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1.
强夯加排水地基处理方法是近年来发展的一种地基处理技术,在吹填土地基处理方面得到了广泛应用。根据强夯能量耗散分析与土体密实机制,基于冲击荷载作用下孔隙水压力的发展模式,建立了强夯加排水地基处理的数值分析模型,并采用有限差分法进行了求解。采用编写的数值程序分析了强夯过程中超孔隙水压力的发展与土体密实效果,以及土体渗透系数、单击时间间隔以及砂井间距等对加固效果的影响,讨论了“重锤少夯”和“轻锤多夯”的差异,并与工程实例进行了比较。研究结果表明,建立的数值模型可以模拟强夯加排水地基处理的施工过程,较好地反映强夯过程中孔隙水压力的发展变化规律和加固效果。排水措施的设置有利于超孔隙水压力消散和加固深部土体,进而提高土体加固效果和缩短工期。最后,根据数值分析结果,提出了强夯加排水地基处理的合理设计建议。 相似文献
2.
强夯荷载作用瞬间饱和土层固结变形计算 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
在已有强夯荷载作用下饱和土层内孔隙水压力分布理论研究成果的基础上,提出了一个预估强夯荷载作用瞬间由于孔隙水压力消散所引起的饱和土层固结变形量的计算方法;讨论了固结系数、卸荷固结比等土性参数对强夯冲击荷载作用下固结变形量大小的影响,进一步解释了强夯法加固饱和土层的机理。 相似文献
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The effects of initial soil fabric on behaviors of granular soils are investigated by using Distinct Element Method (DEM) numerical simulation. Soil specimens are represented by an assembly of non-uniform sized spheres with different initial contact normal distributions. Isotropically consolidated triaxial compression loading and extension unloading in both undrained and drained conditions are simulated for vertically- and horizontally-sheared specimens. The numerical simulation results are compared qualitatively with the published experimental data and the effects of initial soil fabric on resulting soil behaviors are discussed, including the effects of specimen reconstitution methods, effects of large preshearing, and anisotropic characteristics in undrained and drained conditions. The effects of initial soil fabric and mode of shearing on the quasi-steady state line are also investigated. The numerical simulation results can systematically explain that the observed experimental behaviors of granular soils are due principally to their conditions of the initial soil fabric. This outcome provides insights into the observed phenomena in microscopic view. 相似文献
5.
Application of Dynamic Compaction in Highway: A Case Study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The application case of dynamic compaction (DC) is realized in highway. In this paper, the in situ tests for evaluating effectiveness of DC are performed on a liquefiable soil and soft soil interbedding foundation encountered
in highway engineering practice. Excess pore pressure, total surface settlement and lateral deformation under DC impact are
measured and analysed. The cone penetration test (CPT) and spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW) are used for investigating
the compaction effectiveness. The formulation of the predicting improvement depth of the DC is presented according to the
pseudo-static mechanics method and is of obvious meaning of soil mechanics compared with Mendard’s formulation. The calculating
results of the formulation of improvement depth of the DC are agreement with the measuring results. The investigation results
indicate that the DC technique is an effective way for improving liquefiable soil and soft soil interbedding foundation in
highway engineering practice. 相似文献
6.
A simple incremental model describing the pre-failure behaviour of granular soils is presented. The model describes both the dry/fully drained and undrained response. It takes into account an initial anisotropy of soil and an initial state defined as either contractive or dilative. A physically sound definition of loading/unloading is assumed, which differs from elasto-plastic approaches. The model is based on extensive empirical data and gives predictions conformable with experimental results. It also describes pre-failure instabilities of granular soils, both dry/fully drained and undrained. The Hill’s criterion was used to examine stability. It was shown that this condition can be formulated either in terms of the effective stresses or by the total stresses. In the extreme cases of either dry/fully drained or undrained conditions, these alternative formulations are equivalent. This is not so in the case of partial drainage of pore water and associated volumetric deformations as well as pore pressure changes. The model describes the pre-failure instabilities well, and additionally allows for analytical derivation of the instability line. It was shown that the second order work, appearing in the Hill’s condition, is equivalent to the entropy source. 相似文献
7.
