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1.
川东中石炭世黄龙期沉积相及其与油气的关系 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
前言 川东中石炭统黄龙组主要为潮坪沉积,自1977年以来,已先后发现6个气田和6个含气地区,是四川地区天然气的主要产层之一。几年来的勘探实践证明,勘探的关键除圈闭与保存条件外,还和沉积相带的展布有密切关系,气田几乎全分布在潮间带准同生白云岩中。 加里东期末,川东地区上升为陆,志留系遭受不同程度的剥蚀。泥盆纪时,海水由鄂西侵漫川东部分地区。柳江运动后,泥盆纪海水撤出,川东地区志留系继续遭到剥蚀,致一般无上志留统;同时泥盆系也遭到一定剥蚀,其残存边界约在川鄂边界一带,其古地形-地质概貌是,西高东低,地层西老东新。 相似文献
2.
在工区面积大、钻井少的情况下开展地震相研究,可以有效绘出沉积相展布图。对四川盆地中部雷口坡组四3亚段利用GS1和YS104两口井进行地震地质标定,建立了膏盐湖、白云岩坪及颗粒滩等几种不同沉积微相的地震响应模式。膏盐湖相表现为强振幅、高连续的地震响应,而颗粒滩及白云岩坪主要表现为中振幅、低连续的地震响应特征。在地质标定基础上,对全区利用波形分类技术开展地震相研究,恢复了古沉积环境,获得了颗粒滩相及白云岩坪的展布图,这些分布区是有利储层的发育区。龙岗—营山—南充—蓬溪一带处于颗粒滩、白云岩坪有利相带,且处于雷四3亚段地层剥蚀线附近,受岩溶改造强烈,储层较为发育,是川中地区的重要勘探对象。 相似文献
3.
A. Vecsei 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1998,86(4):835-851
A tidal coast is documented in mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sands of the uppermost Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) along the southwestern margin of the Germanic basin in Luxembourg. The coastal sediments are vertically and laterally stacked channel fills, interpreted to have formed in a tidal flat environment. The channel fills overlie carbonates of a shallow subtidal ramp. The strong progradation of the tidal flat indicates deposition during a late stage of sea-level highstand, but before sea-level fall. In their upper part, the channel fills are overprinted by a thick paleosol, which resulted from subaerial exposure around the time of the Muschelkalk/Keuper boundary. The exposure and formation of the paleosol in the subtidal coastal sediments and, in basinward sections, the deposition of dolomicrites above the Muschelkalk/ Keuper boundary in the lowermost Keuper both indicate a sea-level fall. 相似文献
4.
楚雄盆地处于中国云南省中部，位于扬子板块西南缘，南西界以红河断裂为界与哀牢山造山带相连，北西界为程海断裂，东边为绿汁江断裂。盆地基底包括结晶基底和褶皱基底双重结构。盆地内发育了中三叠世以后的沉积盖层，西部中三叠世和晚三叠世早、中期为海相沉积，晚期为海陆交互相和陆相沉积；盆地东部为陆相沉积。侏罗—白垩纪整个盆地为巨厚的陆相沉积。楚雄盆地的构造格架分为４个带：（１）哀牢山造山带；（２）褶皱逆冲带；（３）中部沉降带；（４）东部隆起带。盆地形成与演化分为六个阶段：（１）被动大陆边缘沉降阶段；（２）拉张热隆起边缘——裂谷盆地阶段；（３）沟－弧－盆系阶段；（４）残洋－周缘前陆盆地阶段；（５）走滑－拉张盆地阶段；（６）走滑－挤压－改造阶段。楚雄盆地的形成与演化体现了盆地动力学性质转化和复合，在多种动力系统作用下或经过多旋回构造阶段产生了复式盆地 相似文献
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《Sedimentology》2018,65(5):1631-1666
Detailed logging and analysis of the facies architecture of the upper Tithonian to middle Berriasian Aguilar del Alfambra Formation (Galve sub‐basin, north‐east Spain) have made it possible to characterize a wide variety of clastic, mixed clastic–carbonate and carbonate facies, which were deposited in coastal mudflats to shallow subtidal areas of an open‐coast tidal flat. The sedimentary model proposed improves what is known about mixed coastal systems, both concerning facies and sedimentary processes. This sedimentary system was located in an embayed, non‐protected area of a wide C‐shaped coast that was seasonally dominated by wave storms. Clastic and mixed clastic–carbonate muds accumulated in poorly drained to well‐drained, marine‐influenced coastal mudflat areas, with local fluvial sandstones (tide‐influenced fluvial channels and sheet‐flood deposits) and conglomerate tsunami deposits. Carbonate‐dominated tidal flat areas were the loci of deposition of fenestral‐laminated carbonate muds and grainy (peloidal) sediments with hummocky cross‐stratification. Laterally, the tidal flat was clastic‐dominated and characterized by heterolithic sediments with hummocky cross‐stratification and local tidal sandy bars. Peloidal and heterolithic sediments with hummocky cross‐stratification are the key facies for interpreting the wave (storm) dominance in the tidal flat. Subsidence and high rates of sedimentation controlled the rapid burial of the storm features and thus preserved them from reworking by fair‐weather waves and tides. 相似文献
6.
