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1.
Climatology of lightning activity in South China and its relationships to precipitation and convective available potential energy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study examined lightning activity and its relationship to precipitation and convective available potential energy(CAPE) in South China during 2001–12, based on data from the Guangdong Lightning Location System, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite, and the ERA-Interim dataset. Two areas of high lightning density are identified: one over the Pearl River Delta, and the other to the north of Leizhou Peninsula. Large peak-current cloud-to-ground(LPCCG) lightning(75 kA) shows weaker land–offshore contrasts than total CG lightning, in which negative cloud-to-ground(NCG) lightning occurs more prominently than positive cloud-to-ground(PCG) lightning on land. While the frequency of total CG lightning shows a main peak in June and a second peak in August, the LPCCG lightning over land shows only a single peak in June.The ratio of positive LPCCG to total lightning is significantly greater during February–April than during other times of the year. Diurnally, CG lightning over land shows only one peak in the afternoon, whereas CG lightning offshore shows morning and afternoon peaks. The rain yield per flash is on the order of 10~7–10~8kg per flash across the analysis region, and its spatial distribution is opposite to that of lightning density. Our data show that lightning activity over land is more sensitive than that over offshore waters to CAPE. The relationships between lightning activity and both precipitation and CAPE are associated with convection activity in the analysis region. 相似文献
2.
Yu-Kyung Hyun S. K. Kar Kyung-Ja Ha J. H. Lee 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2010,102(1-2):43-60
The spatial and temporal variations in cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and precipitation during the summer monsoon months in Korea have been analyzed in relation to the regional synoptic weather conditions. The lightning data used in this study were collected from a lightning detection network installed by the Korean Meteorological Administration, while the precipitation data were collected from 386 Automatic Weather Stations spread over the entire Korean Peninsula during 2000 to 2001. A distinctive morning peak of precipitation is observed over the midwest region of Korea. Along the east coast, little precipitation and CG flash counts are found. Despite the strong afternoon peaks of convective rainfall due to the high elevation over the southern inland region, the south coast shows nocturnal or early morning peaks, which represents a common oceanic pattern of flash counts. In 2000, the nighttime peak for lightning counts dominates over the southern area, while the afternoon peak was strong in the midland during the summer, mainly due to the northward transportation of moisture to the Korean Peninsula. Conversely, the strong afternoon peak for the southern region was confronted with early morning peaks in the midwestern region during 2001. The eastward transport of moisture has been analyzed and was considered to be dominant in 2001. The study of several warm and cold type fronts in 2000 and 2001 indicate that the warm type fronts in 2000 were associated with very little lightning, while the cold type fronts appeared to be responsible for the occurrence of abundant lightning in 2001, thereby, indicating that the warm and cold type fronts were representative of the local lightning distribution in the respective years. 相似文献
3.
近30 a江苏夏季降水日变化的气候学特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于1980—2013年江苏省61站小时降水资料,分析了江苏省夏季降水日变化的特点及小时极端降水、不同级别雨日的日变化特征。结果表明,江苏省夏季降水日变化具有显著的双峰分布特征,然而江苏省北部和南部降水的主峰时段并不一致。从降水频次、累积降水量来看,江苏省北部降水以清晨至早上时段为主峰、午后至傍晚时段为次峰,南部降水与之相反。长持续性降水占夏季降水的2/3左右,且江苏北部占比多于南部,均为清晨至早上的单峰分布;短持续性降水占夏季降水的1/3,在江苏北部呈现出以午后至傍晚为主峰,清晨至早上为次峰的双峰分布,而在江苏南部呈现出以午后至傍晚的单峰分布特点。小时极端降水,阈值分布南低北高,虽然频次较少,但占夏季降水的40%左右。小时极端降水日变化的双峰分布和夏季总体降水分布类似,但主峰大都出现在午后至傍晚。不同级别雨日的日变化分布各有不同,但全省各区无显著差异。累积降水量贡献主要来自于暴雨和大雨。暴雨无论是从降水频次、累积降水量还是降水强度都呈现清晨至早上的单峰分布。 相似文献
4.
