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1.
本文利用低高度太阳同步轨道系列卫星NOAA/POES从1996年到2006年的>0.3 MeV高能电子观测数据,分析了>0.3 MeV高能电子注入辐射带槽区的特征,研究了注入槽区事件与行星际条件、太阳活动和地磁扰动之间的联系.研究表明>0.3 MeV高能电子注入辐射带槽区事件与磁暴的发生密切相关,注入事件的发生与太阳活动的强度有一定的相关性.在此研究的基础上,本文通过分析辐射带槽区>0.3 MeV高能电子通量和Dst指数的相关性,提出了利用Dst指数推算辐射带槽区>0.3 MeV高能电子通量的方法,继而给出了可行的辐射带槽区高能电子辐射环境的预警模式. 相似文献
2.
G.L. Wrenn 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(10-11):1210-1218
Measurements of >2 MeV electrons on GOES satellites from 1986 to 2007 are used to build a graphic chronology of outer radiation belt enhancements. Daily values of L=6.6 equivalent flux are colour coded and ordered by Carrington rotation to illustrate the pattern of occurrence frequency and intensity through the two solar cycles, and to contrast the form of recurrent and non-recurrent events. Highlighted are associations with high solar wind speed and southward interplanetary magnetic field that are clearly key to the energisation process, inducing high levels of geomagnetic activity during the growth phase. The chronology is offered as a simple background reference for the specific event case studies that are needed to understand the physical processes responsible for the production and dynamics of these relativistic electrons and their consequent internal electrostatic discharge threat to spacecraft systems. It is now possible to refine an empirical model for the solar cycle variation of this threat. 相似文献
3.
M.I. Sandanger F. Søraas M. Sørbø K. Aarsnes K. Oksavik D.S. Evans 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(10-11):1126-1144
The losses of radiation belt electrons to the atmosphere due to wave–particle interactions with electromagnetic ion-cyclotron (EMIC) waves during corotating interaction region (CIR) storms compared to coronal mass ejections (CME) storms is investigated. Geomagnetic storms with extended ‘recovery’ phases due to large-amplitude Alfvén waves in the solar wind are associated with relativistic electron flux enhancements in the outer radiation belt. The corotating solar wind streams following a CIR in the solar wind contain large-amplitude Alfvén waves, but also some CME storms with high-speed solar wind can have large-amplitude Alfvén waves and extended ‘recovery’ phases. During both CIR and CME storms the ring current protons are enhanced. In the anisotropic proton zone the protons are unstable for EMIC wave growth. Atmospheric losses of relativistic electrons due to weak to moderate pitch angle scattering by EMIC waves is observed inside the whole anisotropic proton zone. During storms with extended ‘recovery’ phases we observe higher atmospheric loss of relativistic electrons than in storms with fast recovery phases. As the EMIC waves exist in storms with both extended and short recovery phases, the increased loss of relativistic electrons reflects the enhanced source of relativistic electrons in the radiation belt during extended recovery phase storms. The region with the most unstable protons and intense EMIC wave generation, seen as a narrow spike in the proton precipitation, is spatially coincident with the largest loss of relativistic electrons. This region can be observed at all MLTs and is closely connected with the spatial shape of the plasmapause as revealed by simultaneous observations by the IMAGE and the NOAA spacecraft. The observations in and near the atmospheric loss cone show that the CIR and CME storms with extended ‘recovery’ phases produce high atmospheric losses of relativistic electrons, as these storms accelerate electrons to relativistic energies. The CME storm with short recovery phase gives low losses of relativistic electrons due to a reduced level of relativistic electrons in the radiation belt. 相似文献
4.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(14):1774-1788
We investigated the role of whistler-mode chorus in accelerating outer radiation belt electrons during four moderate geomagnetic storms when data from the Polar Plasma Wave Investigation (PWI) were available. The storm time periods we examined included two storms associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs), the well-studied January 10–13, 1997 International Solar Terrestrial Physics event and the May 12–15, 1997 event. We compared these two storms with two geomagnetically active periods that were not associated with CMEs. Although strong chorus emissions were observed during all four events, the association of electron acceleration with chorus emissions is not clear. During all four events, the Polar Comprehensive Energetic Particle and Pitch Angle Distribution (CEPPAD) experiment observed increases in the fluxes of energetic electrons (0.8<E<6.4 MeV). The two events associated with CMEs featured a sudden increase in the electron fluxes above 0.8 MeV that may have been related to the impact of the CME shock wave upon the magnetosphere. The other two events featured more gradual increases in the electron fluxes over a period of several days. The data from these events indicate that the role played by resonant interactions with chorus in accelerating electrons may depend on the upstream solar wind conditions driving the storm. 相似文献
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6.
