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1.
Qualitative GIS is a relatively new methodological approach for analyzing and visualizing qualitative data within a geographic context. Qualitative data can take many forms, including interviews, documents, photographs, and audio and video clips. Content analysis for example, is an effective qualitative method for analyzing text‐based data. We argue that basic concepts, (i.e. how to store data, data requirements, visualization techniques, and modes of analysis) within qualitative GIS have not been adequately defined, rendering difficult the replication of work performed and hindering the development of incremental knowledge in the field. Database management systems provide a means for storing, managing, and analyzing qualitative GIS data. A standardized and well‐designed open source database system provides a mechanism for qualitative GIS projects, ensuring consistency and project replication. Qualitative GIS data stored in a database allows for additional visualization options, such as geographic word clouds. To demonstrate the concepts we performed content analysis on Master Transportation Plans from Calgary and Montreal using SpatiaLite, an open source database system. We developed Structured Query Language (SQL) queries to generate and populate groups and theme tables within the SpatiaLite database. We present our database design and queries in the hopes that they will help others conducting qualitative GIS research. 相似文献
2.
Critical Issues in Participatory GIS: Deconstructions, Reconstructions, and New Research Directions 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Sarah Elwood 《Transactions in GIS》2006,10(5):693-708
In the mid‐1990s, several critical texts raised concerns about the social, political, and epistemological implications of GIS. Subsequent responses to these critiques have fundamentally altered the technological, political, and intellectual practices of GIScience. Participatory GIS, for instance, has intervened in multiple ways to try to ameliorate uneven access to GIS and digital spatial data and diversify the forms of spatial knowledge and spatial logic that may be incorporated in a GIS. While directly addressing core elements of the ‘GIS & Society’ critique, these reconstructions of a critical GIScience introduce their own ambiguities with respect to access, equity, digital representation of spatial knowledge, and epistemologies of new GIS research practices. In this paper, I examine some of the new and persistent ambiguities of participatory GIS that bear inclusion in future critical GIScience research. 相似文献
3.
Wen Lin 《Transactions in GIS》2008,12(4):493-514
Government agencies have been an important actor in using GIS and other information technologies across the world. However, contextual examinations of government GIS practices over time within non-Western contexts remain sparse in the existing GIScience literature. In particular, little is known with respect to China's significant growth of using GIS in its urban government amidst its rapid urbanization and enormous transformation. This article presents an in-depth investigation of the case of Shenzhen city, one of the China's leading cities in urban government GIS development. Drawing upon critical GIS research and GIS implementation studies, a synthesized theoretical framework is developed to interrogate the nature and evolutionary process of Shenzhen's government GIS practices. The analysis is focused on examining the role of broader social conditions, local contextual factors and organizational characteristics in shaping GIS development in Shenzhen's urban governance. Situated in this contextual analysis, this article also illustrates the three major transformations of GIS development in Shenzhen's planning agency over the past decade. The findings show that GIS development in Chinese urban governance has been influenced not only by the instrumental functions of GIS, but also by the interactions and relationships among different actors and institutions with various vested interests in the process of structuring and governing the urban spaces. This study will contribute to the ongoing discussion of understanding the interwoven relationship between GIS and society in GIScience research. 相似文献
4.
从GIS数据的模糊可靠性分析、GIS软件模糊可靠性分析、GIS硬件模糊可靠性分析和GIS人员模糊可靠性分析等4方面阐述GIS的模糊可靠性分析中的关键问题,论述各个关键问题所研究的现状以及面临的困难,提出了解决的方法。 相似文献
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Advances in location modeling: GIS linkages and contributions 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Alan T. Murray 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2010,12(3):335-354
Geographic information systems (GIS) have matured and proven to be an enabling technology, one that is important to many disciplines.
Location analysis is also a field that has matured and continues to evolve. In fact, the combination of GIS and location science
is at the forefront of advances in spatial analysis capabilities, offering substantial potential for continued and sustained
theoretical and empirical evolution. This paper provides an overview of location analysis and discusses GIS. The paper highlights
how GIS has contributed to location science in terms of data input, visualization, problem solution and theoretical advances.
The significance of GIS in this context is that it is far more than a mere spatial data input mechanism, which is a commonly
held misconception within geography, operations research and other allied disciplines. In contrast to other reviews, the focus
in this paper is to highlight the theoretical foundations of location analysis and modeling and how GIS is contributing to
important advancements in this field. An overall contribution of the paper is providing a perspective on spatial analysis
and how associated specialty areas are evolving and thriving, particularly as a component of GIScience. 相似文献
7.
