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1.
Electron and ion temperature (Te and Ti) data observed using RPA on board SROSS C2 satellite are investigated for the variation with local time, season, latitude (0–30°N geographic) over a half of a solar cycle (1995–2000). The nighttime Te (∼1000 K) is independent of the season and the solar flux whereas Ti exhibits positive correlation with the solar activity during all three seasons. In the early morning hours during summer, Te is higher by ∼500 K than other seasons in all three levels of solar activity. During winter and equinox in the early morning hours, Te and Ti are higher during low solar activity, showing a negative correlation with solar flux. During daytime, the Ti increases with the solar flux in winter and summer solstice, but is independent in equinox. IRI underestimates Te and Ti during the morning period by 50–75% in the equatorial and near-equatorial stations during all levels of solar activities.  相似文献   

2.
Diurnal and seasonal variations of bottom side electron density profile shape parameters B0, B1, representing the bottom side F2-layer thickness and shape, are examined using modern digital ionosonde observations at a low-middle latitude station, New Delhi (28.6°N, 77.2°E, dip 42.4°N) for high solar activity (HSA) (2001–2002). Median values of these parameters are obtained at each hour during different seasons and compared with the predictions of the latest version of the international reference ionosphere (IRI), IRI-2001 model using both the options namely: IRI (Gulyaeva) and IRI (B0 Tab.). Results show in general, a large variability in B0, and B1 parameters during all the seasons, the variability is larger during nighttime than by daytime. The diurnal variation of median B0, in general, show more or less similar trends with diurnal maximum occurring around noontime, except during summer, when it occurs between 09 and 10 LT. Variation pattern of B1 in general, is identical in all the seasons with lower values of B1 by daytime than by night. Comparative studies of B0 with those obtained with the IRI model show that in general, IRI (B0 Tab.) option reveals better agreement with the observations during all the seasons for local times from about 10 LT to about 16 LT, while outside this time period IRI (Gulyaeva) matches well with the observations. The predicted B1 parameter, using IRI (B0 Tab.) is close to observations in terms of diurnal variation, while B1 using IRI (Gulyaeva) option, assumes a fixed value of 3 at all local times irrespective of season.  相似文献   

3.
The GPS-derived total electron content (TEC) and NmF2 are measured at the Chung-Li ionosonde station (24.9°N, 121°E) in order to study the variations in slab thickness (τ) of the ionosphere at low-latitudes ionosphere during 1996–1999, corresponding to half of the 23rd solar cycle. This study presents the diurnal, seasonal, and solar flux variations in τ for different solar phases. The seasonal variations show that the average daily value is greater during summer and the reverse is true during equinox in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region. Moreover, the τ values are greater during the daytime (0800–1600 LT) and nighttime (2000–0400 LT) for summer and winter, respectively. The diurnal variation shows two abnormal peaks that appear during the pre-sunrise and post-sunset hours. The peak values decrease as the sunspot number increases particularly for the pre-sunrise peak. Furthermore, the variation in the F-peak height (hpF2) indicates that a thermospheric wind toward the equator leads to an increase in hpF2 and an enhancement in τ during the pre-sunrise period. Furthermore, the study shows the variations of τ values for different geophysical conditions such as the geomagnetic storm and earthquake. A comprehensive discussion about the relation between τ and the geophysical events is provided in the paper.  相似文献   

4.
Using digital ionosonde observations at low-latitude station, Delhi (28.6 N, 77.2 E, mag. dip 42.4 N), the diurnal and seasonal variations of the critical frequency of F2 layer (foF2) are analyzed from August 2000 to July 2001 during a high solar activity period. Also, noontime bottomside electron density (Ne-h) profiles, below the F2-peak, are derived from ionogram, using the POLAN (Report UAG-93, WDC-A, for Solar Terrestrial Physics, Boulder, Co.) program during the same period, and these profiles are then normalized to the peak height and density (hmF2, NmF2) of the F2-region. These observations are used to assess the predictability of the International Reference Ionosphere, IRI-2000 model (Radio Sc. 36(2) (2001) 261). Results show in general, a large variability, (1σ, σ is standard deviation), in foF2 during nighttime than daytime during winter and equinox, the variability of foF2 about the mean is about ±25% by night and ±15% by day. The IRI model shows a fairly good agreement with foF2 observations during daytime, however during nighttime, the discrepancies between the two exist. Comparative studies of the normalized observed profiles with those obtained with the IRI model (Bilitza, 2001) using both the options namely: Gulyaeva's (Adv. Space Res. 7 (1987) 39) model and B0-Table (Adv. Space Res. 25(1) (2000) 89), show that during all the seasons, in general, the B0-Tab option, reveals a better agreement with the observations, while the IRI model using Gulyaeva's option, overestimates the electron density distribution during summer and equinox, however, during winter, the model is close to the observations. The comparisons of average profile shape parameters (B0,B1) derived from noontime observed profiles, with those obtained, using B0-Tab option, in the IRI model, show a good agreement during all the seasons. However, B0, B1 obtained, using Gulyaeva's option in the IRI model, show a disagreement with the derived B0, B1 values during all the seasons, except during winter, for B0 parameter.  相似文献   

