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1.
龙城仕 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(2):217-219
从实际应用角度出发,简要介绍了区域似大地水准面精化的理论和方法,并通过实例,运用精化成果进行地籍测量.通过几何水准高程与似大地水准面高程的对比,分析了区域似大地水准面精化成果在城市地籍测量中的重要性. 相似文献
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为了探讨GPS/水准点对区域似大地水准面模型的影响程度,本文提出了一种加权组合模型来建立区域似大地水准面精化模型,文中就其计算流程和建模方法进行了系统介绍,并利用C#高级编程语言编写程序对算法加以实现。以某区域似大地水准面精化实例进行试验计算和精度分析,结果表明,利用加权组合模型建立区域似大地水准面精化模型是可行的,能为工程建设提供更好的保障。 相似文献
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介绍了EGM2008或GPS水准拟合确定似大地水准面的各自优缺点,采用移去—恢复法思想,并基于EGM2008与GPS/水准点实现了区域似大地水准面精化,提出了利用Arc GIS建立区域似大地水准面的具体做法,最后通过某带状区域数据,实现了该区域精化似大地水准面的建立,并进行了精度分析,得到了较高的外符合精度。 相似文献
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引入EGM2008地球重力场模型,分析该模型在不同测区的精度。通过对测区的实测数据进行区域似大地水准面精化结果分析,研究拟合点的选择问题,总结出一种简单易行的小区域似大地水准面精化方法。 相似文献
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对《区域大地水准面精化外业作业指导书》编制情况做了介绍,阐述了外业作业的流程、方法、内容、技术要求等,有利于规范区域大地水准面精化外业生产,有助于提高产品质量。 相似文献
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本文在分析大地水准面精化的目的意义及其发展现状的前提下,阐述了确定(似)大地水准面的原理,并针对贵州山区重力资料缺乏的现实情况,探讨了确定和精化山区局部区域大地水准面的方法;尤其对在贵州山区局部区域范围运用CPS水准资料结合地球重力场模型EGM96,拟合区域大地水准面的方法进行了详细的分析和讨论.通过运用原理和方法对实... 相似文献
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文章详细讨论区域似大地水准面精化成果的外部检核与精度评定方法。通过实际数据,分析了影响似大地水准面精化成果的显著因素。 相似文献
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随着城市级似大地水准面精化工作的不断深入开展,区域似大地水准面成果精度已达到厘米级,GNSS等现代测量技术的似大地水准面成果应用也成为城市测量新的应用方向。本文介绍了溧阳市似大地水准面精化成果,并结合基于CORS的网络RTK测量进行了应用分析。 相似文献
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针对大地水准面精化问题,该文提出了基于大地水准面起伏几何性质构建精确大地水准面的方法。相对传统方法根据经验公式设计精化大地水准面分辨率,该文提出了一种顾及区域性特点的大地水准面分辨率设计方法,推导了构建厘米级大地水准面需要达到的空间分辨率计算公式。采用Alltrans EGM2008Calculator 1.00软件计算不同区域的大地水准面高程,并用坡度方法分析大地水准面的精细结构。最后以江西省大地水准面起伏为基础,采用该方法进行计算。结果表明:构建厘米级大地水准面需要达到的空间分辨率为7″,可为大地水准面精化研究提供参考。 相似文献
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理论上,大地水准面上的重力位常数W0决定了大地水准面的形状及大小。源于大地水准面重力位W0的系统误差将直接导致大地水准面的漂移,如何精确确定W0一直是大地测量学家极为感兴趣的问题。本文基于虚拟压缩恢复法,提出了一种不同于传统的确定大地水准面重力位漂移δW的方法。 相似文献
13.
Summary Satellite gradiometry is studied as a means to improve the geoid in local areas from a limited data coverage. Least-squares
collocation is used for this purpose because it allows to combine heterogeneous data in a consistent way and to estimate the
integrated effect of the attenuated spectrum. In this way accuracy studies can be performed in a general and reliable manner.
It is shown that only three second-order gradients contribute significantly to the estimation of the geoidal undulations and
that it is sufficient to have gradiometer data in a 5°×5° area around the estimation point. The accuracy of the geoid determination
is strongly dependent on the degree and order of the reference field used. An accuracy of about ±1 m can be achieved with
a reference field of (12, 12). There is an optimal satellite altitude for each reference field and this altitude may be higher
than 300 km for a field of low degree and order. The influence of measuring errors is discussed and it is shown that only
gradiometer data with accuracies better than ±0.05 E will give a significant improvement of the geoid. Finally, some results
on the combination of satellite gradiometry and terrestrial gravity measurements are given.
