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1.
在东南极普里兹湾拉斯曼丘陵地区变泥质岩和长英质片麻岩中，定向分布着透镜状、扁豆状和香肠状镁铁质、超镁铁质麻粒岩。这些岩石主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征显示其原岩化学成分具镁铁质堆晶岩特征，并可能代表岩墙的构造作用残留体。在米洛半岛发现石榴子石周围有斜方辉石和斜长石的反应边，斜方辉石和斜长石由下述反应形成：石榴子石＋石英→斜方辉石＋斜长石。这个反应为减压反应，应用地质温压计确定其温度和压力分别为７４７±４８°Ｃ和６．３±０．５ｋｂａｒ，本文首次应用石榴子石－斜方辉石－斜长石－石英组合确立本区早期中压麻粒岩相事件的存在。本文还对镁铁质麻粒岩的原岩成因及矿物中的减压结构所代表的构造意义进行了探讨 相似文献
2.
Geology of Gjelsvikfjella and western Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land, east Antarctica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
As a part of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1984/85, geological mapping was performed in Gjelsvikfjella and western Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land. The northern part of Gjelsvikfjella is dominated by the Jutulsessen metasupracrustals which have been intruded by a major gabbroic body and several generations of dykes. To the south the metasupracrustals gradually transform into the Risemedet migmatites. In western Mühlig-Hofmannfjella the bedrock is dominated by the large Svarthamaren Charnockite batholith. The batholith is bordered by the Snøtoa metamorphic complex outcropping to the south and west in Mühlig-Hofmannfjella and it is characterized by a high content of partly assimilated country rock inclusions. Mineral paragenesis and geothermometry/geobarometry suggest a two-stage tectonothermal-igneous history with an initial intermediate pressure, upper amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism followed by high temperature transformations related to the charnockite intrusion. The age of the initial tectonothermal event is probably about 1,100 Ma. Geochronological work in the present study (Rb/Sr whole rock) gave an age of 500 ± 24 Ma for the Svarthamaren Charnockite, interpreted to record the age of crystallization. Late brittle faulting and undeformed dolerite dykes outcropping in Jutulsessen are believed to be related to Mesozoic crustal stretching in the Jutulstraumen-Pencksøkket Rift Zone to the west. 相似文献
3.
Reidar Løvlie 《Geophysical Journal International》1979,59(3):529-537
Summary. Thermal and alternating field demagnetization of oriented samples of Mesozoic lava flows (200–230 Myr) and dykes (154–172Myr) collected from seven nunataks within the Vestfjella region, Dronning Maud Land, revealed stable directions of magnetization of normal and reverse polarity. Directional distributions of both polarities define tight groups along the same palaeomagnetic axis. Depending on whether the regional westward dip of the lava flows originated prior to, or after the intrusive igneous phase, two or one, respectively, palaeomagnetic pole(s) can be estimated. Both poles, however, are in general accord with previous Mesozoic poles from East Antarctica. 相似文献
4.
5.
LAURITZ SøMME 《Polar research》1986,4(2):225-229
Data on the occurrence of Eupodes angardi Strandtmann & Sømme, Tydeus erebus Strandtmann (Acari, Prostigmata), and Cryptopygus sverdrupi Lawrence (Collerabola) in Gjelsvikfjella and Muhlig-Hofmannfjella, as well as of Maudheimia wilsoni Dalenius (Acari, Cryptostigmata) in H.U. Sverdrupfjella and Gjelsvikfjella are presented. The four species differ in their distribution. While E. angardi, C. sverdrupi and M. wilsoni may be limited to central mountain ranges in Dronning Maud Land, T. erebus has been reported from 55°W to 80°E on the Antarctic Continent. 相似文献
6.
《Polar Science》2014,8(3):264-282
The glacial diamicts deposited in the Jutulsessen area of Gjelsvikfjella, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica show the effects of localized meltwater channels and wind processes, as well as of the dominant glacial processes. These glacial sediments are characterized by poor sorting and a variable mean particle size, and the localized meltwater channels have removed silt- and clay-sized sediments, resulting in the relative enrichment of coarser sediments. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of clay minerals in samples collected across the study area show very similar characteristics. Biotite is the dominant mica mineral in the clay together with chlorite and K-feldspar. The presence of illite, and small amounts of smectite, demonstrates the limited extent of chemical weathering due to the cold and arid conditions. The samples from the glacial fan area contain mixed-layer clays, suggesting the effects of localized meltwater and limited chemical activity which has altered the crystal structure of biotite at lower topographic level. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of surface microtextures from representative quartz grains suggest the dominance of glacial and glaciofluvial processes. The low rates of biogenic activity in this area are indicated by the low total organic carbon (TOC) content of the sediments. 相似文献
7.
