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1.
石油碳、氢同位素组成的研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
通过对我国18个含油气区、385个石油样品进行碳、氢同位素和部分馏份碳同位素分析,将所获数据对两种不同性质的石油如正常原油和轻质（凝析）油分别研究其碳、氢同位素地球化学特征,提出轻质（凝析）油的碳同位素值（δ13C为-32.5‰～ -24.3‰）比正常原油δ13C为-34.4‰～ -24.6 ‰．6‰）相对偏高;石油馏份中芳烃碳同位素组成的变化受母质继承效应更为明显。因此,用芳烃碳同位值可以判识不同母质来源的石油。与海相有关的轻质（凝析）油的氢同位素值大于-15.0‰,而非海相轻质（凝析）油的δD值( δD为-21.0‰～-1.05‰）基本覆盖了海相轻质油的分布范围,从淡水－微咸水－半咸水和海水环境其氢同位素有明显变重趋势,表明氢同位素主要与沉积环境密切相关。 相似文献
2.
A high abundance of ethyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons (HCs) relative to their methyl counterparts is an unusual feature of some crude oils. Enhanced stability of ethyl aromatic HCs in the presence of tetralin was observed when individual ethylated compounds were heated with activated carbon in sealed tubes over a range of 170–340 °C. In addition, conversion of the common distribution of alkyl aromatic HCs to an unusual distribution, containing a higher relative abundance of ethyl compounds, was demonstrated by way of closed system heating of the aromatic fraction of a crude oil in the presence of activated carbon. The conditions for this unusual process require the presence of hydrogen donor components, which selectively limit the reaction and depletion of ethylated compounds relative to methylated compounds. The phenomenon has been shown to occur for substituted benzenes, naphthalenes, phenanthrenes and biphenyls. Enhanced abundance of ethyl aromatic HCs relative to their methylated counterparts is therefore proposed as an indicator for secondary reactions of migrated crude oil that has undergone thermal alteration after contact with carbonaceous surfaces in sediments. Application of these principles to selected crude oils and sediment extracts from the Carnarvon and Cooper/Eromanga Basins (Australia) indicates that significant secondary reaction of migrated crude oil has occurred. 相似文献
3.
Ercin Maslen Kliti Grice Pierre. Le MétayerDaniel Dawson Dianne Edwards 《Organic Geochemistry》2011,42(4):387-398
The present study aims to establish the factors controlling the stable carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C) of individual aromatic hydrocarbons analysed by compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) in crude oils from western Australian petroleum basins of varying age and facies type. This paper reports δ13C values of individual aromatic hydrocarbons, like alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, alkylphenanthrenes and methylated biphenyls. The main aims are to confirm the origin (source) and age of these oils based on CSIA of selected aromatic compounds and to understand why the Sofer plot is ineffective in establishing the source of western Australian petroleum systems. The bulk δ13C of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of crude oils have been previously used to differentiate sources, however, many Australian crude oils are not classified correctly using this method. The oils were classified as marine by the δ13C values of individual aromatic compounds and as terrigenous based on the bulk δ13C data (Sofer plot).The oils where the δ13C values of 1,6-DMN and 1,2,5-TMN isomers are most negative are indicative of a marine source, whereas oils with a less negative values for the 1,6-DMN and 1,2,5-TMN isomers are derived from marine source rocks that contain a significant terrigenous component. Similarly, oils with the least negative δ13C values for the 1-MP and 1,9-DMP isomers reflect varying inputs of terrigenous organic matter to the their marine source rocks. Plots of P/DBT and Pr/Ph concentration ratios versus δ13C values of DMP, 1,6-DMN, 1,2,5-TMN, 1-MP and 1,9-MP are constructed to establish the relative amount of terrigenous organic matter contributing to the source rock of a series of marine oils. The ratios of P/DBT and Pr/Ph plotted against the δ13C values of the aromatic isomers (such as 1,6-DMN, 1,2,5-TMN, 1-MP and 1,9-MP) provide a novel and convenient way to discriminate crude oils derived from different source rocks that contain varying amounts of marine and terrigenous organic matter. 相似文献
4.
