共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
本文运用磁场的最小方差分析法和磁场-电子密度的相关分析法分析了欧洲空间局Giotto飞船对P／Grigg-Skjellerup（简称G-S）彗星弓激波附近磁场和电子能流的部分观测数据．结果表明彗星附近存在大量的频率靠近新生水族离子回旋频率的波动,它们是由彗星新生水族离子环流激发的低频左旋电磁波．波在近似平行于磁场方向传播,斜传播角小于15°．电子数据和磁场数据相关分析表明即使在离彗星很远的地方仍然存在压缩波． 相似文献
2.
<正> 当彗星接近太阳时,由于太阳的作用,迫使彗星在背向太阳的一面产生一条或几条彗尾,据报道,彗尾中的带电分子主要有CO+、N2+、CO2+、C2+、CH+、CN+等等。因此,具有这种彗尾的大彗星飞过地球时,对地球物理场的影响可能是可检测的。下面分析一下著名的哈雷彗星（Halley 1910Ⅱ）飞过地球时地球磁场的变化。 哈雷彗星的运行周期P=76.1年,偏心率l=0.97,倾角i=162.2°,半长轴a=17.8天文单位。哈雷彗星于1910年飞临地球时,4月20日过近日点,5月18日其 相似文献
3.
哈雷彗星是轨道周期约为76.1年的太阳系的一个成员.彗核半径估计为15公里.严格地说,它算不上是一颗星,其主要组成部分是许多象流星体那样的石块,石块之间充满着水粒、气体和宇宙尘埃.它的庞大体积和有利的轨道位置(近日点在太阳和地球轨道的半中间)使其每次接近近日点时都能被肉眼看到.当它接近太阳的时候,还往往在背太阳的一面伸出一条长长的尾巴.自公元前1056年以来,哈雷彗星的多次出现,在我国丰富的史料中都留下了珍贵的记载.欧洲对哈雷彗星的观测记载被认为最早是在公元前11年,落后于中国一千年.据推算,下次将在1986年2月出现. 相似文献
4.
本文对三十年来我国地磁和高空物理学的进展,作了较系统的评述,分下列14个方面:（1）地磁台的建设,（2）地磁测量和中国地磁图,（3）地磁短期变化和磁暴预报,（4）岩石磁性、古地磁和考古地磁,（5）大地电磁勘探和有关的工作,（6）磁法勘探及推断方面的发展,（7）地磁地电仪器的研制,（8）震磁关系的探索和理论研究,（9）日地关系若干统计分析,（10）高层大气结构和臭氧层测定,（11）关于电离层的探测和分析研究,（12）磁层结构和扰动,（13）宇宙线强度变化的测定和研究,（14）简短的回顾和展望。 相似文献
5.
陨石坑或撞击坑(impact crater)是小行星、彗星和流星体等小天体超高速撞击行星及其卫星表明形成的凹坑或环状地质构造。由于大气层的保护,和其他星球相比,地球遭受到陨石撞击的可能性要低得多。可即便如此,据估计,在地球形成演化的过程中,出现过直径大于10 km的陨石撞击构造不少于1500个,而直径更小的陨石坑数量就更多了! 相似文献
6.
本文阐述了独联体乌克兰地盾中部克里沃罗日铁矿盆地上超深井岩心标本的温压实验，（１）研究岩石弹性纵波速度（Ｖｐ）和横波速率（Ｖｓ）及其各向异性系数，杨氏模量（Ｅ）剪切模量（Ｇ），压缩率（β）泊松系数（σ）与流体静压力，正常温压和高温高压的关系。（２）研究了岩石导热率（λ）和导温率（α）和热容量（ｃ）与温压的关系；（３）随着压力的增大，岩石弹性波速度及其各向异性分别是增大和减小的，在不同方向上弹性汉事 相似文献
7.
本文是序列文章的第三篇,其内容包括：基于连续介质力学的基本理论,给出了液体外核（FOC）两种形式的角动量方程,对作用在FOC上外力矩进行了详细研究,同时对液核作用在固体内核（SIC）上的压力产生的压力矩进行了讨论,在O(ms)的量级上给出了它们的表达式.本文改正了文献〔1〕在推导过程中的某些错误（例如：（B18）、（B28）、（B29）、（B30）、（B35a）和（B35b）式）.本文是对文献〔1〕有关理论的扩展和改进,对进一步研究内核地球自转的动力学理论是非常重要的. 相似文献
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9.