利用2007年8月在雷州半岛观测雷暴获得的雨滴谱和地闪资料,重点分析了8月6日遂溪、湛江一次雷暴云降水个例的雨滴谱特征,对闪电特征与降水的相关性进行了统计分析。结果表明,遂溪站的雨滴谱谱型多为双峰或多峰型,而湛江站的雨滴谱谱型多呈单峰型分布;平均雨滴谱符合Gamma分布;雨强I10mm/h时发生地闪的频率较高,且发生地闪频率随着距测站的距离减少而增加;随着雨强的增大发生正地闪的概率明显增加;降水过程中的闪电频率和距离校准后闪电电流强度的相关性表明,地闪发生的距离越近,频率越高对应雨滴谱谱宽越宽和降水强度越大。 相似文献
5.
华北地区夏季降水日变化的时空分布特征 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用2008~2014年间全国自动站观测降水和CMORPH[CPC（Climate Prediction Center）morphing technique]卫星反演降水资料融合而成的0.1°×0.1°小时降水产品揭示了华北夏季降水的日变化特征,发现华北多数地区夏季降水量和降水频率日变化呈现出明显的双峰特征且存在明显的区域性差异。在太行山以西地区,降水量和降水频率的日峰值出现在傍晚18:00左右（北京时）,规律性最强;而在太行山以东的平原和沿海地区,日峰值一般出现在上午。研究不同持续时间降水对总降水的贡献发现短时降水对傍晚的降水日峰值贡献较大,而长时降水则对凌晨的峰值影响更大。分析不同强度降水对总降水量的贡献结果表明,0.1~10 mm h-1强度降水较其它强度降水对夏季华北地区总降水量贡献更大,随着降水强度的增加降水量日变化的峰值个数增加。 相似文献
6.
This paper investigates the diurnal variations of summer precipitation in Shanghai by using the city''s hourly precipitation data over a span of 35 years. The result shows that the precipitation peaks twice, in the morning and in the afternoon. Precipitation in the morning is characterized by light to moderate rain, and that in the afternoon by heavy to super heavy rain. The peak of short-duration precipitation is mostly found in the afternoon and at dusk, and that of long-duration precipitation in the morning. Most of the precipitation events in Shanghai are of a short duration of 2-3 hours. Basically, the precipitation is spatially distributed in three areas: the eastern coastal and central urban area, where the precipitation peaks mostly in the afternoon, the southern coastal area, where the precipitation peaks both in the afternoon and during the night, and the western area, where long-duration precipitation accounts for a much larger proportion than the other two areas. 相似文献
7.
利用湖北省2013—2018年6—8月ADTD闪电探测数据对该地区的闪电活动进行特征分析后发现, 地闪密度和日变化特征与地形密切相关, 其中, 闪电密度高值区出现在海拔500~1 500 m的中尺度山脉向平原的过渡地带以及山脉之间的平原(河谷)地区; 山区的地闪集中在午后至傍晚时段, 具有明显的单峰特征, 平原的地闪日变化相对平缓, 虽然主峰值同样出现在午后, 但夜间地闪活动依然活跃。基于2015—2016年6—8月逐6 min雷达组合反射率拼图产品和地闪资料挑选了94例伴有显著闪电活动的雷暴系统个例, 经统计分析后发现, 雷暴系统的初次地闪、峰值地闪和末次地闪均集中出现在13:00—18:00, 其中, 山区雷暴的地闪持续时间较短, 地闪频数峰值较小; 平原雷暴的地闪持续时间更长, 地闪频数峰值也更大; 山麓雷暴的特征则介于两者之间。利用ERA-Interim再分析资料进行成因分析后可知, 地形强迫和局地热力不稳定是影响湖北山区夏季闪电密度分布和日变化特征的关键因子。 相似文献
8.
This study investigates diurnal variations of precipitation during May–August, 1998–2012, over the steep slopes of the Himalayas and adjacent regions(flat Gangetic Plains–FGP, foothills of the Himalayas–FHH, the steep slope of the southern Himalayas–SSSH, and the Himalayas-Tibetan Plateau tableland–HTPT). Diurnal variations are analyzed at the pixel level utilizing collocated TRMM precipitation radar and visible infrared data. The results indicate that rain parameters(including rain frequency, rain rate, and storm top altitude) are predominantly characterized by afternoon maxima and morning minima at HTPT and FGP, whereas, maximum rain parameters at FHH typically occur in the early morning. Rain parameters at SSSH are characterized by double peaks;one in the afternoon and one at midnight. Over HTPT and FGP,convective activity is strongest in the afternoon with the thickest crystallization layer. Over FHH, the vertical structure of precipitation develops most vigorously in the early morning when the most intense collision and growth of precipitation particles occurs. Over SSSH, moist convection is stronger in the afternoon and at midnight with strong mixing of ice and water particles. The results of harmonic analysis show that rain bands move southward from lower elevation of SSSH to FHH with apparent southward propagation of the harmonic phase from midnight to early morning. Moreover, the strongest diurnal harmonic is located at HTPT, having a diurnal harmonic percentage variance of up to 90%. Large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns exhibit obvious diurnal variability and correspond well to the distribution of precipitation. 相似文献
9.