5.
Modern digital ionosonde measurements at low–middle latitude station, New Delhi, India, are used to assess the IRI-2007 model for the bottomside profile shape parameters B0 and B1 during solar minimum. Comparative analysis shows that in general, the IRI (B0 Table) option reveals better agreement with the B0 observations during daytime in all the seasons, while outside this time period, the IRI (Gulyaeva) predicted B0 values are closer to the observations. For B1 parameter, both the options in the IRI reproduce similar diurnal variations in all the seasons and are closer to observed values except during pre-sunrise and post-sunset hours.  相似文献   

6.
In this paper, we investigate the solar flare effects of the ionosphere at middle latitude with a one-dimensional ionosphere theoretical model. The measurements of solar irradiance from the SOHO/Solar EUV Monitor (SEM) and GOES satellites have been used to construct a simple time-dependent solar flare spectrum model, which serves as the irradiance spectrum during solar flares. The model calculations show that the ionospheric responses to solar flares are largely related to the solar zenith angle. During the daytime most of the relative increases in electron density occur at an altitude lower than 300 km, with a peak at about 115 km, whereas around sunrise and sunset the strongest ionospheric responses occur at much higher altitudes (e.g. 210 km for a summer flare). The ionospheric responses to flares in equinox and winter show an obvious asymmetry to local midday with a relative increase in total electron content (TEC) in the morning larger than that in the afternoon. The flare-induced TEC enhancement increases slowly around sunrise and reaches a peak at about 60 min after the flare onset.  相似文献   

7.
The monthly median values of the height of peak electron density of the F2-layer (hmF2) derived from ionosonde measurements at three high latitude stations, namely Narssarssuaq (NAR) (61.2 °N, 314.6 °E), Sondrestrom (SON) (67°N, 309.1°E) and College (COL) (69.9°N, 212.2°E) were analyzed and compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2001) model, using Comité Consultatif International des Radio communications) (CCIR and Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale (URSI) options. The analysis covers hmF2 values for March Equinox (February, March, April), June Solstice (May, June, July), September Equinox (August, September, October), and December Solstice (November, December, January), during periods of high (2000–2001), medium (2004–2005) and low (2007–2008) solar activity. Generally, the IRI-2001 prediction follow fairly well the diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the observed values of hmF2 at all the stations. However, IRI-2001 overestimates and underestimates hmF2 at different times of the day for all solar activity periods and in all the seasons considered. The percentage deviation never exceeded 20%, except during DEC SOLS at COL and SON and during MARCH EQUI at SON during low solar activity period. For all solar activity periods considered, both the URSI and CCIR options of the IRI-2001 model give hmF2 values close to the ones measured, but the URSI option performed better than the CCIR option.  相似文献   