Hydrous pyrolysis (closed vessel autoclaving in the presence of excess water) of organic-rich rocks is said to generate oils which closely resemble natural crude oils in their broad characteristics and composition. However there are only a few accounts of the proportions and compositions of hydrocarbons in hydrous pyrolysates and none of these discuss the aromatic hydrocarbon composition in detail. The present paper presents some data on the latter.Hydrous pyrolysis (3 days) of a dolomitic siltstone (Permian, Marl Slate) at 280, 300,320, 340 and 360°C produced significant amounts of oils in which the aromatic hydrocarbons were one and a half to two times as abundant as the saturated hydrocarbons.The overall composition of the aromatic hydrocarbons was similar to most crude oils; the major components isolated by our methods from natural oils and from pyrolysates were C1–4 alkylnaphthalenes. At the lowest pyrolysis temperature (280°C) the distributions of the more minor components of the pyrolysates (e.g. alkylphenanthrenes, aromatic steroids) were also generally similar to those found in natural crudes. However, a number of components (e.g. methylanthracenes, Diels' hydrocarbon) which are not usually reported in crudes, were also detected and the relative proportions of these increased at the higher temperatures. Hydrous pyrolysis (340°C) of an organic-rich oil shale (Jurassic, Kimmeridge) and an asphaltic-material containing no minerals produced pyrolysates in which many of these unusual compounds were also present. In addition the pyrolysate of the oil-shale contained higher proportions of organic sulphur compounds. It appears that the formation of the unusual compounds is not simply a function of the type of organic matter or mineralogy but rather of the high temperatures or fast heating rates employed. 相似文献
5.
6.
J.D. Payzant I. Rubinstein A.M. Hogg O.P. Strausz 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1979,43(8):1187-1193
The thiourea adduct, thiourea non-adduct and aromatic fractions from a series of Alberta oil sand bitumens have been subjected to field ionization mass spectrometric analyses. Field ionization mass spectra feature little fragmentation and the molecular weight distributions of compounds in the fractions are readily obtained. Using this method, the various acyclic and cyclic saturated hydrocarbons and the hydrocarbon and thiophenic aromatic materials may be distinguished by compound type and number of carbon atoms. The effect of biodegradation on crude oils is illustrated in the results from the series of oil sand bitumens and their asphaltene pyrolysis products. Field ionization mass spectrometry is potentially an important new analytical tool in organic geochemistry. 相似文献
7.
Based on quantitative GC-MS analysis of 40 crude oil samples collected from the south area of western Qaidam Basin,one of the largest saline lacustrine basins in China,the geochemical characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons in oils were studied systematically in this paper.Among those constitutes,naphthalene(43% 59%),phenanthrene(12% 21%) and taromatic-sterane series(6% 28%) were the main ones of aromatic hydrocarbons.The ratio of aromatic hydrocarbon maturity parameter vs.saturated hydrocarbon maturity parameter C 29 20S/(20S+20R) shows that some aromatic hydrocarbon maturity parameters are not suitable for low-mature oils,including MPI,MNR,DNR,etc.Meanwhile,maturity parameters for dibenzothiophene and taromatic-sterane series are more appropriate for low maturity saline lacustrine crude oils.Based on the ratio of 4,6-DMDBT/1,4-DMDBT,the R c values are within the range of 0.59% 0.72%.However,the abundance of dibenzothiophene(DBT) is low,and the dibenzofuran(DBF) content is even lower,suggesting that the crude oils were formed in a saline lacustrine anaerobic environment.The high abundance of C 26 triaromatic steroid also indicates that the source material is brackish water-saline water with strong reducibility. 相似文献
8.