The event of March 12–19, 2009, when a moderately high-speed solar wind stream flew around the Earth’s magnetosphere and carried
millihertz ultralow-frequency (ULF) waves, has been analyzed. The stream caused a weak magnetic storm (D
st min = −28 nT). Since March 13, fluxes of energetic (up to relativistic) electrons started increasing in the magnetosphere. Comparison
of the spectra of ULF oscillations observed in the solar wind and magnetosphere and on the Earth’s surface indicated that
a stable common spectral peak was present at frequencies of 3–4 mHz. This fact is interpreted as evidence that waves penetrated
directly from the solar wind into the magnetosphere. Possible scenarios describing the participation of oscillations in the
acceleration of medium-energy (E > 0.6 MeV) and high-energy (E > 2.0 MeV) electrons in the radiation belt are discussed. Based on comparing the event with the moderate magnetic storm of
January 21–22, 2005, we concluded that favorable conditions for analyzing the interaction between the solar wind and the magnetosphere
are formed during a deep minimum of solar activity. 相似文献
7.
L. V. Tverskaya E. A. Ginzburg T. A. Ivanova N. N. Pavlov P. M. Svidsky 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2007,47(6):696-703
The dynamics of energetic electrons (E e =0.17–8 MeV) and protons (E p =1 MeV) of the outer radiation belt during the magnetic storm of May 15, 2005, at high (GOES-10 and LANL-84 geosynchronous satellites) and low (Meteor-3M polar satellite) altitudes is analyzed. The data have been compared to the density, plasma velocity, solar wind, and magnetic field measurements on the ACE satellite and geomagnetic disturbances. During the magnetic storm main phase, the nighttime boundary of the region of trapped radiation and the center of westward electrojet shifted to L ～ 3. Enhancements of only low-energy electrons were observed on May 15, 2005. The belt of relativistic electrons with a maximum at L ～ 4 was formed during the substorm, the amplitude of which reached its maximum at ～0630 UT on May 16. The results are in good agreement with the regularity relating the position of a maximum of the new relativistic electron belt, boundaries of the trapped radiation region, and extreme low-latitude position of westward electrojet center to the Dst variation amplitude. 相似文献
8.
L. V. Tverskaya S. V. Balashov N. N. Vedenkin V. V. Ivanov T. A. Ivanova D. S. Karpenko S. G. Kochura I. A. Maksimov N. N. Pavlov I. A. Rubinstein M. V. Tel’tsov D. A. Trofimchuk V. I. Tulupov V. V. Khartov 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2008,48(6):719-726
Increases in solar protons and variations in the electron and proton fluxes from the outer radiation belt are studied based on the GLONASS satellite measurements (the circular orbit at an altitude of ～20000 km with an inclination of ～65°) performed in December 2006. Indications in the channels, registered protons with energies of Ep = 3–70 MeV and electrons with energies of Ee > 0.04 and >0.8 MeV, are analyzed. The data on electrons with Ee = 0.8–1.2 MeV, measured on the Express-A3 geostationary satellite, are also presented. Before the strong magnetic storm of December 14 (|Dst|max = 146 nT), the maximum of the outer belt electrons with the energy >0.7 MeV was observed at L ～ 4.5. After the storm, the fluxes of these electrons increased by more than an order of magnitude as compared to the prestorm level, and the maximum of a “new” belt shifted to L < 4 (minimal L reached by the GLONASS orbit). Under quiet geomagnetic conditions, solar protons with the energies >3 MeV fill only high-latitude legs of the GLONASS orbit. During the strong magnetic storm of December 15, the boundary of proton penetration into the magnetosphere almost merged with the orbital maximum of the proton radiation belt. 相似文献
9.