The oribatid mite Maudheimia wilsoni Dalenius was found to be numerous on the underside of stones at Jutulsessen (72°S, 3'E) in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Daily temperature fluctuations of the microhabitat from as high as 19°C and to as low as – 17°C were observed during the austral summer. Optimal activity of the mites occurred at 10°C. Even in January the mean supercooling point of adult mites was as low as -30.8±4.7°C. Haemolymph osmolality ranged from 500 to 800mOsmol and thermal hystersis freezing points from −4.7 to −6.1°C. Adult mites had a mean water content of 43.6% and a water loss rate of 0.12 μgh−1 at 15°C and 10% relative humidity. 相似文献
8.
Summary. An earthquake of magnitude ( M b ) 4.5 has been located by the International Seismological Centre, near 81°S, 37°E in the continental platform of east Antarctica, about 1200 km from the coast of Dronning Maud Land, and 500 km from the Pole of Inaccessibility. The event was found by the Centre's 'search' procedure, which is undertaken with a deliberate delay of about two years. It occurred on 1982 November 4, and its position is well determined from five stations in Antarctica, and four farther afield. This is the first earthquake definitely located in the interior of the Antarctic continent, although there have been some earlier less well established claims, and other earthquakes have occurred near the coast, or associated with areas of volcanism or ice movement. 相似文献
9.
Spectroradiometer measurements of solar radiation (the broadest band used 400–900 nm) were performed above and inside the surface snow layer in western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, during the austral summer of 2009–2010. The vertical distributions of transmittance and the extinction coefficient were examined from the surface to a depth of 30 cm. Physical characterization of the snowpack included measurements of thickness, density, hardness (hand test), liquid-water content, and grain size and shape (from photographs of grains). The transmittance was <1% in the upper 20 cm and <27% in the upper 10 cm. The mean spectral diffuse extinction coefficient varied between 0.04 and 0.31 cm-1 (10–20-cm layer). Using the spectral extinction coefficients of the 0–10-cm and 10–20-cm layers, the depth, where broadband (400–700-nm band) irradiance was 1% of the downwelling irradiance at the surface, was 50 cm. The density of the snow in the upper part of the snowpack (depth of 0–55 cm) varied from 300 to 440 kg m?3. The predominant grain type was large rounded particles (RGlr) and the predominant grain size was 1 mm. 相似文献
10.
Palaeomagnetic investigations and Rb–Sr dating were carried out on samples from two plutons from the Granite Harbour Intrusives of the Transantarctic Mountains inland of Terra Nova Bay. The Rb–Sr whole rock–biotite ages from Teall Nunatak (475±4, 483±4 Ma), a quartz-diorite pluton cropping out to the south of Priestley Glacier, are older than that from the Mount Keinath monzogranite (450±4 Ma), which is located to the north of the glacier. These results are consistent with the literature data, which suggest that during the last phases of the Ross Orogeny the cooling rate of the basement was significantly lower to the north than to the south of Priestley Glacier. The Teall Nunatak quartz-diorite is characterized by a stable magnetization, whose blocking-temperature spectrum ranges from 530 to 570 °C. At one site, the stable magnetization is screened by a large secondary component of opposite polarity, removed by thermal demagnetization below 300 °C. The characteristic directions after thermal demagnetization yielded a southern pole located at lat. 11°S, long. 21°E. The magnetization of Mount Keinath monzogranite consists of several components with overlapping stability spectra. A characteristic direction was isolated at one site only, obtained by demagnetizing the specimens in the temperature range from 380 to 460 °C.
Comparison with the other East Antarctica poles shows that those from Victoria Land are very well grouped and give a reliable early Ordovician palaeopole (lat. 5°S, long. 23°E, with K =196 and A95 =3.7°), whereas the poles from Wilkes, Enderby and Dronning Maud Land are dispersed. We tentatively advance the hypothesis that the dispersion reflects different magnetization ages due to the slow cooling of these regions during the last stages of the Ross Orogeny. 相似文献
Comparison with the other East Antarctica poles shows that those from Victoria Land are very well grouped and give a reliable early Ordovician palaeopole (lat. 5°S, long. 23°E, with K =196 and A
11.
