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1.
海洋和大气是一个不断相互作用的复杂的耦合系统,其相互作用的结果对长期天气过程的演变以及海洋环境的变化都有着重大的影响。从六十年代开始,这一研究课题就引起了海洋学家和气象学家的广泛重视。如Bjerknes指出，赤道海温及其相应的环流有准两年周期,表明了海表温度与中低纬度环流之间的关系; Namias指出,海表温度与海平面气压场的关系密切,可以用预报的海平面平均气压场的分布来预报下个月的海表温度。目前在数值模拟试验中,也将海气相互作用加以参数化考虑进去,提高了预报精度。本文拟以平均资料,准定量地分析黑潮地区表层水温的变异特性及其物理过程,并在此基础上探讨它与大气环流的关系。
文中的海表温度资料,1951-1962年取自美国的北太平洋海面温度资料,1963-1972年取自日本的北太平洋气候表,1973年以后采用我国海洋局水文气象总台整理的资料,北半球500毫巴高度采用上海气象台整理的资料,热量平衡各分量的计算值取自西北太平洋海面热量平衡图集。 相似文献
2.
冬季北太平洋西部上层海洋的热量输送 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
用海气界面净热量收支和1950－1979年表层水温资料，计算了冬季北太平洋西部上层海洋热通量散度场，指出冬季北太平洋西部黑潮将大量低纬暖水输送到中高纬度海域，在30－35°N最大；亲潮将极地冷水沿千岛群岛向南输送，在45－50°N最大；两者在40°N附近相遇，混合减弱后沿纬向东传。同时用EOF分析方法对热通量散度距平场分型，前3个主要型分别为：黑潮亲潮偶合型、北太平洋海流型和冷平流优势型。最后还揭示了第一主要型与北太平洋副热带高压之间有意义的相关关系。 相似文献
3.
黑潮关键区的海面放热量对长江地区梅雨降水的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
依据3、4月黑潮关键区(26°-30°N,125°-130°E)的海面放热量,研究了黑潮热状况对长江地区梅雨降水的气候效应。结果表明:黑潮关键区的海面放热量对长江地区6、7月间的梅雨降水有一定的影响,长江地区5个测站(武汉、九江、安庆、南京、上海)的拟合率为9/20-13/20。海面放热量对均匀型梅雨降水影响较大,长江下游地区的拟合率达7/10-8/10。由黑潮关键区3、4月海面放热量及海温距平组成的上海站梅雨降水预测式能较好地符合实况。 相似文献
4.
为了满足海洋渔业生产、油气开发、交通运输和科研等部门对南海海面水温实时情报分析的需要,国家海洋局广州海洋环境预报区台自1984年10月开始正式发布基于常规海温观测数据的“南海北部月平均海面水温实况分析”及其“距平分析”,并于1986年1月扩展为“南海及其邻近海域(0°-30°N,98°-130°E)海面水温实况分析”。文中阐述了本业务的实施方法,即实时数据的来源与获取;实况分析所使用的“计算机与人工结合”的分析制作方法与技术。 相似文献
5.
国家海洋局南海水文气象中心,为适应科研、生产等部门的需要、配合海洋水文气象部门的预报工作,于1984年10月份开始,向广东省及全国三十多个有关部门发布南海北部月平均海面水温实况分析图及其距平分析图。 分析范围: 110°-123°E, 17°-26°N 一、海面水温实况分析图 根据国家海洋局南海分局的海洋监测调查资料、国际、国内商船测报资料、海洋站资料及其他资料综合分析制作。温度等值线的单位为摄氏度。 相似文献
6.
南海表层水温的长周期振荡及其与埃尔尼诺的关系 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
本文对南海西沙海洋站(16°50'N、122°20'E)1961～1987年间的表层水温月平均资料、秘鲁与厄瓜多尔外海(5°N、80°～90°W)的表层水温月平均资料,进行水温功率谱分析,并计算了其表层水温异常的强度和指数.计算结果表明,南海、秘鲁与厄瓜多尔外海的表层水温存在着3.3年的长周期变化,且秘鲁与厄瓜多尔外海的表层水温比南海提前变化约5个月,变化是同相的.在1960～1987年间,每当东太平洋沿岸海区发生一次正、反埃尔尼诺现象,南海也相应出现一次强度相当的暧、冷事件. 相似文献
7.