地球外辐射带是一个高度动态变化的空间环境,辐射带电子通量的变化在磁暴期间尤为明显.要分析潜在的电子动态变化机制,需要排除绝热效应产生的影响.在以三个绝热不变量组成的相空间坐标中,利用相空间密度(PSD)可以反映电子的真实加速和损失情况.本文详细分析两颗范艾伦卫星和三颗GPS导航卫星在2013年3月的同步电子通量观测数据,发现在3月17日磁暴期间,当太阳风动压增大、行星际磁场南向时,辐射带电子通量会发生骤降.进一步将电子通量转换成电子相空间密度并利用不同第一、第二绝热不变量(μ,K)组合条件下PSD径向分布的差异性,深入探究磁暴期间辐射带电子的动态变化机制.结果表明:磁暴初期由于电子的局地加速导致PSD不断上升;磁暴主相期间,由于磁层顶阴影效应以及伴随的向外径向扩散损失导致PSD快速降低;位于不同空间位置的多颗卫星观测为明晰辐射带电子动态物理过程提供了重要的便利. 相似文献
10.
基于AE8电子辐射带模式和各地磁场模式,本文系统分析了地磁场模式、太阳风、地磁扰动、地磁轴指向对静止轨道≥2 MeV高能电子分布的影响以及静止轨道不同经度位置≥2 MeV高能电子分布的差异,并与GOES系列卫星实测结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,AE8+IGRF+T96模式所得静止轨道≥2 MeV高能电子分布结果优于AE8+IGRF+OPQ77模式或AE8+IGRF+T89模式结果,其大部分定性结果与GOES系列卫星观测结果较为一致,AE8+IGRF+T96模式所得静止轨道≥2 MeV高能电子分布与磁壳参量Lm、局地磁场B分别呈较好的负和正相关性.基于AE8+IGRF+T96模式得到在相同太阳风及地磁扰动条件下2010年每分钟静止轨道≥2 MeV高能电子通量分布结果,经分析得到：1年内每个时刻静止轨道上≥2 MeV高能电子通量最大值和最小值比值变化范围为2.50~7.51,变化主周期为1天,每天比值变化量都超过3;1年内静止轨道各经度位置每天内≥2 MeV高能电子通量最大值和最小值比值变化范围为2.98~6.00,比值随着时间和经度位置而变化;1年内同一天静止轨道各经度位置≥2 MeV高能电子日积分通量最大值出现在170°W附近,最小值出现在70°W附近,最大值与最小值的比值分布在1.86~2.13之间.以上所得静止轨道≥2 MeV高能电子分布变化主要来自Lm变化,B/B0的影响小于5%,其中B0为磁力线上磁场最小值.因此,在构建≥2 MeV高能电子分布模式时,需要考虑地磁场结构的影响,特别是Lm参数. 相似文献
11.