8.
We use the measurements of the Jicamarca digisonde to examine the variations in F2 layer peak electron density (NmF2), its height (hmF2), and the F2 layer thickness parameter (B0) near the dip equator. The hourly ionograms during geomagnetic quiet-conditions for a 12-month period close to the maximum solar activity, April 1999–March 2000, are used to calculate the monthly averages of these parameters, for each month. The averages are compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)-2001 model values. The results show that the higher hmF2 values during daytime, associated with the upward velocity, are mainly responsible for the greater values of NmF2 and B0; while the nighttime lower hmF2, related to the downward velocity, are responsible for the smaller NmF2 and B0. For daytime, hmF2 and NmF2 are correlated with the solar activity in the equinoctial and summer months. The hmF2 and B0 peaks at sunset with an associated sharp decrease in NmF2 are presented in the equinoctial and summer months, but not in the winter months. Comparison of the measured hmF2 values with the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) maps used in IRI-2001 (IRI-CCIR) reveals an IRI overestimate in hmF2 during daytime. The most significant discrepancy is that the IRI-CCIR does not model the post-sunset peak in hmF2. For the NmF2 comparison, the values obtained from both the CCIR and URSI maps are generally close to the observed values. For the B0 comparison, the highest discrepancy between the observation and the Gulyaeva option (IRI-Gulyaeva) is the location of the annual maximum for the daytime values, also the winter daytime predictions are too low. Additionally, the significant negative difference between the observation and the B0-table option (IRI-B0-table) provides a slightly better prediction, except for 0400–1000 LT when the model significantly overestimates. The post-sunset peak in B0 at some months is predicted by neither the IRI-Gulyaeva nor the IRI-B0-table options.  相似文献   

9.
A study on variability of the equatorial ionosphere was carried out at fixed heights below the F2 peak for two different levels of solar activity. The study covered height range of 100 km up to the peak of F2 layer using a real height step increase of 10 km. The variability index used is the percentage ratio of standard deviation over the average value for the month. Daytime minimum variability of between 3% and 10% was observed at height range of about 150–210 km during low solar activity and between 2% and 7% at height range of 160–220 km during high solar activity. The nighttime maximum of between 70% and 187% was observed at height range of about 210–250 km during low solar activity and between 42% and 127% at height range of 210–250 km during high solar activity. The height range at which daytime minimum was observed falls within the F1 height of the ionosphere. The result obtained is consistent with previous works carried out in the low latitude locations for American sector.  相似文献   

10.
《Continental Shelf Research》2005,25(9):1081-1095
The mesoscale distribution and seasonal variation of the size structure of phytoplankton biomass, as measured by chlorophyll a (chl a), was studied in the Ebro shelf area (NW Mediterranean) during three different seasons: autumn, winter and summer. In autumn and summer, when the water column was, respectively, slightly or strongly stratified and nutrient concentrations were low at surface, average total chl a values were 0.31 and 0.29 mg m−3, respectively. In winter, the intrusion of nutrients into the photic zone by intense vertical mixing and strong riverine inputs, produced an increase of the total autotrophic biomass (0.76 mg m−3). In the three seasons, the main contributor to total chl a was the picoplanktonic (<2 μm) size fraction (42% in winter and around 60% in autumn and summer). The nanophytoplankton (2–20 μm) contribution to total chl a showed the lowest variability amongst seasons (between 29% and 39%). The microplanktonic (>20 μm) chl a size fraction was higher in winter (27%) than in the other seasons (less than 13%). The maximum total chl a concentrations were found at surface in winter, at depths of 40 m in autumn and between 50 and 80 m in summer. The relative contribution of the <2 μm size fraction at these levels of the water column tended to be higher than at other depths in autumn and winter and lower in summer. In autumn and winter, nutrient inputs from Ebro river discharge and mixing processes resulted in an increase on the >2 μm contribution to total chl a in the coastal zone near the Ebro Delta area. In summer, the contribution of the <2 and >2 μm chl a size fractions was homogeneously distributed through the sampling area. In autumn and summer, when deep chl a maxima were observed, the total amount of the autotrophic biomass in the superficial waters (down to 10 m) of most offshore stations was less than 10% of the whole integrated chl a (down to 100 m or to the bottom). In winter, this percentage increased until 20% or 40%. The >2 μm chl a increased linearly with total chl a values. However, the <2 μm chl a showed a similar linear relationship only at total chl a values lower than 1 mg m−3 (in autumn and summer) or 2 mg m−3 (winter). At higher values of total chl a, the contribution of the <2 μm size fraction remained below an upper limit of roughly 0.5 mg m−3. Our results indicate that the picoplankton fraction of phytoplankton may show higher seasonal and mesoscale variability than is usually acknowledged.  相似文献   