《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2007,43(1-4):107-126
Rainfall characteristics of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) are analyzed primarily using tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR), TRMM microwave imager (TMI) and lighting imaging sensor (LIS) data. Latent heating structure is also examined using latent heating data estimated with the spectral latent heating (SLH) algorithm.The zonal structure, time evolution, and characteristic stages of the MJO precipitation system are described. Stratiform rain fraction increases with the cloud activity, and the amplitude of stratiform rain variation associated with the MJO is larger than that of convective rain by a factor of 1.7. Maximum peaks of both convective rain and stratiform rain precede the minimum peak of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomaly which is often used as a proxy for the MJO convection. Stratiform rain remains longer than convective rain until ∼4000 km behind the peak of the mature phase. The stratiform rain contribution results in the top-heavy heating profile of the MJO.Associated with the MJO, there are tri-pole convective rain top heights (RTH) at 10–11, ∼7 and ∼3 km, corresponding to the dominance of afternoon showers, organized systems, and shallow convections, respectively. The stratiform rain is basically organized with convective rain, having similar but slightly lower RTH and slightly lags the convective rain maximum. It is notable that relatively moderate (∼7 km) RTH is dominant in the mature phase of the MJO, while very tall rainfall with RTH over 10 km and lightning frequency increase in the suppressed phase. The rain-yield-per flash (RPF) varies about 20–100% of the mean value of ∼2–10 × 109 kg fl−1 over the tropical warm ocean and that of ∼2–5 × 109 kg fl−1 over the equatorial Islands, between the convectively suppressed phase and the active phase of MJO, in the manner that RPF is smaller in the suppressed phase and larger in the active phase. 相似文献
10.
上海地区几类强降水雨滴谱特征分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
用Parsivel激光降水粒子谱仪资料对2013年上海地区4—10月份期间4种类型 (层状云、对流暖云主导型、对流冷云主导型和强台风影响下的混合暖云型) 降水过程的雨滴谱特征进行了分析。通过平均雨滴谱及其拟合特征、雨滴数密度与含水量分布、雨滴尺度与速度二维谱分布等对比分析发现:各类降水中, 雨滴谱的峰值结构与雨强大小有关, 其中直径介于0.187~1.312 mm的小雨滴均出现峰值且总数最多。各尺度雨滴数密度及其比例决定了其降水量贡献比, 在冷云强降水中的雨强贡献最大的雨滴尺度要显著大于其他3种类型。雨滴谱宽按大小排列依次为对流冷云主导型、混合暖云型、对流暖云主导型和层状云。最后综合运用雨滴谱、雷达、雨量站、闪电等观测资料对9月13日对流冷云主导型降水过程进行分析后发现:在雷暴的演变过程中, 雨滴谱特征与雷达反射率因子、垂直液态水含量、自动站雨强、闪电频次等要素均有较好的相关性。冷云产生的冰晶和冰雹融化后的大雨滴进入中低层的广谱小雨滴群, 并通过破碎分裂增加了大雨滴的形成概率, 尤其是捕捉碰并过程更加快了大雨滴的增长速度, 使雨强在短时间内迅速加强。雨滴谱中各档粒子数的演变, 揭示了降水强度的变化, 用雨滴谱资料可有效弥补现有雷达定量估测降水的偏差, 且在冷云中改善明显。 相似文献
11.