地球电子外辐射带对太阳与地磁活动呈现高度动态变化的响应,了解外辐射带的全球动态变化过程对于近地空间粒子辐射环境的理解认知和预测预报具有重要意义.基于卡尔曼滤波数据同化方法,本文利用范阿伦A星、B星和GOES-13和GOES-15四颗卫星的辐射带电子观测数据,分别利用三种不同维度的辐射带物理模型,将观测结果与数值结果有机融合,对2013年3月地球外辐射带电子通量的径向分布与变化进行数据同化分析.结果表明,考虑了磁层波动与辐射带电子共振作用引起的径向扩散、投掷角扩散以及能量扩散过程的三维同化模型可有效、合理地重现外辐射带电子通量的径向分布.本文进一步利用该三维同化模型对2013年一整年外辐射带电子的相空间密度分布进行重构与分析,得到了不同绝热不变量和不同地磁活动条件下电子辐射带的时空演化过程,从而为深入理解外辐射带电子的变化过程和动力学机制提供了强有力信息.通过分析同化过程中的新息矢量以及度量同化过程中观测数据在多大程度上修改了物理模型结果,还有助于定量分析现有辐射带物理模型中的源项和损失项的相对贡献以及可能忽略的物理机制或过程. 相似文献
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14.
采用GOES9卫星观测的能量大于2MeV和大于4MeV电子通量和行星际飞船ACE太阳风参数的高时间分辨率资料,以及磁暴指数Dst资料,分析了1998年4-5月期间地球同步轨道电子通量增强事件的时间和能量响应特征及其与行星际太阳风参数、磁暴和亚暴等扰动条件的对应关系.结果表明,地球同步轨道相对论性（MeV）电子通量增强事件有明显的周日变化,中午极大和午夜极小.4月22日和5月5日开始的两次大事件中,能量大于2MeV电子通量中午极大值上升到最大值的时间尺度分别约为4天和1天,中午极大值高于背景水平的持续时间分别为13天（4月22日-5月4日）和16天（5月4日-20日）以上.每次MeV电子通量增强事件的能量范围不完全相同.两次大事件的上升段都对应于磁暴的恢复相,与太阳风动压脉冲、高速流脉冲和负Bz分量关系密切. 相似文献
15.
A. Glocer G. Toth M. Fok T. Gombosi M. Liemohn 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(16):1653-1663
We have integrated the Fok radiation belt environment (RBE) model into the space weather modeling framework (SWMF). RBE is coupled to the global magnetohydrodynamics component (represented by the Block-Adaptive-Tree Solar-wind Roe-type Upwind Scheme, BATS-R-US, code) and the Ionosphere Electrodynamics component of the SWMF, following initial results using the Weimer empirical model for the ionospheric potential. The radiation belt (RB) model solves the convection–diffusion equation of the plasma in the energy range of 10 keV to a few MeV. In stand-alone mode RBE uses Tsyganenko's empirical models for the magnetic field, and Weimer's empirical model for the ionospheric potential. In the SWMF the BATS-R-US model provides the time dependent magnetic field by efficiently tracing the closed magnetic field-lines and passing the geometrical and field strength information to RBE at a regular cadence. The ionosphere electrodynamics component uses a two-dimensional vertical potential solver to provide new potential maps to the RBE model at regular intervals. We discuss the coupling algorithm and show some preliminary results with the coupled code. We run our newly coupled model for periods of steady solar wind conditions and compare our results to the RB model using an empirical magnetic field and potential model. We also simulate the RB for an active time period and find that there are substantial differences in the RB model results when changing either the magnetic field or the electric field, including the creation of an outer belt enhancement via rapid inward transport on the time scale of tens of minutes. 相似文献
16.
V. I. Degtyarev S. E. Chudnenko I. P. Kharchenko B. Tsegmed B. Xue 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2009,49(8):1208-1217
The relation of the maximal daily average values of the relativistic electron fluxes with an energy higher than 2 MeV, obtained
from the measurements on GOES geostationary satellites, during the recovery phase of magnetic storms to the solar wind parameters
and magnetospheric activity indices has been considered. The parameters of Pc5 and Pi1 geomagnetic pulsations and the relativistic
electron fluxes during the prestorm period and the main phase of magnetic storms have been used together with the traditional
indices of geomagnetic activity (A
E, K
p, D
st). A simple model for predicting relativistic electron fluxes has been proposed for the first three days of the magnetic storm
recovery phase. The predicted fluxes of the outer radiation belt relativistic electrons well correlate with the observed values
(R ∼ 0.8–0.9). 相似文献
17.