东南极内部发育毛德和普里兹两条新元古代晚期-早古生代(泛非期)造山带,这两条造山带中均发育大量同-后构造花岗岩类。本文系统总结了以往东南极泛非期花岗岩类的岩石学、地球化学和年代学方面的研究成果,对不同地区岩体的岩石类型、岩浆源区及形成的构造环境进行了对比研究。结果表明：除南龙达讷山为I型花岗岩外,大部分花岗岩类表现出与碰撞造山作用相关的A型(或S型)花岗岩的特征。泛非期岩浆作用与区域高级变质作用的时代吻合(600-500 Ma)。两条造山带中泛非期岩浆作用与碰撞后岩石圈减薄、岩浆底侵以及上地壳的伸展垮塌相联系,均具有碰撞造山带的构造演化特点。所以,冈瓦纳超大陆的形成很可能是通过西冈瓦纳、印度－南极陆块和澳大利亚－南极陆块等三个陆块沿着两条造山带(毛德造山带和普里兹造山带)近于同期发生拼合碰撞的结果。 相似文献
12.
提要：距我国中山站以南约400 km的格罗夫山是普里兹造山带向南极内陆的延伸部分,其基底地体由约在920?910 Ma期间侵入的镁铁质－长英质火成岩和少量中元古代的沉积岩构成,这些岩石仅在泛非期（约570?500 Ma）经历了单相变质－构造旋回,因此是一个典型的泛非期变质地体。泛非期高峰变质作用并不象前人所认为的那样仅为中低压麻粒岩相,而是高达770?840?C、1.18?1.40 GPa,并在随后经历了近等温减压（约0.6 GPa）的P-T演化过程。大规模的A型紫苏花岗岩和花岗岩在同造山－后造山阶段侵位,并造成了麻粒岩地体近等压降温的P-T轨迹。这些花岗质岩石是由长期富集地幔的底侵物质（碱性玄武质岩石）经部分溶融而形成的。结合相邻地质体的研究资料,我们认为普里兹造山带可能发育在太古宙－格林维尔期基底地体之上,这些基底地体可能与新元古代（？）盖层卷入到了统一的泛非期造山作用过程。在泛非期造山作用过程中,地壳曾被增厚约达40?50 km,而后又经历了厚约20 km的地壳伸展垮塌和剥蚀。所以,普里兹造山带应代表东冈瓦纳陆块内部由板块缝合作用所形成的一条泛非期碰撞造山带。 相似文献
13.
~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar IsOTOPIC DATING THE BIOTITES FROM THE IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS OF THE ZHONGSHAN STATION AREA 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Zhongshan Station of China is located in the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. Low pressure granulite facies gneisses together with late granites are outcroped in the region. Three biotite samples from a garnet segregation, a syenogranite and a granite-pegmetite were measured with ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar incremental heating technique. Biotites from the garnet segregation give an ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar plateau age of 504±1Ma. Biotites from the syenogranite yield an ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar plateau age of 494±1 Ma. Biotites from the granite-pegmatite give an ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar plateay age of 486±1Ma. They verify 500 Ma thermal event called "Pan African event" by previous K-Ar and Rb-Sr data. They are cooling ages of the biotites when the paleogeotherm of the area droped to the K-Ar closure temperature for biotite. 相似文献
14.
Spatial variability of chemical tracers in surface snow along the traverse route from the coast to 1000 km inland at east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Toshitaka Suzuki Yoshinori Iizuka Teruo Furukawa Kenichi Matsuoka Kokichi Kamiyama Okitsugu Watanabe 《极地研究》2003,14(1):48-56
We measured the spatial variability of Cl -, Na +, SO 2- 4, NO - 3 and 7Be concentrations in snow cover along the traverse route from S16 to Dome Fuji station in east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The concentrations of Cl - and Na + at the coast exponentially decreased with distance from the coast up to 200 km inland. Between 200 1000 km inland, the concentrations of Na + were nearly constant. On the other hand, the concentrations of Cl - increased with distance beyond 750 km inland. Furthermore, the contribution factors between Cl - and Na + decreased and the Cl -/Na + ratio and the nssCl -/Cl - ratio increased toward the interior of the continent. These results indicate that sea salt aerosols are transported from the coastal region toward the inland region of the Antarctic continent, and that a source of Cl - other than sea salt exists in the inland plateau of Antarctica. The concentrations of SO 2- 4, NO - 3 and 7Be in snow were relatively high in the coastal region and the inland plateau region compared with those in the katabatic wind region. 相似文献
15.