中国大陆降水日变化研究进展 总被引：32，自引：4，他引：28
文章概述了中国大陆降水日变化的最新研究成果,给出了中国大陆降水日变化的整体图像,指出目前数值模式模拟降水日变化的局限性,为及时了解和掌握降水日变化研究进展、开展相关科学研究和进行降水预报服务提供了有价值的科学依据和参考。现有研究表明：（1）中国大陆夏季降水日变化的区域特征明显。在夏季,东南和东北地区的降水日峰值主要集中在下午;西南地区多在午夜达到降水峰值;长江中上游地区的降水多出现在清晨;中东部地区清晨、午后双峰并存;青藏高原大部分地区是下午和午夜峰值并存。（2）降水日变化存在季节差异和季节内演变。冷季降水日峰值时刻的区域差异较暖季明显减小,在冷季南方大部分地区都表现为清晨峰值;中东部地区暖季降水日变化随季风雨带的南北进退表现出清晰的季节内演变,季风活跃（间断）期的日降水峰值多发生在清晨（下午）。（3）持续性降水和局地短时降水的云结构特性以及降水日峰值出现时间存在显著差异。持续性降水以层状云特性为主,地表降水和降水廓线的峰值大多位于午夜后至清晨;短时降水以对流降水为主,峰值时间则多出现在下午至午夜前。（4）降水日变化涉及不同尺度的山-谷风、海-陆风和大气环流的综合影响,涉及复杂的云雨形成和演变过程,对流层低层环流日变化对降水日变化的区域差异亦有重要影响。（5）目前数值模式对中国降水日变化的模拟能力有限,且模拟结果具有很强的模式依赖性,仅仅提高模式水平分辨率并不能总是达到改善模拟结果的目的,关键是要减少存在于降水相关的物理过程参数化方案中的不确定性问题。 相似文献
12.
This paper summarizes the recent progress in studies of the diurnal variation of precipitation over con- tiguous China. The main results are as follows. （1） The rainfall diurnal variation over contiguous China presents distinct regional features. In summer, precipitation peaks in the late afternoon over the south- ern inland China and northeastern China, while it peaks around midnight over southwestern China. In the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River valley, precipitation occurs mostly in the early morning. Summer precipitation over the central eastern China （most regions of the Tibetan Plateau） has two diurnal peaks, i.e., one in the early morning （midnight） and the other in the late afternoon. （2） The rainfall diurnal variation experiences obvious seasonal and sub-seasonal evolutions. In cold seasons, the regional contrast of rainfall diurnal peaks decreases, with an early morning maximum over most of the southern China. Over the central eastern China, diurnal monsoon rainfall shows sub-seasonal variations with the movement of summer monsoon systems. The rainfall peak mainly occurs in the early morning （late afternoon） during the active （break） monsoon period. （3） Cloud properties and occurrence time of rainfall diurnal peaks are different for long- and short-duration rainfall events. Long-duration rainfall events are dominated by strat- iform precipitation, with the maximum surface rain rate and the highest profile occurring in the late night to early morning, while short-duration rainfall events are more related to convective precipitation, with the maximum surface rain rate and the highest profile occurring between the late afternoon and early night. （4） The rainfall diurnal variation is influenced by multi-scale mountain-valley and land-sea breezes as well as large-scale atmospheric circulation, and involves complicated formation and evolution of cloud and rainfall systems. The diurnal cycle of winds in the lower troposphere also contributes to the regional differences 相似文献
13.
利用FY-2E逐时云顶黑体亮温资料 (TBB)、闪电定位资料、自动气象站资料和逐时降水资料,对2009—2013年6—8月内蒙古7例暴雨天气过程的中尺度雨团特征进行分析。结果表明:内蒙古暴雨的降水强度在1~3 h即可达到暴雨或大暴雨量级,中尺度雨团活动是内蒙古暴雨过程形成原因,而80%雨团活动是中尺度对流系统 (MCS) 造成的。MCS内TBB不超过-52℃冷云区和地闪密度大值中心对雨团强度和发展具有重要的指示作用,冷锋云系中MCS造成的雨团多原地生成和消亡,TBB不超过-52℃冷云区面积小,维持时间为2~8 h,地闪密度增长缓慢而且发生频次低;冷涡云系中雨团跳跃式出现在MCS冷云区或冷空气流入一侧,出现TBB不超过-62℃冷云区,雨团出现频次高,持续出现时间可长达24 h,地闪密度增长迅速且发生频次高。7次暴雨过程中约有60%雨团伴有地闪活动,地闪密度达到最大值时刻预示未来1~3 h最强雨团出现和MCS发展到成熟。地面加密风场中尺度辐合线先于MCS和雨团出现,中尺度辐合线造成的局地辐合可作为MCS发展的启动机制。 相似文献
14.