11.
A database of the electron temperature (Te) comprising of most of the available LEO satellite measurements is used for studying the solar activity variations of Te. The Te data are grouped for two levels of solar activity (low LSA and high HSA), five altitude ranges between 350 and 2000 km, and day and night. By fitting a theoretical expression to the Te values we obtain variation of Te along magnetic field lines and heat flux for LSA and HSA. We have found that Te increases with increase in solar activity at low and mid-latitudes during nighttime at all altitudes studied. During daytime the Te response to solar activity depends on latitude, altitude, and season. This analysis shows existence of anti-correlation between Te and solar activity at mid-latitudes below 700 km during the equinox and winter day hours. Heat fluxes show small latitudinal dependence for daytime but substantial for nighttime.  相似文献   

12.
The ionospheric slab thickness, the ratio of the total electron content (TEC) to the F2-layer peak electron density (NmF2), is closely related to the shape of the ionospheric electron density profile Ne (h) and the TEC. Therefore, the ionospheric slab thickness is a significant parameter representative of the ionosphere. In this paper, the continuous GPS observations in South Korea are firstly used to study the equivalent slab thickness (EST) and its seasonal variability. The averaged diurnal medians of December–January–February (DJF), March–April–May (MAM), June–July–August (JJA) and September–October–November (SON) in 2003 have been considered to represent the winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons, respectively. The results show that the systematic diurnal changes of TEC, NmF2 and EST significantly appeared in each season and the higher values of TEC and NmF2 are observed during the equinoxes (semiannual anomaly) as well as in the mid-daytime of each season. The EST is significantly smaller in winter than in summer, but with a consistent variation pattern. During 14–16 LT in daytime, the larger EST values are observed in spring and autumn, while the smaller ones are in summer and winter. The peaks of EST diurnal variation are around 10–18 LT which are probably caused by the action of the thermospheric wind and the plasmapheric flow into the F2-region.  相似文献   

13.
Seasonal variations in the auroral E-region neutral wind for different solar activity periods are studied. This work is based on neutral wind data obtained over 56 days between 95–119 km altitude under geomagnetic quiet conditions (Ap<16) during one solar cycle by the European Incoherent Scatter radar located in northern Scandinavia. In general, the meridional mean wind shifts northward, and the zonal mean wind increases in eastward amplitude from winter to summer. The zonal mean wind blows eastward in the middle and lower E-region for each season and for each solar condition except for the equinox, where the zonal mean wind blows westward at and below 104 km. Solar activity dependence of the mean wind exists during the winter and equinox seasons, while in summer it is less prominent. Under high solar activity conditions, the altitude profiles of the horizontal mean winds in winter and the equinoxes tend to resemble those in summer. The horizontal diurnal tide is less sensitive to solar activity except during summer when the meridional amplitude increases by ∼10 m s−1 and the corresponding phase shifts to a later time period (1–2 h) during high solar activity. Seasonal dependence of the semidiurnal tide is complex, but is found to vary with solar activity. Under low solar activity conditions the horizontal semidiurnal amplitude shows seasonal dependence except at upper E-region heights, while under high solar activity conditions it becomes less sensitive to seasonal effects (except for the meridional component above 107 km). Comparisons of mean winds with LF and UARS observations are made, and the driving forces for the horizontal mean winds are discussed for various conditions.  相似文献   

14.
The results derived from processing vertical-incidence ionograms obtained with the chirp-ionosonde at Irkutsk for different winter time intervals (February) and at equinox are presented. The peak height hmF2 was determined by Dudeney's formula based on ionogram parameters, including the coefficient M(3000). The algorithm is suggested for determining the coefficient M(3000) in the automatic mode using the conventional form of the transfer curve method without invoking a standard transparency called the “transfer curve”. The parameters foF2 and hmF2 are compared with the international reference ionosphere (IRI-95) model. It is found that in most cases the values of the foF2 and hmF2 parameters, calculated in the IRI-95 model, are similar to the median ones. It is confirmed that for practical purposes where it is necessary to know the radio wave propagation conditions along the propagation path, the IRI model is convenient and attractive.  相似文献   

15.
Arecibo (18.4 N, 66.7 W) incoherent scatter (IS) observations of electron density N(h) are compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-95) during midday (10/14 h), for summer, winter and equinox, at solar maximum (1981). The N(h) profiles below the F2 peak, are normalized to the peak density NmF2 of the F region and are then compared with the IRI-95 model using both the standard B0 (old option) and the Gulyaeva-B0 thickness (new option). The thickness parameter B0 is obtained from the observed electron density profiles and compared with those obtained from the IRI-95 using both the options. Our studies indicate that during summer and equinox, in general, the values of electron densities at all the heights given by the IRI model (new option), are generally larger than those obtained from IS measurements. However, during winter, the agreement between the IRI and the observed values is reasonably good in the bottom part of the F2 layer but IRI underestimates electron density at F1 layer heights. The IRI profiles obtained with the old option gives much better results than those generated with the new option. Compared to the observations, the IRI profiles are found to be much thicker using Gulyaeva-B0 option than using standard B0.  相似文献   