In this article we reflect back on our decade‐long collaboration on the geographies of the Holocaust to argue for a GIS of place. Our previous work on ghettoization in Budapest and on the spatio‐temporal patterns of Jewish persecution in Italy had a marked spatial dimension, both in the research questions we set out to answer and the methods we used, which were largely quantitative. During the course of our research, we progressively came to realize that a spatial perspective favors the voice of the perpetrator and that to fully comprehend and understand the geography of the Holocaust, we needed to engage with the voice of the victim, extend the set of methods and tools used, and broaden our epistemology. While proposing a fully‐fledged model of a qualitative GIS of the places and spaces of the Holocaust is beyond the scope of this article, we: (a) argue for the integration of social network analysis, corpus linguistics, and spatio‐temporal methods and for a mixed‐methods analytical approach and (b) note how the topological and relational foundations we identify as fundamental to a GIS of place parallel the long‐standing call for an “integrated history” of the Holocaust. 相似文献
8.
根据GIS30多年的发展历程,总结了GIS的三个主要发展阶段及其内涵特点,说明了GISystem、GIScience和GIService的主要研究内容,最后提出了基于GIS内涵的三点初步认识。 相似文献
9.
Dynamic GIS Case Studies: Wildfire Evacuation and Volunteered Geographic Information 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Edward Pultar Martin Raubal Thomas J Cova Michael F Goodchild 《Transactions in GIS》2009,13(S1):85-104
Incorporating the temporal element into traditional GIS is a challenge that has been researched for many years and has many proposed solutions. The implemented system "Extended Dynamic GIS" or EDGIS is based on the "geo-atom" and Space Time Point (STP). EDGIS provides a platform for spatiotemporal data representation, storage, and query in order to address the need for a dynamic GIS to manage complex geographic data types. The system has the capability of executing spatiotemporal object interaction queries (OIQs) such as crossing and coincidence of field-objects and object-fields. In this article existing dynamic GIS analysis techniques are further improved and enhanced through exploration of more in-depth case studies. Further examined here are applications to wildfire evacuation modeling and travel scenarios of urban environments with individuals providing volunteered geographic information (VGI). The EDGIS platform provides a means for interacting with a range of dynamic geographic phenomena. The areas of transportation, location based services (LBS), hazards, and geo-sensor networks provide challenges intertwined with the above applications as well as additional challenges pertinent to the ongoing GIScience research topic of spatiotemporal GIS. Using EDGIS to explore the described case studies of wildfire evacuation as well as VGI provides the advancements described above and demonstrates implemented uses for dynamic GIS. 相似文献
10.
为了研究定性GIS的研究进展,该文借助文献计量学方法对在Web of Science库中1994年到2013年间的文献进行了挖掘分析。通过文献分析软件Histcite和Citespace对定性GIS文献的挖掘与分析,发现定性GIS的研究热点主要集中在空间推理及其方法和算法的探讨、空间信息的定性表示等方面。定性GIS在1999年有了突破性的进展,但定性GIS并没有只单纯应用于地理学范畴,而是在随后的发展中,较多地应用在社会科学和自然科学等领域。 相似文献
11.
左兴东 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(7):120-122
对二维GIS数据结构的缺陷及建立三维GIS数据结构的紧迫性进行了简单阐述,列举了几种常见的三维GIS数据结构,并探讨了如何使用面向对象的方法来构建三维GIS数据结构,针对三维GIS数据结构研究的大体发展趋势做了进一步的阐述。最后提出了有关三维GIS数据结构设计与数据存储方法的一点建议。 相似文献
12.
在分析当前GIS在维护地理信息现势性方面存在的缺陷基础上,提出了动态GIS,对当前静态GIS从数据生产、更新、管理、应用方式等几个方面进行扩展,并给出具体的扩展方法,结合宜春市市政网格化管理系统的实施进行实例阐述。基于这些方法使得构建的GIS系统能保持与研究对象的状态信息同步,最终实现对研究对象的实时监控与管理。及时掌握研究对象的状态信息,尤其是及时检测到状态的改变,及时响应,必能有效提高GIS的服务质量,本文的研究对智慧地球平台的建设有积极的意义。 相似文献
13.