The proposed method seems to be well suited for local geoid determinations down to the meter range. It is especially interesting
for unsurveyed and difficult areas because no terrestrial measurements are necessary. Furthermore, it has the practical advantage
that only a local data coverage is needed. 相似文献
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Jan Kryński 《Journal of Geodesy》1979,53(1):19-36
Summary The concept of satellite-to-satellite tracking measuring the relative velocity of two orbiting satellites spaced some hundreds
kilometers on a close orbit, provides now possibilities for the investigation of the Earth’s gravity field. In the paper only
medium and short wave length effects affecting the measured relative velocity have been considered. Collocation is used in
such an analysis of local geoid improvement, because this method allows to combine heterogeneous data in a consistent way.
Covariance functions relevant for the particular case of a circular equatorial orbit are given. Two kinds of observation equations
have been formulated. The choice of observation equation with regard to satellites configuration is discussed.
It is found that it is sufficient to have a limited number of satellite-to-satellite observations in a 7o×7o area around the estimation point with distances between profiles of about 1o.5 and between the two satellites forming the pair of 200+350 km; the altitude of satellite-to-satellite observations should
be as low as possible. The accuracy of the geoid determination strongly depends on the degree and order of the reference field
used. An accuracy of about ±1 m can be achieved with an assumed reference field of (40,40).
The influence of measuring errors is discussed and it is shown that only satellite-to-satellite observations with accuracy
better then 0.1 mm/sec will give an improvement of the geoid. Finally, some results on the combination of low-low satellite-to-satellite
tracking and terrestrial gravity data are given.
The proposed method seems to be especially interesting for unsurveyed areas. Furthermore, it has the practical advantage that
only a local coverage data is needed. 相似文献
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Y. M. Wang C. Becker G. Mader D. Martin X. Li T. Jiang S. Breidenbach C. Geoghegan D. Winester S. Guillaume B. Bürki 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(10):1261-1276
Three Geoid Slope Validation Surveys were planned by the National Geodetic Survey for validating geoid improvement gained by incorporating airborne gravity data collected by the “Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum” (GRAV-D) project in flat, medium and rough topographic areas, respectively. The first survey GSVS11 over a flat topographic area in Texas confirmed that a 1-cm differential accuracy geoid over baseline lengths between 0.4 and 320 km is achievable with GRAV-D data included (Smith et al. in J Geod 87:885–907, 2013). The second survey, Geoid Slope Validation Survey 2014 (GSVS14) took place in Iowa in an area with moderate topography but significant gravity variation. Two sets of geoidal heights were computed from GPS/leveling data and observed astrogeodetic deflections of the vertical at 204 GSVS14 official marks. They agree with each other at a \({\pm }1.2\,\, \hbox {cm}\) level, which attests to the high quality of the GSVS14 data. In total, four geoid models were computed. Three models combined the GOCO03/5S satellite gravity model with terrestrial and GRAV-D gravity with different strategies. The fourth model, called xGEOID15A, had no airborne gravity data and served as the benchmark to quantify the contribution of GRAV-D to the geoid improvement. The comparisons show that each model agrees with the GPS/leveling geoid height by 1.5 cm in mark-by-mark comparisons. In differential comparisons, all geoid models have a predicted accuracy of 1–2 cm at baseline lengths from 1.6 to 247 km. The contribution of GRAV-D is not apparent due to a 9-cm slope in the western 50-km section of the traverse for all gravimetric geoid models, and it was determined that the slopes have been caused by a 5 mGal bias in the terrestrial gravity data. If that western 50-km section of the testing line is excluded in the comparisons, then the improvement with GRAV-D is clearly evident. In that case, 1-cm differential accuracy on baselines of any length is achieved with the GRAV-D-enhanced geoid models and exhibits a clear improvement over the geoid models without GRAV-D data. GSVS14 confirmed that the geoid differential accuracies are in the 1–2 cm range at various baseline lengths. The accuracy increases to 1 cm with GRAV-D gravity when the west 50 km line is not included. The data collected by the surveys have high accuracy and have the potential to be used for validation of other geodetic techniques, e.g., the chronometric leveling. To reach the 1-cm height differences of the GSVS data, a clock with frequency accuracy of \(10^{-18}\) is required. Using the GSVS data, the accuracy of ellipsoidal height differences can also be estimated. 相似文献
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Petr Vaníček Mehdi Najafi Zdeněk Martinec Lars Harrie Lars E. Sjöberg 《Journal of Geodesy》1995,70(3):176-182
In this paper we formulate two corrections that have to be applied to the higher-degree reference spheroid if one wants to use it in conjunction with the Stokes-Helmert scheme for geoid determination. We show that in a precise geoid determination one has to apply the correction for the residual topographical potential and the correction for the earth ellipticity. Both these corrections may reach several decimetres; we show how their magnitudes vary within Canada and we give their global ranges. 相似文献
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W. E. Featherstone J. F. Kirby A. H. W. Kearsley J. R. Gilliland G. M. Johnston J. Steed R. Forsberg M. G. Sideris 《Journal of Geodesy》2001,75(5-6):313-330
The AUSGeoid98 gravimetric geoid model of Australia has been computed using data from the EGM96 global geopotential model,
the 1996 release of the Australian gravity database, a nationwide digital elevation model, and satellite altimeter-derived
marine gravity anomalies. The geoid heights are on a 2 by 2 arc-minute grid with respect to the GRS80 ellipsoid, and residual
geoid heights were computed using the 1-D fast Fourier transform technique. This has been adapted to include a deterministically
modified kernel over a spherical cap of limited spatial extent in the generalised Stokes scheme. Comparisons of AUSGeoid98
with GPS and Australian Height Datum (AHD) heights across the continent give an RMS agreement of ±0.364 m, although this apparently
large value is attributed partly to distortions in the AHD.
