黏聚力随着凹凸度增大而逐渐减小;微观结构上,颗粒形状对颗粒位移和旋转也有较大影响。 相似文献
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研究了山坡地形曲率的空间分布特征,发现流域略呈现出微凹、发散的形状特征,平均的剖面和水平曲率分别为-4.62×10-4和3.49×10-4。通过划分源头型和边坡型山坡,发现源头山坡多是收敛的,边坡型山坡则多为发散的;在山坡内部收敛、发散、凹和凸等地形地貌类型是同时存在的,即山坡一般由相互组合的各种坡型所组成。基于野外采样观测的成果,分析了和睦桥子流域90个采样点的土壤含水量及其对应曲率的相互关系。结果显示:一般来说,凹形山坡、收敛形山坡对应的土壤含水量更高,而凸形和发散形山坡对应的土壤含水量较低;不论是收敛的凹坡,还是发散的凸坡,其采样点土壤含水量都有随高程下降而升高的趋势,即愈靠近沟谷土壤含水量愈大。 相似文献
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A. García-Quintana J. F. Martín-Duque J. A. González-Martín J. F. García-Hidalgo J. Pedraza P. Herranz R. Rincón H. Estévez 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(6):782-794
Methods commonly used in regional geological analysis were employed to study the visual landscapes of the Sigüenza–Molina de Aragón area (Spain). Landscape data were compiled to produce a landscape map and a photograph catalogue. Lithological composition, tectonic structure and recent erosive processes are the main factors controlling the visual landscapes. Territorial properties, such as colours and agricultural capacities, are controlled by these geological characteristics. The landscape map and the photographic catalogue is the main contribution of this paper. The first level of landscape classification distinguishes zones with dominance of either flat, concave or convex areas. Other parts of the territory are, however, composed of concave and convex combinations that originate hybrid orographic structures. In a second level of classification, several subdivisions for each of these types are established. 相似文献
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The deformation of the oceanic lithosphere subducting at the junction of two trenches is studied by means of a three-dimensional finite-element analysis. Results show that the existence of a junction (i.e. a change in trend of the trench axis) yields a specific shape of the outer topographic rise. In a convex junction area—such as the Japan and Kuril trenches, the topographic bulge presents a “dome”, whereas in a concave junction area—such as the Java and Sumatra trenches, this bulge is less pronounced. These theoretical results are confirmed by the bathymetry seaward of the junctions of the Japan and Kuril trenches and of the Peru-Chile trench. Moreover, the existence of the abnormal topographic dome in front of a convex junction contributes to the creation of normal faults which help the subduction of seamounts or of other bathymetric features in such areas. 相似文献
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关键块体理论在评价工程裂隙岩体稳定性中得到了广泛应用。然而,一方面岩体中节理数量众多,关键块体的搜索将耗费较多机时;另一方面,极少数偶然出现的块体识别也会极大地增加计算量。因此,开发有针对性和灵活的关键块体搜索方法就非常重要。首先将研究区域分解成凸子区域,找出自由面上的闭合环路,然后利用环路的组成节理以及与其相交节理进行空间无限切割来识别该环路是否对应关键块体。该方法针对性强,能较好地适应人为规定的判别条件,如搜索楔形体以及后缘切割限定等,并能顺利实现凹面体的关键块体搜索,且编程实现简单。以某挂帮矿的顶柱为实例进行关键块体的搜索,验证了上述方法的可行性。 相似文献
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裂隙岩体一般块体理论初步 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文在前人工作的基础上提出了一种通用方法解决任意大小裂隙、任意形状工程岩体的岩石块体识别及稳定性计算问题。在这一方法中裂隙既可以是实测裂隙也可以是通过随机模拟方法生成的随机裂隙,工程岩体可以是任意由多面体组合成的形状,如复杂边坡或地下洞室,而且岩体和裂隙面可以是非均质的。这一通用过程被称为一般块体理论。它克服了关键块体理论(或楔形体法)中存在的弱点:即把裂隙假设为无限大的不连续面,因此无法预测岩石块体的数量和位置,而且一般只能识别出简单形状的凸形体。它在块体识别的同时将复杂的块体分解为几个简单的凸形块体,从而使复杂块体的几何描述、体积及重力计算、力学分析、可视化表示等一系列问题大大简化。在对一公路边坡的裂隙进行了详细观测之后,利用本文的方法进行了块体识别和稳定性分析,对本文的研究进行初步的验证。 相似文献
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岩体的块体结构和结构面网络模型生成,是进行各种力学分析和场分析的基础。详细研究了有限结构面进行复杂块体切割的过程,提出了相应的算法,并采用C++语言编写了相应的程序。为描述块体切割后的复连通特性,在块体数据结构中添加了有向壳的概念。结构面可以为简单的凸多边形,也可采用形态更加复杂的凹多边形。通过面-面求交线、交线环路搜索形成有向环、有向环包含关系分析形成有向面、有向面拓扑搜索形成有向壳和有向壳包含关系分析形成块体等过程,将有限结构面分别与各块体进行切割运算,形成进行块体切割的一般方法。在切割过程中将得到的有向环,有向面、有向壳和块体分别进行拓扑有效性校核,满足要求后得到最终的块体和结构面网络模型。选取4个算例来验证该方法的可行性。计算结果表明,该方法可以对复杂块体进行有效地切割,结构面可以选择包括凹形面在内的复杂多边形,方法具有普遍意义。 相似文献
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贵州修文县干坝铝土矿区位于黔中铝土矿带,其矿体形态呈似层状,赋存于下石炭统九架炉组(C1jj)中,铝土矿体的规模与铝土矿岩系的厚度成正比,含矿岩系厚度大,则矿体规模大.而含矿岩系的厚度则受古喀斯特侵蚀面起伏状态控制,低洼处厚度大,凸起处厚度薄.该矿床类型属沉积型铝土矿矿床. 相似文献
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The core problem of block theory is to determine the finiteness, removability and mechanical stability of various blocks under different engineering structures based on dip angles, dip direction angles of discontinuities, frictional angles and the direction of the active resultant force. The practices of the classical block theory focus mainly on the convex blocks, assuming that joint surfaces and excavation faces are planar and extended infinitely in the rock mass. However, in practical engineering structures, the concave combinations of free planes (natural of excavated surfaces) are common. For example, the non-convex blocks usually exist in underground edges, corners and portals, and some of them are quite dangerous. In this paper, the characteristics of the non-convex blocks with complex combinations of free planes are analysed deeply based on the classical block theory. First, a non-convex block is seen as a combination of a series of convex blocks, then the criteria for finiteness and removability of the non-convex blocks are proposed, and finally, the identification algorithm is designed and validated by some cases. The results show that the method is effective and feasible and has important theoretical significance and practical value. 相似文献