塔里木盆地东河砂岩沉积和储层特征及综合分析 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：14
东河砂岩是一套覆盖广泛的海侵初期的沉积产物,但不是一个等时沉积体,相当于晚泥盆世晚期至早石炭世早期沉积,具体沉积时间各地有差异。东河砂岩具有海侵初期填平补齐的特征,其沉积相决定于海侵的速度、沉积物的供给和海侵前的古地貌。塔北地区受塔北古隆起的阻挡,海水在古隆起周围滞留时间较长,又有较粗粒的物源供给,其沉积产物主要是滨岸海滩沉积;塔中地区由于地形复杂,沉积类型也比较复杂,底部砾岩段为河流相沉积,而块状砂岩段和砂砾岩段为河口湾和滨岸海滩沉积,不同段在成分、分选性和粒级上有较大的差异;塔里木盆地其他低平地区主要是海侵期快速的滨岸和陆架沉积。受沉积因素影响,东河砂岩有效储层的分布具有地域性,除沉积因素外,低的地温梯度和短期的深埋藏也是优质储层发育的重要控制因素。 相似文献
7.
I.A. Plesovskikh I.I. Nesterov Jr. L.A. Nechiporuk V.S. Bochkarev 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2009,50(9):789-796
The northern part of the West Siberian geosyneclise is characterized by a thick sedimentary cover and widespread Triassic sedimentary and volcanosedimentary rocks and Paleozoic platform structures. New targets have been recognized in the basement and deeply buried horizons of the geosyneclise cover. Reservoirs might be found in the following formations: Paleozoic cover deposits, weathering crusts, zones of Paleozoic rock deconsolidation, Triassic sedimentary and volcanosedimentary deposits, buried structures in the lower part of the cover, Lower and Middle Jurassic basal layers, pinch-outs of Jurassic horizons, Upper Jurassic bituminous shales and cavernous carbonates. Exploration of these potential structures will change the structure of the existing resource base toward the long-term replenishment of hydrocarbon resources and a stable rate of production replacement. 相似文献
8.
通过对贵州盘县上二叠统钻井资料的研究分析,基于沉积岩石学、沉积学、古生物地史学及沉积地球化学等相标志识别出潮坪沉积以陆源碎屑沉积为主,可细分为砂坪、混合坪、泥坪、泥炭坪和潮沟等5种微相。分析认为:潮坪沉积发育海退型进积层序,沉积物粒度整体较细,分选性较好,发育潮汐层理;混合坪、泥坪、泥炭坪微相泥岩中V/(V+Ni)、Sr/Ba、U/Th、V/Cr、Ni/Co、Ceanom等地球化学参数指示了各微相沉积水体的缺氧-贫氧-氧化状态、贫氧-氧化状态和还原-贫氧-缺氧-氧化状态,与地质背景吻合性好。 相似文献
9.
根据薄片和岩心资料,识别出哈萨克斯坦Marsel探区下石炭统43种微相类型(MF)和10种微相组合样式(MA)。其中,MF1—MF3为灰泥灰岩,形成于外缓坡或局限低能环境;MF4—MF13为粒泥灰岩,形成于内缓坡泻湖—潮缘带、中缓坡或外缓坡环境;MF14—MF20为泥粒灰岩,形成于局限及低能的内缓坡环境;MF21—MF34为颗粒灰/云岩,多形成于内缓坡潮下带—中缓坡浅滩环境;MF35—MF37为晶粒白云岩,形成于蒸发潮坪环境;MF38—MF43为细粒碎屑岩,主要形成于内缓坡—中缓坡环境。微相组合样式主要包括中—外缓坡微相组合(MA2)、中—低能浅滩微相组合(MA1、MA8)、中缓坡混积微相组合(MA5)、中—高能浅滩—潮坪微相组合(MA6、MA7、MA9)、内缓坡泻湖—潮坪微相组合(MA3)、内缓坡碎屑潮坪微相组合(MA4)和混积潮坪微相组合(MA10)。通过亚相和微相组合分析,认为研究区早石炭世属于缓坡型台地沉积模式。杜内阶—维三段早期,相对海平面缓慢—快速上升,总体以内—中缓坡低能局限泻湖—潮坪和中—外缓坡沉积为主;维三段中期—谢尔普霍夫阶期,相对海平面缓慢—快速下降,主要发育内缓坡低能局限泻湖—潮坪和蒸发潮坪沉积,局部地区发育浅滩和混积潮坪沉积。 相似文献
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11.