Origin of the Silurian Crude Oils and Reservoir Formation Characteristics in the Tazhong Uplift 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yang Haijun Li Sumei Pang Xiongqi Xiao Zhongyao Gu Qiaoyuan Zhang Baoshou 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(5):1128-1140
<正>The Silurian stratum in the Tazhong uplift is an important horizon for exploration because it preserves some features of the hydrocarbons produced from multi-stage tectonic evolution.For this reason,the study of the origin of the Silurian oils and their formation characteristics constitutes a major part in revealing the mechanisms for the composite hydrocarbon accumulation zone in the Tazhong area.Geochemical investigations indicate that the physical properties of the Silurian oils in Tazhong vary with belts and blocks,i.e.,heavy oils are distributed in the TZ47-15 well-block in the North Slope while normal and light oils in the No.Ⅰfault belt and the TZ16 well-block,which means that the oil properties are controlled by structural patterns.Most biomarkers in the Silurian oils are similar to that of the Mid-Upper Ordovician source rocks,suggesting a good genetic relationship. However,the compound specific isotope of n-alkanes in the oils and the chemical components of the hydrocarbons in fluid inclusions indicate that these oils are mixed oils derived from both the Mid-Upper Ordovician and the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks.Most Silurian oils have a record of secondary alterations like earlier biodegradation,including the occurrence of "UCM" humps in the total ion current(TIC) chromatogram of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons and 25-norhopane in saturated hydrocarbons of the crude oils,and regular changes in the abundances of light and heavy components from the structural low to the structural high.The fact that the Silurian oils are enriched in chain alkanes,e.g.,n-alkanes and 25-norhopane,suggests that they were mixed oils of the earlier degraded oils with the later normal oils.It is suggested that the Silurian oils experienced at least three episodes of petroleum charging according to the composition and distribution as well as the maturity of reservoir crude oils and the oils in fluid inclusions.The migration and accumulation models of these oils in the TZ47-15 well-blocks,the No.Ⅰfault belt and the TZ16 well-block are different from but related to each other.The investigation of the origin of the mixed oils and the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation mechanisms in different charging periods is of great significance to petroleum exploration in this area. 相似文献
9.
Based on the chromatograms of oils and saturated hydrocarbons, biomarkers and stable carbon isotope analyses, the geochemical characteristics and oil family Classification of crude oils from the Markit Slope in the southwest of the Tarim Basin were investigated. The results showed that crude oils from the Markit Slope are divided into two oil family Classification. Oils collected from the Bashituo oilfield in the western part of the Markit Slope are characterized by high contents of tricyclic terpanes, pregnane, and homopregnane, low contents of garmmacerane (G/H<0.20), dibenzofuran, and methyl cyclohexane, and light stable carbon isotopic values (the δ13C values of satu-rated hydrocarbons and aromatic components are less than -34‰ and -32‰, respectively), with the distribution type of steranes being C27>>C28 -32‰ and -30.6‰, respectively), with the distribution type of steranes being C27>C28<相似文献
10.
山东东营凹陷八面河油田稠油成因分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
东营凹陷八面河地区原油物性呈规律性的变化,偏离生油中心的构造高部位主要分布稠油,靠近生油中心的构造低部位主要分布正常油。对原油族组成与化学成分的分析表明,八面河油田稠油具有低饱芳比、饱和烃含量低、链烷烃与低分子量萘、菲等轻质馏分严重缺失等轻度-中等降解油特征,邻区草桥油田稠油含较为完整的生物降解标志物--25-降藿烷系列,系严重降解油,反映该区稠油的形成与次生变化有关。同区具有相同或相似油气成因的沙子岭原油的成熟度（C29甾烷ααα20S/(S+R)值为0.24~0.25）低于八面河的（C29甾烷ααα20S/(S+R)值为0.31~0.44）,为典型未熟-低熟油。沙子岭的轻度或未降解油同样表现为正常油,反映八面河地区低温成烃与稠油无必然的联系,进一步验证八面河稠油主系次生成因。处于构造高部位的油藏由于埋深浅、保存条件差,导致水洗、生物降解等次生变化相对较强,最终形成稠油。 相似文献
11.
Mathematical models have been developed which simulate both random and nonrandom thermal cracking of branched and straight-chain hydrocarbons. Application of these models to n-paraffins suggests that thermal cracking alone cannot be the dominant mechanism in formation of the n-paraffin distributions present in crude oils. Application to isoprenoid hydrocarbons indicates that nonrandom cracking could be important in producing the isoprenoid distributions found in oils.Results of the mathematical modeling show that methane formation should, as predicted from energy considerations, be kinetically disfavored. It therefore is likely that substantial quantities of methane are produced from saturated hydrocarbons only under thermal conditions more severe than those under which oil is produced.The mathematical models employed are adaptable for other geochemical applications, such as isotope fractionation. 相似文献
12.