管桩挤土效应的现场试验和数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以PHC管桩加固某物流加工二期标准仓库、厂房项目为依托,进行了吹填土地区PHC管桩的挤土效应研究。利用预先埋设的孔压计和测斜计,借助沉桩过程的现场测试手段,研究了PHC管桩在沉桩过程中桩周孔压变化和土体位移分布特征,发现沉桩过程中超孔隙水压力随距桩心距离的增加而近似呈线性规律衰减,影响范围约为10倍桩径,土体水平位移不仅与地基土性质有关,而且其分布特征也与深度有很大关系,表现为0.2～0.4倍桩长处土体水平位移较大。采用数值模拟有效地模拟了现场测试结果,进而将结果推广,得到了沉桩引起的桩周土体位移随深度和距桩心距离的变化规律。数值模拟结果表明：桩-土界面摩擦特性和桩径对土体位移场的影响较大。 相似文献
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压力控制的圆孔扩张数值模拟分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
受沉积历史的影响,实际工程中土体的初始应力往往呈各向异性,此时传统圆孔扩张理论的假定条件不再成立,故其适用性也受到限制。借助于FLAC有限差分数值软件,建立了以压力为圆孔扩张边界的二维圆孔扩张模型,从圆孔的变形、孔周土屈服范围、圆孔扩张产生的超静孔水压力分布等方面进行分析,获得在初始应力各向异性的条件下压力控制圆孔扩张过程土体响应规律。计算分析结果表明,初始应力各向异性时,压力控制的圆孔扩张孔口径向位移、塑性区分布、超静孔隙水压力影响范围各个方向不相等;塑性区的分布具有明显的方向性,塑性区最大半径位于孔周土体初始大主应力方向上,并且其值比在相同的扩张压力作用下各向同性初始应力条件下的塑性区半径大,因此传统的初始等应力条件下位移控制的圆孔扩张理论用于分析各向异性初始应力的工程是偏于不安全的。 相似文献
10.
珊瑚土作为新兴的热带地区岛礁与港口工程的首选土工材料,宽级配是其结构组成的主要特征。由于相关工程面临较高的地震风险,珊瑚土的抗液化能力正逐渐引起重视。为探究含细粒珊瑚土的抗液化能力,以东太平洋某热带港口工程的实际珊瑚土场地为背景,通过大粒径循环三轴液化试验测试了设计相对密实度为0.4～0.8的3组代表性级配试样及剔除细粒的两组试样的饱和不排水动强度。试验结果表明：幂函数可以模拟含细粒珊瑚土的循环应力比与液化所需振次关系;细粒的存在与相对密实度的提高不会显著提高珊瑚土抗液化能力;珊瑚土液化过程的超静孔压发展模式与砂土相近,两参数或三参数的反正弦模型可以较好地模拟含细粒珊瑚土的液化超孔压发展过程。研究表明,含细粒珊瑚土仍然属于可液化土类。以背景工程为例,同类型工程在设计施工及使用阶段都需要考虑对地震液化灾害的设防,该研究为珊瑚土液化防治工作提供了技术支持。 相似文献
11.
This paper presents numerical simulations of Cone Penetration Test (CPT) in water-saturated soft soils taking into account pore pressure dissipation during installation. Besides modelling interaction between soil skeleton and pore fluid, the problem involves large soil deformations in the vicinity of the penetrometer, soil–structure interaction, and complex non-linear response of soil. This makes such simulations challenging. Depending on the soil’s permeability and compressibility, undrained, partially drained or drained conditions might occur. Partially drained conditions are commonly encountered in soils such as silts and sand–clay mixtures. However, this is often neglected in CPT interpretation, which may lead to inaccurate estimates of soil properties. This paper aims at improving the understanding of the penetration process in different drainage conditions through advanced numerical analyses. A two-phase Material Point Method is applied to simulate large soil deformations and generation and dissipation of excess pore pressures during penetration. The constitutive behaviour of soil is modelled with the Modified Cam Clay model. Numerical results are compared with experimental data showing good agreement. 相似文献
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在三轴条件下,对饱和土（砂土和黏土）进行排水与不排水条件下的冲击试验及冲击后再固结试验,对比研究了不同渗透性土在不同排水条件下的冲击动力响应和冲击后再固结性状。结果表明：饱和黏土不排水冲击时的孔隙水压力随冲击击数增加而升高并逐渐稳定,排水冲击时的孔隙水压力则是先达到峰值然后有所下降;砂土不排水冲击时的冲击能量对孔隙水压力影响最明显;饱和砂土不排水冲击时的轴向应变与冲击击数呈近似线性关系,饱和黏土冲击及饱和砂土排水冲击则呈近二次曲线关系;饱和砂土不排水冲击后再固结阶段的孔隙水压力立即消散为0,同时体变迅速增大到一定值;饱和黏土在冲击后再固结阶段的孔隙水压力在一定时间内逐渐消散完毕,同时体变逐渐增大;饱和黏土排水冲击时,冲击阶段产生的体变占冲击引起总体变的39%～49%,冲击后再固结阶段产生的体变占51%～61%;砂土和黏土的总体变均表现为排水冲击明显大于不排水冲击,改善冲击时的排水条件有利于提高加固效果。 相似文献
14.