16.
The stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic features of precipitation in Taiwan, an island located at the western Pacific monsoon area, are presented from nearly 3,500 samples collected during the past decade for 20 stations. Results demonstrate that moisture sources from diverse air masses with different isotopic signals are the main parameter in controlling the precipitation's isotope characteristics. The air mass from polar continental (Pc) region contributes the precipitation with high deuterium excess values (up to 23‰) and relatively enriched isotope compositions (e.g., ? 3.2‰ for δ18O) during the winter with prevailing northeasterly monsoon. By contrast, air masses from equatorial maritime (Em) and tropical maritime (Tm) supply the precipitation with low deuterium excess values (as low as about 7‰) and more depleted isotope values (e.g., ? 8.9‰ and ? 6.0‰ for δ18O of Tm and Em, respectively) during the summer with prevailing southwesterly monsoon. Thus seasonal differences in terms of δ18O, δD, and deuterium excess values are primarily influenced by the interactions among various precipitation sources. While these various air masses travel through Taiwan, secondary evaporation effects further modify the isotope characteristics of the inland precipitation, such as raindrop evaporation (reduces the deuterium excess of winter precipitation) and moisture recycling (increases the deuterium excess of summer precipitation). The semi-quantitative estimations in terms of evaluation for changes in the deuterium excess suggest that the raindrop evaporation fractions for winter precipitation range 7% to 15% and the proportions of recycling moisture in summer precipitation are less than 5%. Additionally, the isotopic altitude gradient in terms of δ18O for summer precipitation is ? 0.22‰/100 m, greater than ? 0.17‰/100 m of winter precipitation. The greater isotopic gradient in summer can be attributed to a higher temperature vs. altitude gradient relative to winter. The observed spatial and seasonal stable isotopic characteristics in Taiwan's precipitation not only contribute valuable information for regional monsoon research crossing the continent–ocean interface of East Asia, but also can serve as very useful database for local water resources management.  相似文献   

17.
Ionospheric electron content (IEC) observed at Delhi (geographic co-ordinates: 28.63°N, 77.22°E; geomagnetic co-ordinates: 19.08°N, 148.91E; dip Latitude 24.8°N), India, for the period 1975/80 and 1986/89 belonging to an ascending phase of solar activity during first halves of solar cycles 21 and 22 respectively have been used to study the diurnal, seasonal, solar and magnetic activity variations. The diurnal variation of seasonal mean of IEC on quiet days shows a secondary peak comparable to the daytime peak in equinox and winter in high solar activity. IECmax (daytime maximum value of IEC, one per day) shows winter anomaly only during high solar activity at Delhi. Further, IECmax shows positive correlation with F10.7 up to about 200 flux units at equinox and 240 units both in winter and summer; for greater F10.7 values, IECmax is substantially constant in all the seasons. IECmax and magnetic activity (Ap) are found to be positively correlated in summer in high solar activity. Winter IECmax shows positive correlation with Ap in low solar activity and negative correlation in high solar activity in both the solar cycles. In equinox IECmax is independent of Ap in both solar cycles in low solar activity. A study of day-to-day variations in IECmax shows single day and alternate day abnormalities, semi-annual and annual variations controlled by the equatorial electrojet strength, and 27-day periodicity attributable to the solar rotation.  相似文献   