Information about the spatial variations of snow properties and of annual accumulation on ice sheets is important if we are to understand the results obtained from ice cores, satellite remote sensing data and changes in climate patterns. The layer structure and spatial variations of physical properties of surface snow in western Dronning Maud Land were analysed during the austral summers 1999/2000, 2000/01 and 2003/04 in five different snow zones. The measurements were performed in shallow (1–2 m) snow pits along a transect extending 350 km from the seaward edge of the ice shelf to the polar plateau. These pits covered at least the last annual accumulation and ranged in elevation from near sea level to 2500 m a.s.l. The Ø18 O values and accumulation rates had a good linear correlation with the distance from the coast. The mean accumulation on the ice shelf was 312±28 mm water equivalent (w.e.); in the coastal region it was 215±43 mm w.e. and on the polar plateau it was 92±25 mm w.e. The mean annual conductivity and grain size values decreased exponentially with increasing distance from the ice edge, by 48%/100 km and 18%/100 km respectively. The mean grain size varied between 1.5 and 1.8 mm. Depth hoar layers were a common phenomenon, especially under thin ice crusts, and were associated with low dielectric constant values. 相似文献
16.
Seismic anisotropy beneath Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, revealed by shear wave splitting 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bettina Bayer Christian Müller David W. Eaton Wilfried Jokat 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,171(1):339-351
Shear wave splitting analyses have been carried out using teleseismic data from broad-band seismograph stations deployed at temporary and permanent locations in Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica. In most cases, the observed anisotropy can be related to major tectonic events that formed the present-day Antarctic continent. We rule out an anisotropic contribution from recent asthenospheric flow. At the Russian base Novolazarevskaya near the coast in central DML, waveform inversion suggests a two-layer model where the fast direction of the upper layer is oriented parallel to Archean fabrics in the lithosphere, whereas the anisotropy of the lower layer is interpreted to have been created during the Jurassic Gondwana break-up. Recordings at the South African base Sanae IV, however, show enigmatic results. For narrow backazimuthal segments, splitting parameters show strong variations together with a multitude of isotropic measurements, indicative of complex scattering that cannot be explained by simple one- or two-layer anisotropic models. In the interior of the continent, the data are consistent with single-layer anisotropy, but show significant spatial variations in splitting parameters. A set of temporary stations across the Heimefront shear zone in western DML yield splitting directions that we interpret as frozen anisotropy from Proterozoic assembly of the craton. An abrupt change in fast axis direction appears to mark a suture between the Grunehogna craton, a fragment of the Kalahari–Kaapvaal craton in southern Africa and the Mesoproterozoic Maudheim Province. 相似文献
17.
东南极格罗夫山存在一套经历了峰期麻粒岩相变质作用的镁铁质麻粒岩和斜长角闪岩。对含石榴石的镁铁质麻粒岩的详细研究则显示了近等温降压 (ITD)的顺时针PT演化轨迹 ,与拉斯曼丘陵有相似的演化历史。岩石的主量元素组成和玄武岩一致 ,并且具有拉斑玄武岩演化趋势。进一步的地球化学研究表明 ,这套玄武岩为洋岛型玄武岩 (OIB)和洋中脊型玄武岩(MORB)的组合。OIB型具有大体类似的地球化学性质 ,它们均富集Ti(TiO2 =2 .68% )、REE( =2 0 2 μg/g)、LREE[(La/Yb) N=4.8]、Ti/Y( =343)、Zr/Y( =3.1 ) ,具洋岛玄武岩的特征 ,推测岩浆来源于富集地幔源区 (EM)。而MORB型以低Ti (TiO2 =1 .1 %— 1 .31 % ) ,明显低于OIB的P的含量 (P2 O5=0 .1 %— 0 .2 % ) ,低REE ( 4 7— 93μg/g)、LREE/HREE( 2 .2 7— 2 .5 4 )、(La/Yb) N( =1 .30— 1 .62 )为特征 ,具洋中脊玄武岩的特征。MORB和OIB组合的出现说明在泛非期该区可能存在过洋盆。 相似文献
18.