为研究应变速率对原状膨胀土力学性状的影响,通过GDS三轴试验系统进行了不同速率和围压下的固结不排水三轴剪切试验,分析了应力−应变曲线、孔隙水压力、剪切强度以及破坏模式随应变速率的变化规律。结果表明：不同应变速率下,膨胀土应力−应变曲线均呈应变硬化型。随着应变速率的增加,不排水剪切强度单调递增,引入应变速率参数ρ0.9后发现,不排水强度增长率为14.3%～23.2%,平均值为18.4%。低围压下,应变速率对孔隙水压力影响较小,随着围压的增大,孔隙水压力的发展趋势由软化型转变为硬化型,孔隙水压力峰值随应变速率的增大而减小。原状膨胀土应变速率效应与其多裂隙性密切相关,破坏形式表现为小应变速率下主剪切带与次剪切带共存,大应变速率下仅有主剪切带,裂隙或多剪切带的出现强化了膨胀土强度的应变速率效应。 相似文献
15.
In dynamic geotechnical problems, soils are often subjected to a combination of sustained static and fast cyclic loading. Under such loading conditions, saturated and normally consolidated clays generally experience a build-up of excess pore water pressure along with a degradation of stiffness and strength. If the strength of the soil falls below the static stress demand, a self-driven failure is triggered. In this paper, a constitutive model is presented for the analysis of such problems, based on a general multisurface plasticity framework. The hardening behavior, the initial arrangement of the surfaces, and the nonassociated volumetric flow rule are defined to capture important aspects of cyclic clay behavior. This includes nonlinear hysteretic stress-strain behavior, the effect of anisotropic consolidation, and the generation of excess pore water pressure during undrained cyclic loading along with a degradation of stiffness and strength. The model requires nine independent parameters, which can be derived from standard laboratory tests. A customized experimental program has been performed to validate the model performance. The model predictions show a good agreement with test results from monotonic and cyclic undrained triaxial tests, in particular with respect to the strain-softening response and the number of loading cycles to failure. A procedure for a general stress-space implicit numerical implementation for undrained, total stress-based finite element analyses is presented, including the derivation of the consistent tangent operator. Finally, a simulation of the seismic response of a submarine slope is shown to illustrate a possible application of the presented model. 相似文献
16.
The undrained shear behaviour of sands has been a key topic after the devastating geo-disasters during the 1964 Niigata Earthquake
in Japan. Extensive geo-technical soil tests, especially undrained triaxial compression tests, have revealed that the liquefaction
phenomenon was the major cause for the disaster expansions. To numerically reproduce the liquefaction phenomenon, the pore-water
pressure was coupled with a distinct element method. In this model, the dynamic changes in pore-water pressure were taken
into consideration by the changes in volumetric strain and modulus of compressibility of water in the respective measurement
spheres. Fluid-flows among the measurement spheres were controlled by Darcy’s law. The effective stress paths and steady state
strengths in undrained triaxial compression tests associated with the wide ranges of initial void ratio were investigated.
The effective mean stresses of medium-dense to dense numerical specimens at the steady state were negatively proportional
to the initial void ratio. Loose numerical specimens reproduced quasi-liquefaction with the effective mean stresses that were
less than 25% of the initial value. The medium-dense numerical specimens reproduced the phase transformation that was a typical
characteristic of granular materials. The rolling restraints did not much influence of the effective angle of internal friction
but strongly affected pore-water pressure behaviour within a certain range of initial void ratio. 相似文献
17.