18.
《Continental Shelf Research》1999,19(14):1755-1770
Ammonium regeneration by size-fractionated plankton was measured for 1 year at a coastal station in the shallow well-mixed waters of the western English Channel. Rates of ammonium regeneration in the <200 μm fraction varied from 0.6 to 27 nmol N l−1 h−1. On the seasonal scale, these rates were relatively low (<7 nmol N l−1 h−1) in autumn and winter, increased steadily from March to attain a maximum (27 nmol N l−1 h−1) at the end of May and thereafter decreased steadily to the seasonal minimum in December. This pattern is distinctly different from that observed in deep well-mixed waters where the peak ammonium regeneration occurs in summer (Le Corre et al., 1996, Journal of Plankton Research, 18, 355–370). Total ammonium regenerated in a year by the microheterotrophs was 15 g N m−2, equivalent to about 60% of the total nitrogen uptake. Microplankton (200–15 μm) accounted for about 50% of the regeneration measured between early spring and late summer. Percent contribution of nanoplankton to total ammonium regeneration varied considerably between the seasons, from very high (83–88%) levels in winter to very low (2–13%) levels in summer. Contribution by picoplankton (<1 μm) was high (20–45%) in summer but was less than 20% in other seasons. Ammonium regeneration in micro- and nanoplankton fractions was mainly associated with ciliates and in the picoplankton fraction with bacteria. Macrozooplankton dynamics appears to regulate ammonium regeneration by ciliates and bacteria. Low macrozooplankton biomass in spring may favour a high growth of ciliates and an associated high in ammonium regeneration. In summer, the increase in macrozooplankton may exert a grazing pressure on ciliates. This, coupled with the fact that most of the flagellates are autotrophs, would, in turn, lower the grazing pressure on the bacteria, thus favouring their development and increasing the importance of their role in ammonium regeneration. This situation, where the macrozooplankton dynamics apparently regulates ammonium regeneration in nano- and picoplankton fractions, appears to be different from that in deep well-mixed waters. Here, the relative contribution of ciliates and bacteria to ammonium regeneration shows little variation with an increase in macrozooplankton biomass.  相似文献   

19.
We report observations of seasonal and local time variation of the averaged electron and iron concentrations, as well as simultaneous measurements of the two species, above the Arecibo Observatory (18.35°N, 66.75°N), Puerto Rico. The average Fe profile between 21:00 and 24:00 LT has a single peak at about 85 km with the exception of the summer when an additional peak exists at about 95 km. The higher Fe peak in the summer is correlated with higher electron concentrations in this season. The three nights of simultaneous measurements of electron and iron concentrations show that narrow layers of Fe and electrons are well correlated. Comparison of the climatological and simultaneous Fe and electron data suggests that recombination of Fe+ plays an important role in determining the Fe profile in the upper part of the Fe layer. Above 93 km, the Fe concentration appears to increase after sunset if the electron concentration exceeds about 4000 electrons cm−3. The average rate of Fe production is about 0.1 atom cm−3 s−1 for all seasons at 100 km in the early evening hours. A chemical model reveals that the concentration of Fe+ must be 50–80% of the total ionization over Arecibo for typical equinox conditions to explain the observed rate of Fe production. These high relative Fe+ concentrations are consistent with in situ observations that Fe+ is usually the dominant ion in sporadic E layers in the nighttime lower E region. This suggests that the source of Fe+ is provided by sporadic E layers descending over Arecibo after sunset. The Fe density between 80 and 85 km decreases during the night, for all seasons. This is attributed to the formation of stable molecular Fe species, such as FeOH, due to the increase in O3 and decrease in atomic O and H during the night at these altitudes.  相似文献   

20.
北京地区电离层Chapman标高的统计分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文
利用F2层峰值处的Chapman标高Hm可以构建电离层顶部的电子浓度剖面.本文通过对北京站(40.3°N,116.2°E)从2010年1月到2014年5月的电离层频高图人工度量后获得了F2层峰值处的Chapman标高Hm,分析研究了Hm随周日、季节和太阳活动变化,并探讨了Hm与F2层特征参数foF2、hmF2以及IRI底部厚度参数B0的相关性.研究表明,(1)北京地区标高Hm的周日变化明显,在正午左右有最大值,夏季和春秋季的最小值出现在午夜左右,而冬季有两个谷值,在日出后和20:00LT左右; Hm在日出前有较小的增加,但不是很明显;(2)白天标高Hm有明显的季节变化,夏季最强,冬季最弱,而夜间的季节变化较小;(3)Hm随太阳活动的增强而增大,地磁扰动会引起Hm偏离正常水平;(4)Hm与hmF2相关性很弱,但白天和夜间各自的相关性较强,并且夜间大于白天;Hm与B0有很强的相关性;(5)由IRI2012给出的B0与Hm在冬季的相关性很小,表明IRI模式还需要进一步改进.  相似文献   

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