新疆西天山低温榴辉岩相变质作用 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
研究表明,新疆西天山榴辉岩相变质岩石具有以下５种类型：（１）块状蓝闪石帘石榴辉岩、蓝闪石钠云母榴辉岩类,（２）片（麻）状白云母榴辉岩类,（３）条带状方解石榴辉岩类,（４）枕状蓝闪石榴辉岩类和（５）石榴石绿辉石石英岩类．其变质过程经历了以下４个阶段演化：（１）峰前硬柱石蓝片岩相阶段（Ｔ＝３５０～４００℃,Ｐ＝０．７～０．９ＧＰａ）;（２）峰期榴辉岩阶段（Ｔ＝（５３０± ２０）℃, Ｐ＝ １．６～１９ ＧＰａ）;（３）退变绿帘蓝片岩相阶段（Ｔ＝ ５００～５３０℃, Ｐ＝ ０．９～１．２ ＧＰａ）和（４）退变蓝闪绿片岩相阶段（Ｔ＝４５０～５５０℃, Ｐ＝０．７～０．８ＧＰａ）．在此基础上,确定了其可能的Ｐ－Ｔ轨迹为顺时针型,具等温降压（ＩＴＤ）的特点,抬升回返过程中经历了两期退变蓝片岩相变质过程．新疆西天山低温榴辉岩相变质岩石代表了塔里木板块和伊犁－中天山板块间俯冲发生低温高压变质作用的结果． 相似文献
10.
根据三度体引力位V（p）和引力场（总引力场F（p）及其垂向分量△g（p））的球谐分析理论,在球坐标系内,就起伏观测面上的三度体剩余重力异常△g（p）,提出了一种异常源全方位成像的理论和方法.其特点是：直接利用起伏观测面上的异常数据；把垂直引力场△g（p）的全方位延拓及其向总引力场F（p）和引力位V（p）的转换,和△g（p）异常源质量、质心、形态、边界位置反演等诸多问题的解决有机地结合起来,给出了多方位的场源图像,能够为最优化反演方法提供初始模型选择的依据. 相似文献
11.
Abstract The use of a physically-based hydrological model for streamflow forecasting is limited by the complexity in the model structure and the data requirements for model calibration. The calibration of such models is a difficult task, and running a complex model for a single simulation can take up to several days, depending on the simulation period and model complexity. The information contained in a time series is not uniformly distributed. Therefore, if we can find the critical events that are important for identification of model parameters, we can facilitate the calibration process. The aim of this study is to test the applicability of the Identification of Critical Events (ICE) algorithm for physically-based models and to test whether ICE algorithm-based calibration depends on any optimization algorithm. The ICE algorithm, which uses the data depth function, was used herein to identify the critical events from a time series. Low depth in multivariate data is an unusual combination and this concept was used to identify the critical events on which the model was then calibrated. The concept is demonstrated by applying the physically-based hydrological model WaSiM-ETH on the Rems catchment, Germany. The model was calibrated on the whole available data, and on critical events selected by the ICE algorithm. In both calibration cases, three different optimization algorithms, shuffled complex evolution (SCE-UA), parameter estimation (PEST) and robust parameter estimation (ROPE), were used. It was found that, for all the optimization algorithms, calibration using only critical events gave very similar performance to that using the whole time series. Hence, the ICE algorithm-based calibration is suitable for physically-based models; it does not depend much on the kind of optimization algorithm. These findings may be useful for calibrating physically-based models on much fewer data. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor A. Montanari Citation Singh, S.K., Liang, J.Y., and Bárdossy, A., 2012. Improving calibration strategy of physically-based model WaSiM-ETH using critical events. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (8), 1487–1505. 相似文献
12.
A. L. Brinca 《Surveys in Geophysics》1996,17(1):1-39
The first observations of cometary wave activity were carried out in 1985/1986 by several space missions (ICE, VEGAs 1 and 2, Suisei, Sakigake, Giotto) in the environments of comets Giacobini-Zinner and Halley. The interpretation of thesein situ field (and particle) measurements fostered investigations on (among other topics) wave generation that, leaving aside the inherently nonlinear (but related) problem of the eventual formation of a cometary bow shock wave, explored the free energy available in two specific features of the velocity distributions of the newborn particle populations: their parallel (with respect to the IMF direction) drift in the solar wind frame and perpendicular ring-like organization. Analytical and simulation works looked into the influence of the solar wind and cometary newborn parameters on the instabilities and the ensuing, or associated (as evidenced by wave observations), nonlinear phenomenology. Comprehensive reviews have described the experimental and theoretical results obtained in this cometary wave research until 1992 and identified outstanding problems warranting further attention. Here, only a cursory revisit to the Giacobini-Zinner/Halley era of low frequency wave observation and interpretation shall be made: rather, attention shall be predominantly focussed on the new implications to cometary wave research of the recent Giotto encounter with comet Grigg-Skjellerup on July 10 of 1992. The three visited comets, starting with their gas production rates, had different characteristics that showed up in thein situ observations. Yet, with the important exception of the Grigg-Skjellerup encounter, the interpretation of the wave activity measurements could be made in terms of common basic generation mechanisms adapted to the relevant properties of the appropriate plasma environment. New aspects emerged in the last Giotto cometary mission: the smaller gas production rates yield a scale length for the neutral gas density that is not (much) larger than the gyration distance of a heavy newborn ion (estimated by the product of the solar wind speed and the ion cyclotron period). As a consequence of this inhomogeneity, the velocity distribution of the heavy newborn ions exhibits gyrophase organization, i.e. nongyrotropy. This new source of free energy, albeit briefly mentioned in a few studies preceding the Grigg-Skjellerup mission, was not investigated in the context of the Giacobini-Zinner and Halley encounters. Since the last Giotto observations strongly suggest that nongyrotropy plays a prominent role in wave generation as the comet Gigg-Skjellerup nucleus is approached and its stability characteristics have only seldomly been analyzed, the review shall emphasize the wave generation capabilities of particle populations with gyrophase organization. 相似文献
13.