本文对赤道东太平洋表层水温和热带太平洋月平均海平面变化进行了长时间序列分析,揭示了它们的准周期低频振荡特性,其中20°N～20°S区域月平均海平面低频变化的显着周期在43.5～50.0个月之间,与47.6个月的埃尔尼诺显着周期颇为接近;引入空间谱分析的概念与方法,分析阐明了热带太平洋月平均海平面低频变化遵从下列逆时针循环传播规律:东太平洋(墨西哥近海)→北赤道流区域→西赤道太平洋→北赤道逆流区域→东太平洋,该循环与埃尔尼诺循环过程存在密切的一一对应关系;根据上述分析结果,初步建立了依据典型区域月平均海平面变化预报埃尔尼诺的八元逐步回归模型,预报值与实测值序列的相关系数达0.89. 相似文献
8.
南海北部海面水温场的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据南海北部10～26年的月平均海面水温资料,对108°～123°E,18°～26°N范围内的常年海面水温场、水温场的年变化及时间序列结构、异常水温场的特征及其分析的可靠性进行了分析。阐述了水温场的时空结构的统计特征和现象,对其成因做了初步解释,并给出了若干统计结果,为南海北部海面水温实况分析及了解该海域的水文状况,提供了重要依据和参考。 相似文献
9.
本文以中美双边TOGA考察期间所获得的资料为主,说明了1986/1987年埃尔尼诺期间,热带西太平洋上层热结构和海洋环流的异常变化.讨论了这些异常变化对西北太平洋副热带高压的影响.在埃尔尼诺期间,(1)热带西太平洋东部(以165°E断面的次表层温度资料为代表),高于29℃的表层暧水沿经向扩展,使大面积的海表面出现温度正距平;(2)在热带西太平洋西部(以137°E断面的次表层温度资料为代表),表层暖水(T>28℃)的横截面积变小;表层温度出现负距平;(3)165°E断面的上层东向流增强;(4)从黑潮源地,即18°20'N以南、130°E以西至菲律宾沿岸的热带洋域向北的暖水流量变小.在这些异常变化发生时,西北太平洋低空(1 000hPa)的大气辐散加强,这有利于西北太平洋副高的加强. 相似文献
10.
11.
用电子计算机分析东海黑潮海面与海洋学标准层叶绿素a总食量(分别记为C_O、C_T)之间的统计相关。提出两者的线性关系,有助于了解叶绿素a的空间分布和海区的生物资源评价及有关的生态学研究。 相似文献
12.
The correlation between the Kuroshio and coastal sea level south of Japan has been examined using the altimetry and tide gauge
data during the period 1992–2000. The sea level varies uniformly in a region bounded by the coast and the mean Kuroshio axis,
which stretches for several hundred kilometers along the coast. These variations are related with the Kuroshio velocity, as
coastal sea level decreases (or increases) when the Kuroshio is faster (or slower). To the east of the Kii Peninsula, where
sea level variations are different from these to the west, movement of the Kuroshio axis additionally affects coastal sea
level variations. 相似文献
13.