GIS组件分类与检索技术的研究和应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
讨论了组件分类和匹配原理，并对签名匹配法进行了研究，把它作为从已知的组件中获取可重用组件的方法，最后提出了在国土信息管理领域中GIS组件的解决方案。 相似文献
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以广州市为例,以高分辨率的遥感影像及电子地图为主要数据源,以遥感图像处理软件及地理信息系统为主要分析工具,探讨了通过RS和GIS来提取绿地信息的方法,其中重点阐述了遥感影像处理、绿地信息提取及建库过程。 相似文献
16.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):131-136
Mobile mapping and geographic information systems may represent a new paradigm for cartography and GIScience. This short foreword to the special issue introduces the three papers that follow, briefly surveys the growing literature of field and mobile GIS, and discusses the emerging literature surrounding wearable GIS and their augmented reality display systems. The UCGIS research agenda for mobile and distributed computing is presented, as are the calls for additional research in the papers of the special issue. Calls for a comprehensive review article of the field from a cartography/GIScience perspective, and for involvement in the research agenda of mobile systems, are made. 相似文献
17.
Using GIS to Assess the Environmental Justice Consequences of Transportation System Changes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Jayajit Chakraborty Lisa A. Schweitzer & David J. Forkenbrock 《Transactions in GIS》1999,3(3):239-258
Although environmental justice research has typically focused on locations of industrial toxic releases or waste sites, recent developments in GIS and environmental modeling provide a foundation for developing measures designed to evaluate the consequences of transportation system changes. In this paper, we develop and demonstrate a workable GIS-based approach that can be used to assess the impacts of a transportation system change on minorites and low-income residents. We focus specifically on two adverse affects: vehicle-generated air pollution and noise. The buffer analysis capabilities of GIS provide a preliminary assessment of environmental justice. We integrate existing environmental pollution models with GIS software to identify the specific locations where noise and air pollution standards could be violated because of the proposed system change. A comparison of the geographic boundaries of these areas with the racial and economic characteristics of the underlying population obtained from block level census data provides a basis for evaluating disproportionate impacts. An existing urban arterial in Waterloo, Iowa, is used to illustrate the methods developed in this research. 相似文献
18.
One of the fundamental issues of geographical information science is to design GIS interfaces and functionalities in a way that is easy to understand, teach, and use. Unfortunately, current geographical information systems (including ArcGIS) remains very difficult to use as spatial analysis tools, because they organize and expose functionalities according to GIS data structures and processing algorithms. As a result, GIS interfaces are conceptually confusing, cognitively complex, and semantically disconnected from the way human reason about spatial analytical activities. In this article, we propose an approach that structures GIS analytical functions based on the notion of “analytical intent”. We describe an experiment that replaces ArcGIS desktop interface with a conversational interface, to enable mixed‐initiative user‐system interactions at the level of analytical intentions. We initially focus on the subset of GIS functions that are relevant to “finding what's inside” as described by Mitchell, but the general principles apply to other types of spatial analysis. This work demonstrates the feasibility of delegating some spatial thinking tasks to computational agents, and also raises future research questions that are key to building a better theory of spatial thinking with GIS. 相似文献
19.
Seamless integration of spatial statistics and GIS: The S-PLUS for ArcView and the S+Grassland Links
Shuming Bao Luc Anselin Doug Martin Diana Stralberg 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2000,2(3):287-306
The extension of the functional capacity of geographic information systems (GIS) with tools for statistical analysis in general
and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) in particular has been an increasingly active area of research in recent years.
In this paper, two operational implementations that combine the functionality of spatial data analysis software with a GIS
are considered more closely. They consist of linkages between the S-PLUS software for data analysis and two different GIS implementations, the ArcView desktop system, which is mostly vector-oriented, and the primarily raster-based Grassland open GIS environment. We emphasize conceptual and technical issues related to the software implementation of these approaches
and suggest future directions for linking spatial statistics and GIS.
Received: 14 January 1999 / Accepted: 11 May 1999 相似文献
20.
基于GIS有利成矿信息的综合 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以“数字地球”的思想为指导 ,从信息数字化的角度出发 ,阐述了GIS提取地质信息的原理、地质信息综合的方法 ,介绍了线型异常的找矿有利度和各面型异常的找矿有利度分析方法 ,提出了圈定地质异常的模型和各种有利成矿信息的综合圈定成矿靶区的方法 ,并以云南维西地区为例 ,利用上述原理圈定了成矿靶区 相似文献