Vladimir G. Dvoretsky 《Polar Science》2011,5(3):361-373
The spatial distribution of Calanus species was examined near Franz Josef Land archipelago in August 2006 and 2007. Surface and bottom water temperatures exceeded the average multiannual values. Calanus species dominated the total mesozooplankton abundance and biomass, accounting for 818 ± 178 individuals m−3 (mean ± SE) and 803 ± 163 mg wet weight (WW) m−3, respectively, in 2006. In 2007, the values were much lower (153 ± 29 individuals m−3 and 192 ± 17 mg WW m−3, respectively), reflecting the weaker influence of warm Atlantic water that year. Calanus glacialis dominated the Calanus populations, contributing 95% and 60% of the biomass in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Older copepodite stages (CIV–CV) predominated in the C. finmarchicus (69% and 76%, respectively) and C. hyperboreus populations (80% and 77%, respectively), whereas young copepodites (CI–CIII) were predominant in C. glacialis (45% and 59%, respectively). A clear negative relationship between the average water temperature and the total Calanus biomass was observed in 2006, whereas a positive correlation between these parameters was observed in 2007. The distributions of three Calanus species off Franz Josef Land were mainly associated with hydrological conditions and circulation patterns. 相似文献
19.
To inform the future practices to be employed for handling waste water and grey water at the Swedish Antarctic station, Wasa, in Dronning Maud Land, the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat took the initiative to survey the practices of the 28 nations with stations in Antarctica. A questionnaire was sent out to all members of the Antarctic Environment Officers Network during the autumn of 2005. Questions were asked about the handling of waste water and grey water, the type of sewage treatment, and installation and operational costs. The response to the questionnaire was very good (79%), and the results showed that 37% of the permanent stations and 69% of the summer stations lack any form of treatment facility. When waste water and grey water containing microorganisms are released, these microorganisms can remain viable in low-temperature Antarctic conditions for prolonged periods. Microorganisms may also have the potential to infect and cause disease, or become part of the gut flora of local bird and mammal populations, and fish and marine invertebrates. The results from 71 stations show that much can still be done by the 28 nations operating the 82 research stations in Antarctica. The technology exists for effective waste water treatment in the challenging Antarctic conditions. The use of efficient technology at all permanent Antarctic research stations would greatly reduce the human impact on the pristine Antarctic environment. In order to protect the Antarctic environment from infectious agents introduced by humans, consideration should also be given to preventing the release of untreated waste water and grey water from the smaller summer stations. 相似文献
20.
Sapphirine is a metamorphic mineral that forms in the deep crust in rocks with distinctive bulk compositions, in particular high concentrations of Mg and Al. This study investigates a thin, discontinuous layer of sapphirine-bearing garnet-orthopyroxene (SGO) granulite within a Palaeoproterozoic mafic granulite together with metamorphosed mafic and ultramafic rocks, micaceous rocks rich in magnetite and pyrite, and marble. All of these rocks occur within a low-strain zone in the Lewisian complex of South Harris, NW Scotland. Data on mineral compositions and major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) patterns provide evidence for the origin of the precursor of the SGO granulite. The host mafic granulite has a trace element signature and REE pattern comparable with that of E-type MORB. The chemical abundances of Nb, Ta, La, Ce, Nd, Zr, Hf, Ti, and V in the SGO granulite, except for one sample that records total element loss, are similar to those of the host mafic granulite; however, in terms of whole-rock element abundances, the former is relatively enriched in MgO and depleted in CaO, Na2O, MnO, Sr, and Eu. Elements within the SGO granulite that were apparently unaffected by hydrothermal alteration—V, Y, Zr, and Cr—are within the range of values observed in the host mafic granulite. Sm–Nd whole-rock isotope systematics suggest that both the host mafic granulite and SGO granulite were metamorphosed at 1.9 Ga, and the Nd initial ratio is consistent with a MORB source at that time. There is no significant difference in the Nd values of the two rock types, suggesting that they originally belonged to the same protolith. Chemical trends within a narrow zone between the SGO and host rock granulite suggest that the former was derived from a basaltic precursor of the latter by a process of infiltration metasomatism, comparable with the chemical exchange that takes place when hydrothermal fluids in present-day oceanic crust pass through vents in a “recharge zone.” The geological and chemical relations observed in the South Harris rocks are consistent with the following model: hydrothermally altered oceanic basaltic crust was trapped in an accretionary wedge and subducted, followed by granulite-facies metamorphism in a deep continental environment during arc–continent collision. This is the first report of hydrothermally altered oceanic crust that was converted to sapphirine-bearing granulite deep in the continental crust. 相似文献