To determine recent interannual variations in the planktonic ecosystem of the slope water south of Japan, an area between 1000 m isobath on the continental slope and assumable Kuroshio front, in reference to preceding reports on the Kuroshio, we examined interannual variations of physical factors, sea surface chlorophyll concentration (SSChl), size-fractioned copepod biomass and the abundance of Calanus sinicus, one of the dominant copepods in the region, in February from 1990 to 2002. In the slope water, SSChl concentration had generally shown a higher value than in the Kuroshio and increase of the SSChl in both areas started in February but lasted longer in the slope water. The regional distribution of copepod biomass and C. sinicus abundance was similar to that of phytoplankton in that they were distributed more densely in the slope water than in the Kuroshio, reflecting assumed higher nutrient supply. The interannual variation in sea surface temperature in the slope water was explained by the rise of air temperature in 1998, a strong El Niño year, and subsequent change in the Kuroshio path (1999–2001). The interannual variation of the planktonic community, i.e. sea surface chlorophyll concentration and copepod biomass, was attributed to the effects of those physical events through the direct effect of local temperature and/or variation in surface irradiance, except for a prominent increase of copepods in the slope water in 2000. The effect of interannual change in the vertical mixing, suggested in previous studies, was not apparent in February, when the primary production is not limited by nutrient concentration which would be more important in regulating biological production in later months. 相似文献
14.
Lihua Wang Benwei Shi Yunxuan Zhou Hui Sheng Yanghua Gao Li Fan Ziheng Yang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(12):135-147
Ocean currents are a key element in ocean processes and in meteorology, affecting material transport and modulating climate change patterns. The Doppler frequency shift information of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) echo signal can reflect the dynamic characteristics of the sea surface, and has become an essential sea surface dynamic remote sensing parameter. Studies have verified that the instantaneous Doppler frequency shift can realize the SAR detection of the sea surface current. However, the validation of SAR-derived ocean current data and a thorough analysis of the errors associated with them remain lacking. In this study, we derive high spatial resolution flow measurements for the Kuroshio in the East China Sea from SAR data using a theoretical model of shifts in Doppler frequency driven by ocean surface current. Global ocean multi observation (MOB) products and global surface Lagrangian drifter (GLD) data are used to validate the Kuroshio flow retrieved from the SAR data. Results show that the central flow velocity for the Kuroshio derived from the SAR is 0.4–1.5 m/s. The error distribution between SAR ocean currents and MOB products is an approximate standard normal distribution, with the 90％ confidence interval concentrated between –0.1 m/s and 0.1 m/s. Comparative analysis of SAR ocean current and GLD products, the correlation coefficient is 0.803, which shows to be significant at a confidence level of 99％. The cross-validation of different ocean current dataset illustrate that the SAR radial current captures the positions and dynamics of the Kuroshio central flow and the Kuroshio Counter Current, and has the capability to monitor current velocity over a wide range of values. 相似文献
15.
北太平洋海温与福建后汛期降水量的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文应用奇异值分解方法给出同期和前期北太平洋海温与福建后汛期降水量相互匹配的空间典型分布型．分析结果表明，无论同期还是前期北太平洋海温与福建后汛期降水量之间均存在着清晰的遥相关．同期的赤道中东太平洋海温异常增高、日本以东洋面海温偏低，福建后汛期降水量偏少；另外，闽南地区后汛期降水量与同期NINO西海区和黑潮海区的海温成正相关关系．冬、春季出现厄尔尼诺现象时，次年福建尤其是闽南沿海后汛期降水量将偏少． 相似文献
16.
为了探究海表温度和海面高度之间的瞬时相关性,介绍了一种卫星测高数据的拉格朗日分析指数--有限尺度李雅普诺夫指数(Finite Size Lyapunov Exponent,FSLE),以黑潮延伸体区域的涡旋和南大西洋的亚南极锋为例,通过对观测、模式结果和融合产品结果的分析,探讨了该指数与海表温度梯度(Sea Surface Temperature Gradient,SSTG)之间的相关性。比较FSLE图像和SSTG图像发现,FSLE与SSTG均呈丝状结构,对海洋表层水体结构描述具有一致性,尤其在温度梯度大和地转流强的区域更为一致。二者的一致性要远好于其他常用方式,比如全流速、OW参数涡旋识别方法和Winding-Angle涡旋识别方法。不同区域FSLE与SSTG之间的相关性表现不同,黑潮延伸体区域相关系数存在显著的季节变化,而南大西洋亚南极锋区域季节内变化突出。 相似文献
17.