新一代全球降水观测计划GPM作为TRMM卫星的继承者,在物理探测和降水反演算法上具有明显进步。以广东省雨量自动站为基准,对2014—2018年间GPM的格点降水估测产品IMERG（V5B）的日变化特征和估测误差进行分析。结果表明,IMERG能清晰反映广东前、后汛期的降水双峰型特征,但对下午降水峰值明显高估,峰值出现时间滞后;而对于沿海早晨峰值降水则明显低估,对于降水极值,低估更加显著。IMERG对两个峰值的估测误差受不同因素影响,下午峰值降水的相对偏差与地形密切相关,珠江三角洲平原为稳定高估区,地形高度越高,低估幅度越大;而早晨峰值降水极值负偏差与地形高度、降水量的相关性均较小。对出现显著负偏差的早晨沿海降水样本日进行925 hPa风场合成,可知IMERG明显低估时,对应区域上游较强的超低空西南气流与风速夜间增长。IMERG对这一季风活动背景降水的低估构成了其估测早晨降水误差的主要来源。 相似文献
15.
江苏南部汛期降水日变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用江苏南部20个气象观测站2008—2012年汛期(5—10月)逐小时降水资料,应用降水频率来分析了江苏南部地区降水日变化基本特征和区域差异。研究表明:降水日变化特征地域性差异较强,西部站、东部站和东北沿海站都存在一定的特征差异。东部站降水量的最大值主要出现在下午和傍晚;西部站降水量主峰值出现在下午,并且在清晨和夜间还有两个次峰值;东北沿海站呈现出午前、午后的双峰值形式。2008—2011年降水量下午高值区有先减弱后增强并提前的趋势,而上午的高值区有总体减弱并推迟的特征。2011年后有明显减弱的趋势。江苏南部总体来说,短时强降水(大于20和25 mm/h)在16—19时出现主峰值,07—09时也有相对较小的次峰值。 相似文献
16.
利用TRMM卫星LIS, PR和TMI资料,对2000—2007年41个登陆我国的台风中闪电活动和降水特征进行分析。结果表明:台风中的闪电活动整体较弱,相对而言,外雨带中的闪电活动最强,其次是眼壁,内雨带最弱,而眼壁的闪电密度最大。闪电活动沿台风径向有两个明显的高值区,主峰出现在距台风眼375 km的外雨带,次峰出现在距台风眼55 km的眼壁和内雨带相交的边界附近。台风中对流云降水面积远小于层云降水面积,其中外雨带中的对流云降水面积最大,其次是眼壁,内雨带最小;但对流降水对总降水量的贡献与层云相当。眼壁和内雨带中的对流云和层云的降水回波平均高度都小于外雨带。分析表明:TMI观测到的85.5 GHz极化修正亮温 (TPC85.5) 越低,闪电发生概率越大,外雨带具有最低的TPC85.5。有、无闪电发生区域的平均6 km高度雷达反射率因子和TPC85.5差异明显。台风区域内,闪电活动位置对应的平均6 km雷达回波强度普遍大于20 dBZ,而无闪电发生位置普遍低于30 dBZ。 相似文献
17.
北京地区的闪电时空分布特征及不同强度雷暴的贡献 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用北京闪电定位网(BLNET,Beijing Lightning Network)和SAFIR3000(Surveillance et Alerte Foudre par Interometrie Radioelectrique)定位网7年共423次雷暴的闪电资料,并按照雷暴产生闪电多少,同时参考雷达回波和雷暴持续时间,将雷暴划分为弱雷暴(≤1000次)、强雷暴(>1000次且≤10000次)和超强雷暴(>10000次),分析了北京地区的闪电时空分布特征及不同强度等级雷暴对闪电分布的贡献。北京总闪电密度最大值约为15.4 flashes km-2a(^-1),平均值约为1.9 flashes km^-2a(^-1),大于8 flashes km^-2a(^-1)的闪电密度高值区基本分布在海拔高度200 m等高线以下的平原地带。不同强度雷暴对总雷暴闪电总量贡献不同,弱雷暴(超强雷暴)次数多(少),产生的闪电少(多),超强雷暴和强雷暴产生的闪电分别占总雷暴闪电的37%和56%。不同强度雷暴对总雷暴的闪电密度高值中心分布和闪电日变化特征影响显著,昌平区东部、顺义区中东部和北京主城区是总雷暴闪电密度大于12 flashes km-2a(-1)的三个主要高值区中心,前两个高值中心受强雷暴影响大,而主城区高值中心主要受超强雷暴影响。总雷暴晚上频繁的闪电活动主要受超强雷暴和强雷暴影响,这两类雷暴晚上闪电活动活跃,分别占各自总闪电的69%和65%,而弱雷暴闪电活动白天陡增很快,对总雷暴午后的闪电活动影响大。另外,不同下垫面条件闪电日变化差异大,山区最强的闪电活动出现在白天,午后闪电活动增强很快,主峰值出现在北京时间18:00,而平原最强的闪电活动发生在晚上,平原(山麓)的主峰值比山区推迟了约1.5小时(1小时)。 相似文献
18.