Tests on specimens of reconstituted illitic clay have examined the influence of temperature on the mechanical behaviour of clay soils. The program involved consolidation to effective confining pressures up to 1.5 MPa, heating to 100°C, and tests on normally consolidated and overconsolidated specimens with OCR = 2. The tests included isotropic consolidation, undrained triaxial compression with pore water pressure measurement, drained tests along controlled stress paths to investigate yielding behaviour, and undrained tests which involved heating and measurement of the resulting induced pore water pressures. The large strain strength envelope is independent of temperature. However, peak undrained strengths increase with temperature because smaller pore water pressures are generated during shearing. An important contribution from the study is a series of results for the yielding of illitic clay at three different temperatures. For the first time, there is clear evidence of yield loci decreasing in size with increasing temperature. An associated flow rule can be assumed without serious error. The results contribute to the confirmation of a thermal elastic-plastic soil model developed by the authors from cam clay following the addition of a small number of extra assumptions. Depending on the initial stress state, heating under undrained conditions may produce shear failure. 相似文献
18.
常剪应力路径下含气砂土的三轴试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然气水合物完全分解时,产生的气体使得能源土孔隙压力急速增加,有效应力减小,进而引起土体液化破坏。此时深海能源土斜坡的应力状态与静力液化失稳过程可简化为含气土在常剪应力排水(或不排水)应力路径下的破坏问题。以此为背景,提出了制备含气砂土试样的改进充气管法,并开展了含气砂土的常剪应力路径三轴试验。22组试验结果表明:同一孔隙比的含气密砂在不同围压与常剪应力下具有相同的失稳线;含气砂土试样失稳时的应力比和体变均随初始相对密实度的增大而增大;含气密砂在常剪应力路径下饱和度对失稳特征影响的规律性在排水与不排水条件下均不明显,但在不排水条件下含气砂土的孔压(或体变)对变形的敏感性降低;含气密砂在常剪应力路径到达失稳点之后,排水条件下是瞬变的液化鼓胀破坏,不排水条件下是渐变的剪切破坏。 相似文献
19.
Michinori Honda Shintaro Ohno Atsushi Iizuka Katsuyuki Kawai Hideki Ohta 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(2):171-180
An evaluation method for the mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils is studied in this paper. Although the mechanical behavior
of unsaturated soils is complicated, a simple modeling is preferable in practice. This is because the soil properties are
not homogeneous and ground data is limited when structures are being designed. In addition, in order to evaluate the reliability
of the design, the physical meanings of the parameters applied in the prediction model should be clear. Firstly, the authors
study the relationship between compaction curves and compression indexes in the unsaturated state that is used in the proposed
constitutive model. Based on the constitutive model, the stress paths for constant volume shear tests are formulated under
a constant void ratio condition and the stress paths for undrained shear tests are calculated under a constant water content
condition. In the case of unsaturated specimens, the volume of these specimens changes with the shear deformation and the
stress paths depend on the initial degree of saturation. The results of the calculation qualitatively describe the test results
by considering the changes in effective confining pressure in the undrained condition and the water retention curves. 相似文献
20.
Abouzar Sadrekarimi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(4):1135-1154
Static liquefaction failure of a sloping ground occurs when the shear stress applied by a monotonic triggering load exceeds the undrained yield (peak) shear strength of the saturated liquefiable cohesionless soil. Current practices for determining the in-situ undrained yield strength for ground subject to static shear stress either rely on a suite of costly laboratory tests on undisturbed field samples or empirical correlations based on in-situ penetration tests which do not account for the effects of anisotropic consolidation, intermediate principal stress, and mode of shear on the degree of strain-softening and brittleness of cohesionless soils. This study investigates the effects of variations in the direction and relative magnitudes of principal stresses associated with different modes of shear and ground slopes on static liquefaction failure of cohesionless soils. Empirical relationships are developed between soil brittleness index and maximum excess pore water pressure ratio to characterize soil shearing behavior observed in a database of 271 undrained laboratory shear tests collected from the past literature. The application of these relationships for estimating the static liquefaction triggering strength of cohesionless soils under sloping grounds is described for plane-strain boundary conditions and the results are compared with those back-calculated for several cases of static liquefaction flow failures. The proposed procedure incorporates variations in mode of shear and initial stress anisotropy in an empirical formulation based on in-situ penetration tests. 相似文献