The sea level difference between Kushimoto and Uragami, located to the west and east of the southern tip of the Kii Peninsula, is relatively large in periods of non-large meander path (nLMP) of the Kuroshio south of Japan in comparison with periods of large meander path (LMP). Based on this clear relationship, the sea level difference between Kushimoto and Uragami has been used as an index showing the periods of nLMP and those of LMP of the Kuroshio south of Japan. It has been pointed out that warm and saline Kuroshio water, separated from the main path of the Kuroshio, has a tendency to approach the western area off Kii Peninsula to off Muroto Peninsula in periods of nLMP, while it approaches the eastern area off Kii Peninsula to Omae-zaki in periods of LMP. On the basis of this observational evidences, the dynamic background underlaying the well-known relationship between the Kuroshio path and the sea level difference between Kushimoto and Uragami is examined in the present study, using the temperature and salinity data observed by Wakayama Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station and Fisheries Research Institute of Mie. It is shown that deviations in vertically integrated specific volume off Kushimoto and Uragami almost equal deviations in observed sea level at Kushimoto and Uragami, respectively. It is also shown that the difference in vertically integrated specific volume between off Kushimoto and off Uragami almost equals the difference in observed sea level between Kushimoto and Uragami. As for the Kuroshio water, the high-temperature contribution is predominant for its specific volume rather than that of high salinity, which yields thermal expansion in comparison with coastal water. Because the difference in vertically integrated specific volume between off Kushimoto and off Uragami almost equals the difference in observed sea level between Kushimoto and Uragami, it is concluded that the relationship between the Kuroshio path and sea level difference between Kushimoto and Uragami is caused by the different approaching of the warm Kuroshio water between in nLMP periods and in LMP periods. 相似文献
18.
19.
Fluctuation in volume transport distribution accompanied by the Kuroshio front migration in the Tokara Strait 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A relation between migration of the Kuroshio front and fluctuation of distribution of volume transport in the Tokara Strait was described, using sea level records at five tide gauge stations around the strait and data which were composed of sea surface temperature, XBT casts, sea surface salinity and velocities at 20 m, 75 m and 150 m depths taken en route a ferryboat. The Kuroshio front extends to about 150 m depth. The sea surface salinity and the horizontal velocities abruptly change at the front. There is a good correlation in a period range from half a month to two months between the migration of the front, which is not only at the surface but also in the subsurface, and the sea level fluctuation at Nakano-shima. A northward migration of the front with a period range from 17 to 50 days decreases the transport in the southern strait between Naze and Nakano-shima but increases in the northern strait between Nakano-shima and Sata-misaki. The northward migration intensifies inflow into Kagoshima Bay and the Ohsumi Branch Current. Correlation between the transport in the northern strait and the Ohsumi Branch Current is significant in the period range from 30 to 50 days. In this significant period range, the former leads the latter by about 3 days. 相似文献
20.
Yutaka Nagata 《Journal of Oceanography》1979,35(3-4):141-150
The statistical properties of shallow temperature inversions in the Pacific Ocean near Japan were investigated using data obtained from. BT observations. In the sea east of Honshu, the Kuroshio front forms the southern boundary of the area where temperature inversions are abundant. Though the occurrence frequency of the temperature inversion layers is very low in the sea south of Honshu, the path of the Kuroshio influences its regional distribution in this region also, and the high occurrence area shifts offshore when the large cold water mass is present off Enshu-nada. The magnitude of the inversion temperature differences in the sea south of Honshu is considerably smaller than that in the sea east of Honshu. The magnitude of inversion thickness has a clear tendency to increase from south to north in the sea east of Honshu, reflecting the higher occurrence frequency of large-scale thick inversion layers in the northern part under the influence of the sub-arctic water mass. The frequency distribution of the inversion thickness in each sub-region (1° square area) in the sea south of Honshu is very similar to that in the region just south of the Kuroshio front in the sea east of Honshu, suggesting that the inversion layers may be generated by similar mechanisms in the sea south of the Kuroshio front. 相似文献