Summary We have used a CGR3 lightning flash counter to gather lightning type and occurrence data over five complete years in Gaborone, Botswana. The results show that the mean ground flash density is 4.6 km–2 yr–1. Of these, 4.9% of ground flashes lower a net positive charge. The overall ratio of intracloud flashes to ground flashes is 1.9, the value being slightly higher during the nights than the daytime. A typical lightning season lasts from September to May, the activity reaching a peak between November and January. There is virtually no lightning at all during the dry winter months of June, July and August. The number of flashes per storm shows a marked decrease as the season progresses. In the diurnal cycle, the peak lightning activity occurs at around 19 h, which is somewhat late when compared with most other locations. However, together with observations in the Central United States, it seems to suggest that the peak activity occurs later in the day at mid-continental locations.With 7 Figures 相似文献
19.
Diurnal phase of late-night against late-afternoon of stratiform and convective precipitation in summer southern contiguous China 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Using the tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) observations combined with the surface rain
gauge data during 1998–2006, the robust diurnal features of summer stratiform and convective precipitation over the southern
contiguous China are revealed by exploring the diurnal variations of rain rate and precipitation profile. The precipitation
over the southern contiguous China exhibits two distinguishing diurnal phases: late-night (2200–0600 LST) and late-afternoon
(1400–2200 LST), dependent on the location, precipitation type and duration time. Generally, the maximum rain rate and the
highest profile of stratiform precipitation occur in the late-afternoon (late-night) over the southeastern (southwestern)
China, while most of the stratiform short-duration rain rate tends to present late-afternoon peaks over the southern China.
For convective precipitation, the maximum rain rate and the highest profile occur in the late-afternoon over most of the southern
contiguous China, while the convective long-duration rain rate exhibits late-night peaks over the southwestern China. Without
regional dependence, the convective precipitation exhibits much larger amplitude of diurnal variations in both near surface
rain rate and vertical extension compared with stratiform precipitation and the convective rain top rises most rapidly between
noon and afternoon. However, there are two distinctive sub-regions. The diurnal phases of precipitation there are very weakly
dependent on precipitation type and duration time. Over the eastern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau, the maximum rain rate
and the highest profile of either convective or stratiform precipitation occur in the late-night. Over the southeastern coastal
regions, both the near surface rain rate and rain top of convective and stratiform precipitation peak in the late-afternoon. 相似文献
20.
基于1998—2013年的TRMM (tropical rainfall measuring mission) 数据,分析青藏高原闪电活动与降水气候特征及时空对应关系,结果表明:青藏高原 (简称高原) 的闪电活动中心在高原中部和东北部,中部最大闪电密度达到6.2 fl·km-2·a-1;但高原降水最活跃的区域是东南部,年降水量超过800 mm。闪电活动和降水随月份均呈现出先西进再东退的特征,但高原东北部强闪电活动区位置几乎不变化。在固定区域闪电和降水月变化具有一致性,活跃期出现在5—9月,呈单峰结构,除西部和东南部外,闪电与降水峰值月份吻合。结合TRMM降水特征 (简称PFs) 资料研究单个闪电表征降水量 (rainyield per flash,RPF) 的空间分布特征表明,闪电活动可以作为高原深对流的指示因子,而RPF可以有效表征深对流系统在整个降水系统中的比例。高原中西部和东北部深对流系统在整个降水系统中的比例最大,而在高原东南部最小,高原东南部的降水更多由暖云降水系统贡献。 相似文献