I. N. Myagkova M. I. Panasyuk Yu. I. Denisov V. V. Kalegayev A. V. Bogomolov V. O. Barinova D. A. Parunakyan L. I. Starostin 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2011,51(7):897-901
The study of variations in the electron flux in the outer Earth radiation belt (ERB) and their correlations with solar processes
is one of the important problems in the experiment with the Electron-M-Peska instrument onboard the CORONAS-Photon solar observatory.
Data on relativistic and subrelativistic electron fluxes obtained by the Electron-M-Peska in 2009 have been used to study
the outer ERB dynamics at the solar minimum. Increases in outer ERB relativistic electron fluxes, observed at an height of
550 km after weak magnetic disturbances induced by high-velocity solar wind arriving to the Earth, have been analyzed. The
geomagnetic disturbances induced by the high-velocity solar wind and that resulted in electron flux variations were insignificant:
there were no considerable storms and substorms during that period; however, several polar ground-based stations observed
an increase in wave activity. An assumption has been made that the wave activity caused the variations in relativistic electron
fluxes. 相似文献
18.
利用1988—2010年小时平均的GOES卫星数据,对地球同步轨道(GEO)相对论电子变化进行了统计分析,研究了相对论电子通量(Fe)增强事件的发展过程,探讨了利于相对论电子通量增强的太阳风和地磁活动条件.主要结论如下:(1)GEO相对论电子通量即使是峰值,也具有明显的地方时特性,最大电子通量出现在磁正午时.午/夜电子通量比率随着太阳风速度(Vsw)增加而增大;在Dst-50nT时相对论电子具有规则的地方时变化.在太阳活动下降相,电子通量与各参数的相关性较好,与其相关性最好的Vsw、Kp指数以及三次根号下的太阳风密度(N)分别出现在电子通量前39~57h、57~80h和12~24h.(2)强(日平均电子通量峰值Femax≥104 pfu)相对论电子事件,在距离太阳活动谷年前两年左右和春秋分期间发生率最高,较弱(104Femax≥103 pfu)事件无此特点;大部分强相对论电子事件中,电子通量在磁暴主相开始增加,较弱事件中则在恢复相开始回升.(3)太阳风密度变化对相对论电子事件的发展具有重要指示作用.电子通量在太阳风密度极大值后0~1天达到极小值,太阳风密度极小值后0~2天达到极大值.(4)90%以上相对论电子事件是在磁暴及高速太阳风的条件下发生的,与其伴随的行星际参数和地磁活动指数极值满足以下条件:Vswmax516km/s,Dstmin-31nT,Nmin2.8cm-3,Nmax14.1cm-3,Bzmin-2.9nT,AEmax698nT.(5)磁暴过程中,Dstmin后日平均电子通量大于103 pfu的发生概率为53%左右,强/弱相对论电子事件占总数比例分别为36%/64%左右,磁暴强度对其无影响.磁暴过程中的Vsw、N和AE指数大小对于能否引起相对论电子增强起着指示作用. 相似文献
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The relation of the fluxes of relativistic electrons in geostationary orbit during magnetic storms to the state of the magnetosphere and variations in the solar wind parameters is studied based on the GOES satellite data (1996–2000). It has been established that, in ～52–65% of all storms, the fluxes of electrons with energies higher than 0.6 and 2 MeV during the storm recovery phase are more than twice as high as the electron fluxes before a storm. It has been indicated that the probability of such cases is closely related to the prestorm level of fluxes and to a decrease in fluxes during the storm main phase. It has been found that the solar wind velocity on the day of the storm main phase and the geomagnetic activity indices at the beginning of the storm recovery phase are also among the best indicators of occurrence of storms with increased fluxes at the storm recovery phase. 相似文献