BASIN-RANGE TRANSITION AND GENETIC TYPES OF SEQUENCE BOUNDARY OF THE QIANGTANG BASIN IN NORTHERN TIBET 相似文献
12.
华北克拉通南缘中-新元古代沉积演化:以豫西地区黄连垛组和董家组为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
华北克拉通(华北)南缘中元古代早期熊耳群火山活动之后,在渑池-确山地区发育了一套中-新元古代沉积(汝阳群、洛峪群、黄连垛组、董家组以及罗圈组和东坡组),记录了该时期沉积-构造演化过程。通过该区碎屑锆石和洛峪群顶部凝灰岩年龄的约束,将汝阳群-洛峪群的沉积时代基本限定于约1750～1600Ma,导致洛峪群由中元古界上部或新元古界下划到中元古界长城系。因此,在现有的地层年代格架下,需要重新对该区中-新元古代沉积演化进行讨论。本文通过对洛峪口组上覆黄连垛组和董家组沉积环境和物源分析,同时借助古生界辛集组源区分析的约束,揭示华北南缘中-新元古代沉积-构造演化。沉积环境分析显示,黄连垛组沉积初期发育了河口湾沉积环境。伴随海侵扩大,在下汤地区沉积了潮上带长石石英砂岩与泥质粉砂岩,而叶县地区发育了潮间带泥晶白云岩。晚期下汤和叶县地区发育潮下带泥晶白云岩与含硅质条带白云岩。董家组与下伏黄连垛组为平行不整合接触,董家组沉积初期为陆源碎屑物质供给充分的滨海相,在下汤和叶县地区沉积底部细砾岩及长石石英砂岩。随后,两个地区发育潮坪相长石石英砂岩与泥质粉砂岩,在顶部沉积了局限台地钙质泥岩。黄连垛组在豫西下汤和叶县地区沉积于河口湾-潮坪沉积环境,整体表现为自南向北的海进序列,而董家组总体上沉积于局限海盆的滨浅海-潮坪环境。由于下伏汝阳群-洛峪群分别沉积在河流-滨海-潮坪和浅海-滨海-潮坪环境,黄连垛组和董家组指示其沉积时期盆地产生收缩。碎屑锆石定年结果显示,黄连垛组和董家组碎屑锆石年龄主要峰值为1800Ma、2250Ma、2350Ma、2650Ma,两者物源均为华北克拉通。但下汤地区早古生界辛集组碎屑锆石显示主要峰值年龄为1850Ma、2500Ma、2200Ma、2700Ma,其次为1200Ma。结合华北克拉通发育大量的中元古代末期到新元古代碎屑锆石以及南缘中元古界官道口群和新元古界栾川群沉积特征,黄连垛组和董家组代表的局限盆地(海盆)沉积可能构成了该时期盆地的边缘相,期间伴随的抬升和盆地中心迁移可能与同期大地构造演化密切相关。 相似文献
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Analysis of 75 vibracores from the backbarrier region of Kiawah Island, South Carolina reveals a complex association of three distinct stratigraphic sequences. Beach ridge progradation and orientation-controlled backbarrier development during the evolution of Kiawah Island, and resulted in deposition of: (1) a mud-rich central backbarrier sequence consisting of low marsh overlying fine-grained, tidal flat/lagoonal mud; (2) a sandy beach-ridge swale sequence consisting of high and low marsh overlying tidal creek channel and point bar sand, and foreshore/shoreface; and (3) a regressive sequence of sandy, mixed, and muddy tidal flats capped by salt marsh that occurs on the updrift end of the island. Central backbarrier deposits formed as a result of the development of the initial beach ridge on Kiawah Island. Formation of this beach ridge created a backbarrier lagoon in which fine-grained estuarine and tidal flat mud accumulated. Washovers, oyster mounds, and tidal creek deposits form isolated sand and/or shell-rich lenses in the lagoon. Spartina alterniflora low marsh prograded into the lagoon as the tidal flats aggraded. Barrier progradation and sediment bar-bypassing at Stono Inlet created digitate beach ridges on the northeast end of Kiawah Island. Within the beach-ridge swales, tidal flats were disconformably deposited on shoreface and foreshore sand of the older beach ridges. Tidal creek drainage systems evolved to drain the swales. These rapidly migrating creeks reworked the tidal flat, foreshore, and shoreface sediments while redepositing a fining-upward sequence of channel lag and point bar deposits, which served as a substrate for salt marsh colonization. This resultant regressive sedimentary package marks the culmination of barrier island development and estuary infilling. Given enough time and sedimentation, the backbarrier sequence will ultimately prograde over the barrier island, reworking dune, beach, and foreshore sediments to form the upper sand-rich bounding surface of the barrier lithosome. Preservation of the regressive sequence is dependent upon sediment supply and the relative rate of sea-level rise, but the reworking of barrier islands by tidal inlets and migrating tidal creeks greatly alter and complicate the stratigraphic sequence. 相似文献
14.