To investigate the genotoxic effect of marine sediments on aquatic organism, sediment samples were collected from 13 sites along the coast of Gwangyang Bay (Korea). Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments were determined and the relationship between exposure of flounder blood cells to sediment extracts and DNA single-strand breakage in the blood cells was examined using the comet assay. Levels of DNA damage were proportionally increased by exposure concentration and the highest sediment-associated DNA damage was observed at the station showing the highest PAHs contamination. DNA damage in blood cells exposed to five types of PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, anthracene, pyrene and phenanthrene) and in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) for 0, 2 and 4 days were assessed by measuring comet tail length. The tail lengths of five PAHs-exposed groups at 50 and 100 ppb were significantly different from the non-exposed group, and the genotoxic effect of BaP correlated with both concentration and duration of exposure. Throughout the study, significant differences in DNA breakage were recorded between cells exposed to sediment extracts or PAHs and non-exposed control. This study demonstrated the comet assay as a successful tool in monitoring contamination of marine sediments and assessing genotoxicity of PAHs in marine organisms, either in vitro or in vivo. 相似文献
14.
Emma Rigby, Melissa Symonds and Derek Ward-Thompson review the evidence for the possibility that a comet may have impacted the Earth in historical times, and discuss the size of the putative comet. 相似文献
15.
Ritav Schulz 《Surveys in Geophysics》1997,18(1):39-55
The spectacular impact of D/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter in July 1994 was observed all over the world and from space, leading to many new and exciting clues to the physics of the Jovian atmosphere. However, what do we know of the impactor? There were only 16 months to study D/Shoemaker-Levy 9 between its discovery and destruction. D/Shoemaker-Levy 9 was designated as a comet at time of discovery. Then, due to the apparent absence of volatiles usually present in comets it was repeatedly discussed whether D/Shoemaker-Levy 9 was a comet or an asteroid. Although its true nature can still not be named unambigeously, a cometary origin is indicated from the observational evidence. The results of the dust analysis are consistent with D/Shoemaker-Levy 9 being a typical comet and so far this is not contradicted by any observation. 相似文献
16.
W. Gentner T. Kirsten D. Storzer G.A. Wagner 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1973,20(2):204-210
Darwin Glasses from the recently discovered Darwin Crater in Tasmania were dated by the K-Ar and the fission track methods. The ages by both methods agree and yield a combined age of 0.73 ± 0.04 my for the formation of Darwin Crater and Darwin Glass by an impact. Since an accidental coincidence of this age with the age of Australasian tektites is rather unlikely, we suppose that Darwin Crater is one of many — primary or secondary — impact structures caused by the collision of a meteorite or comet with the earth ～ 0.7 my ago in the region of South East Asia and Australia. 相似文献
17.
No connection between comets and climate has been proposed until now; here, we show that such a connection exists. We use a model to evaluate the shadowing effect due to cometary dust released by comet 1P/Halley in the inner solar system. We find that comet Halley has left a detectable fingerprint in the climate records of the last two millennia. The print shows up as a periodic cooling of the order of 0.08 °C. This temperature drop is comparable with other natural fluctuations. The finding will add a brick to our knowledge of the climate system and could allow to improve our predictive capacity of future climate. 相似文献
18.
The larger and most energetic cratering events from comet and asteroid collisions with the Earth are probably associated with ejection of solid material faster than escape speeds every 100 Myr or so. Metre-sized boulders, we estimate, may have been ejected directly into Venus-crossing and perhaps Mars-crossing orbits from comet impacts at higher speeds and of larger mass, at least on 10 occasions in the last 3.5 Ga. Subsequent close encounters with Earth can also enable slower boulders to reach Mars-crossing orbits. Orbit perturbations from Mars and Jupiter would then have sent a fraction of the boulders to the outer planets and their icy satellite systems. In the so-called late bombardment epoch at 3.9 Ga, when primitive life was developing, ejection-causing impacts were much more frequent, at 30 per 0.1 Ga, yielding an increased probability of distributing seeds of terrestrial biology to the outer regions of the solar system. 相似文献
19.
John S. Lewis 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1974,22(3):239-244
Several different reasonably concordant methods of estimating the flux of carbonaceous chondrite and cometary material (both meteoric dust and comet nuclei) through the inner solar system are shown to imply that such sources may have a dominant effect on the present abundances of several important constituents of the atmosphere of Venus. In particular, the entire supply of hydrogen compounds on Venus may owe its origin to infall of such material. The escape rate of atomic hydrogen may be in approximate balance with the influx rate of hydrogen in the forms of bound meteoritic water and cometary ices. I suggest that the atmospheric inventories of H, S, Cl, F and possibly N on Venus are provided by infall, and need not be endogenous to Venus. 相似文献