Received: 10 March 2000 / Accepted: 21 February 2001 相似文献
18.
The effects of the deviations of sea surface topography from the geoid are estimated for terrestrial geoid computations as
obtained from Stokes' formula. The results are based on an equal-area expansion of Lisitzin's sea surface topography data
in a spherical harmonic series. It is realized that those data affect mainly the harmonics of degree n≤10. Consequently, in
geoids obtained from combination solutions (where low harmonics are dominated by harmonics as obtained from differential orbit
improvement) the sea surface topography effects are relatively small. 相似文献
19.
G. Fotopoulos 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,79(1-3):111-123
The well-known statistical tool of variance component estimation (VCE) is implemented in the combined least-squares (LS) adjustment of heterogeneous height data (ellipsoidal, orthometric and geoid), for the purpose of calibrating geoid error models. This general treatment of the stochastic model offers the flexibility of estimating more than one variance and/or covariance component to improve the covariance information. Specifically, the iterative minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (I-MINQUE) and the iterative almost unbiased estimation (I-AUE) schemes are implemented in case studies with observed height data from Switzerland and parts of Canada. The effect of correlation among measurements of the same height type and the role of the systematic effects and datum inconsistencies in the combined adjustment of ellipsoidal, geoid and orthometric heights on the estimated variance components are investigated in detail. Results give valuable insight into the usefulness of the VCE approach for calibrating geoid error models and the challenges encountered when implementing such a scheme in practice. In all cases, the estimated variance component corresponding to the geoid height data was less than or equal to 1, indicating an overall downscaling of the initial covariance (CV) matrix was necessary. It was also shown that overly optimistic CV matrices are obtained when diagonal-only cofactor matrices are implemented in the stochastic model for the observations. Finally, the divergence of the VCE solution and/or the computation of negative variance components provide insight into the selected parametric model effectiveness. 相似文献
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A 2×2 arc-minute resolution geoid model, CARIB97, has been computed covering the Caribbean Sea. The geoid undulations refer
to the GRS-80 ellipsoid, centered at the ITRF94 (1996.0) origin. The geoid level is defined by adopting the gravity potential
on the geoid as W
0=62 636 856.88 m2/s2 and a gravity-mass constant of GM=3.986 004 418×1014 m3/s2. The geoid model was computed by applying high-frequency corrections to the Earth Gravity Model 1996 global geopotential
model in a remove-compute-restore procedure. The permanent tide system of CARIB97 is non-tidal. Comparison of CARIB97 geoid
heights to 31 GPS/tidal (ITRF94/local) benchmarks shows an average offset (h–H–N) of 51 cm, with an Root Mean Square (RMS) of 62 cm about the average. This represents an improvement over the use of a global
geoid model for the region. However, because the measured orthometric heights (H) refer to many differing tidal datums, these comparisons are biased by localized permanent ocean dynamic topography (PODT).
Therefore, we interpret the 51 cm as partially an estimate of the average PODT in the vicinity of the 31 island benchmarks.
On an island-by-island basis, CARIB97 now offers the ability to analyze local datum problems which were previously unrecognized
due to a lack of high-resolution geoid information in the area.
Received: 2 January 1998 / Accepted: 18 August 1998 相似文献