东天山是中亚增生造山带的重要组成部分,蕴含了重要的铁、铜、镍、铅锌、金、钼、铷等矿床。近年来,东天山地区陆续发现了十余个大中型钨矿床,有望成为重要的钨矿资源基地。本文介绍了东天山地区钨矿床的地质特征、时空分布与构造背景,总结了东天山钨矿成矿规律,开展了成矿预测。东天山地区钨矿类型主要包括矽卡岩型、石英脉型及云英岩型,钨矿床的空间分布明显受控于前寒武纪结晶基底,成矿时间主要聚焦于三叠纪和晚石炭世。其中,中天山地块的矽卡岩型钨矿和东南缘的石英脉型钨矿形成于三叠纪,而中天山西南缘的矽卡岩型钨矿形成于晚石炭世,均与洋盆闭合之后的碰撞造山作用有关。根据东天山地区钨矿成矿规律,本文认为东天山地区钨矿找矿潜力巨大,提出了“前寒武纪基底+花岗岩+化探异常”的钨矿找矿预测思路,针对不同尺度的钨矿找矿勘查提出了建议。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系呈现出宽缓的盆缘含硬石膏白云岩坪与盆缘硬石膏白云岩坪相带，为孔洞型储层的成层发育、大面积展布创造了良好的条件。中部地区储层物性明显好于东部地区。本文从古岩溶地貌、古沟槽展布、压释水分布以及孔洞充填物类型的差异，系统分析了储层分布的控制因素。进而利用电子探针分析、同位素分析及包裹体测温，探讨了孔隙充填物的类型及形成环境。充填物中的白云石主要包括微成水微晶白云石、淡水白云石及马鞍状白云石三种类型，方解石主要包括微咸水粉细晶方解石、淡水方解石及铁方解石三种类型。微咸水微晶白云石和微成水粉细晶方解石主要形成于同生期层间岩溶发育期，淡水白云石及淡水方解石主要形成于裸露期风化壳岩溶发育期，马鞍状白云石及铁方解石主要形成于中深埋藏环境。 相似文献
16.
四川盆地早三叠世飞仙关早期的环境基本上继承了晚二叠世长兴末期的格局。在川东北地区演化为碳酸盐蒸发台地。蒸发台地飞仙关组为一套含硫酸盐的富白云岩的蒸发潮坪沉积层系。下部为薄层的含石膏、硬石膏晶体、团块及肠状石膏层的泥晶灰岩、微晶白云岩组成的小潮差蒸发潮坪层序。中部为层状鲕粒白云岩、鲕粒灰岩的潮下鲕粒滩相与萨布哈环境的富层状膏岩的膏坪相、含石膏岩的膏云坪相组成的大潮差蒸发潮坪层序。上部为中薄层状富泥的含石膏质夹层的泥质泥晶灰岩、微晶白云岩组成的旋回性清楚的似蒸发潮坪层序。这三种层序的纵向组合在蒸发台地相区可以很好对比,尽管各层序厚度有明显变化。强烈白云石化的鲕粒白云岩是四川盆地飞仙关组大中型气藏的主要储层,依据鲕粒岩的相序特征可将其分为有障壁性质的台缘鲕粒坝和台内鲕粒滩两类。蒸发台地西缘的台缘鲕粒坝在飞仙关期基本稳定。东缘的台缘鲕粒坝在飞仙关中后期大幅度向盆地方向迁移。 相似文献
17.
在14、17区块古地貌东高西低的区域性认识基础上,根据砂岩厚度分布规律、构造反演、岩心以及录井中高岭石的相对含量,确定了古地貌特征,指出在H油田存在南北向古海岛。结合沉积模式,描述了M1层沉积微相展布。结果表明:H油田位于泥坪和混合坪亚相,N油田位于砂坪亚相和潮道发育区,K—S油田位于潮下带,W油田为潮控三角洲沉积。并对沉积相控制的储层特征和含油性特征进行了分析,指出有利储层为潮道和砂坪砂岩,为中高孔特高渗储层,此类储层分布在目前构造的斜坡部位;混合坪和泥坪中储层分布局限,易形成差油层或干层,此类储层分布在目前构造顶部。由于构造和储层的特殊匹配关系,形成构造岩性复合油藏。 相似文献
18.
黄河北煤田煤系广泛发育潮坪沉积体系,通过对其沉积特征及沉积模式的研究,认为潮坪沉积体系主要包括潮道（潮沟或潮渠）、泥坪、沙坪、砂泥混合坪及潮坪沼泽和潮坪泥炭沼泽相等沉积相类型,其特征是砂泥比值较高,沉积厚度大,为含煤地层发育提供物质基础;在沉积环境演化方面与整个鲁西南地区沉积特征相似,整体为海水逐渐衰退的过程;在潮坪沼泽和潮坪泥炭沼泽中形成含硫量相对较高的煤层与海平面的变化密不可分,潮坪沉积物中发育的10煤、8煤、7煤、6煤等与潮坪泥炭沼泽沉积在该区分布特点具有一致性,由此可知,潮坪沉积体系的沉积物与煤层形成特点和形成规律有着密切关系,为研究区成煤作用研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
19.
M.B. Watchorn 《Precambrian Research》1980,13(1):27-42
The 3000 Ma Mozaan Group comprises three interacting sedimentary environments: (1) braided alluvial plain, (2) offshore shelf, and (3) tidalites. The predominance of planar cross-bedded sandstones in the fluvial sequence indicates that sedimentation was dominated by southerly accreting transverse bars in a distal braided river system. However, the development of lenticular conglomerates suggests the occasional formation of longitudinal gravel bars, probably during periods of high discharge. Argillaceous sediments, some of which are ferrugineous represent an interplay between clastic sedimentation and chemical precipitation on a prograding shelf. The abnormal thickness of these shelf deposits is attributed to facies stacking. The absence of barrier beach deposits suggests that the marginal environment was controlled by macrotidal conditions. Two varieties of tidal sequences are recognized. The first, which forms the classic upward-fining succession, contains ubiquitous ebb-dominated paleocurrents and is interpreted as having been influenced by tidal asymmetry. The other, which lacks the mixed flat unit, was apparently generated by tidal currents flowing parallel to the coastline. The nature of the Mozaan sediments suggests at least incipient cratonization in eastern South Africa 3000 Ma ago. 相似文献
20.
Remnants of the Liguria-Piemont Ocean with its Jurassic ophiolitic basement are preserved in the South Pennine thrust nappes of eastern Switzerland. Analysis of South Pennine stratigraphy and comparison with sequences from the adjacent continental margin units suggest that South Pennine nappes are relics of a transform fault system. This interpretation is based on three arguments: (1) In the highly dismembered ophiolite suite preserved, Middle to Late Jurassic pelagic sediments are found in stratigraphic contact not only with pillow basalts but also with serpentinites indicating the occurrence of serpentinite protrusions along fracture zones. (2) Ophiolite breccias (»ophicalcites«) occurring along distinct zones within peridotite-serpentinite host rocks are comparable with breccias from present-day oceanic fracture zones. They originated from a combination of tectonic and sedimentary processes: i.e. the fragmentation of oceanic basement on the seafloor and the filling of a network of neptunian dikes by pelagic sediment with locally superimposed hydrothermal activity and gravitational collapse. (3) The overlying Middle to Late Jurassic radiolarian chert contains repeated intercalations of massflow conglomerates mainly comprising components of oceanic basement but clasts of acidic basement rocks and oolitic limestone also exist. This indicates a close proximity between continental and oceanic basement. The rugged morphology manifested in the mass-flow deposits intercalated with the radiolarites is draped by pelagic sediments of Early Cretaceous age. 相似文献