产氢菌的发现是近代微生物学研究的一大重要进展。地质体中的氢代谢（氢的生成和利用）是微生物降解有机质形成烃类的重要环节。在石油生成过程中,氢是重要的中间产物及主产物。大分子化合物分解为小分子化合物、脱去含氧基团、烯烃成为饱和烃均需要补充氢。没有氢代谢便没有石油的大量生成。产氢菌含有氢化酶,具有生成H2的能力。一部分微生物在降解有机质的过程中形成H2,另一部分微生物利用H2进行生命活动,产氢耗氢一直处于一种稳定的动态平衡,产氢微生物只有在耗氢微生物存在下才能生长。耗氢微生物的耗氢作用又促进了产氢反应的连续进行,这种微生物的互营联合,发生在石油形成过程中的各个阶段。氢转移是厌氧降解有机质区别于有氧降解有机质的最重要特征。微生物生长繁殖受温度、营养及沉积环境的影响,从浅层至深层,微生物种群不断更替,原有的种群因环境改变而死亡,新的种群又会大量繁殖,死亡的微生物输入至沉积层便成为烃类。酶是一种具有催化活性的蛋白质,微生物的一切生命活动都离不开酶。一种酶只能催化一种反应或一类反应的完成,各阶段都有独特的酶系统,酶在完成专属代谢途径后,可转化成石油组分,如叶绿素转化成甲烷菌F430辅酶,再转化成卟啉。地层温度促进了有机质热裂解,使有机质中的C-C键断裂发生得更加频繁;厌氧微生物的降解作用也使有机质发生降解。二者方向相同,互为融合,使有机质的裂解加速。微生物对有机质改造形成烃类,其中脱去含氧官能团、产氢用氢形成饱和烃等作用,对讨论石油和天然气的形成具有重要意义。 相似文献
13.
冀中坳陷苏桥-文安地区混源油定量识别模式研究--典型原油混合实验及混源油识别模式 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
通过典型原油混合实验及其产物的地球化学剖析,揭示当煤成油和下第三系原油混合时,随着下第三系原油的增加,C19三环萜烷,C24四环萜烷,C30重排藿烷,C29甾烷和重排甾烷逐渐变小;而姥鲛烷和植烷,伽马蜡烷和C27甾烷含量则逐渐增加。利用饱和烃生物标志物和芳烃化合物绝对浓度的变化规律,建立了冀中坳陷苏桥-文安地区混源油定量识别模式图版。根据混源油识别的模式,判断苏49井的混源油是由10%的下第三系原油和90%的煤成油混合而成;相反文1021井混源油则是由90%的下第三系原油和10%的煤成油混合而成。 相似文献
14.
芳烃分析在油气化探中的作用和意义 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
三维荧光光谱具有指纹特征,分析钻井岩屑的荧光光谱,可以判别是否含油气或煤;分析油气样品的固定波长同步荧光光谱,可以推断油气是海相或陆相成因;根据荧光光谱的非油气特征,可以辩识污染或干扰.恒定能量同步荧光光谱技术能够消除拉曼光干扰,用于芳烃及石油分析,优于固定波长同步荧光光谱,是油气化探中有应用前途的方法. 相似文献
15.
辽河盆地东部凹陷原油的碳同位素组成特征 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
通过对辽河盆地东部凹陷原油的饱和烃、芳烃的碳同位素组成特征、原油同位素类型和单体烃同位素特征进行研究 ,发现整个东部凹陷原油及其组分的碳同位素值偏重 ,指示其源岩有机质中藻类和低等水生生物的贡献较少 ;饱和烃—芳烃的碳同位素值关系揭示东部凹陷大部分原油样品与沙河街组沙三段烃源岩的特征相近 ,而南部和北部地区少数样品表现出负的碳同位素异常 ,与该区中生界源岩样品的接近 ,推测原油中可能混入了中生界来源的油气。南部地区各样品的碳同位素类型曲线和单体烃的碳同位素曲线均相似 ,揭示了两者具相同的油气来源。北部地区各原油样品的单体烃的碳同位素类型曲线间具有相似的分布特征 ,但茨榆坨地区的原油样品的碳同位素值比牛居地区的系统偏轻 ,可能是成熟度相对较低引起的 ,表明茨榆坨地区原油具有早期成藏的特征。原油的碳同位素组成特征是研究油气来源和成藏特征分析的一种重要手段。 相似文献
16.
Well Zheng-1 is located in the combined area of the central uplift and the north Tianshan piedmont depression in the Junggar Basin. Two oil-bearing beds are recognized at 4788–4797 m of the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Formation (K1tg) and 4808.5–4812.5 m of the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation (J1s). The geochemical characteristics of family composition, carbon isotopic composition, saturated hydrocarbons, sterane and terpane biomarkers and carotane of two crude oils are described in this paper. The results show that the geochemical characteristics of the two crude oils are basically similar to each other, indicating they were all derived mainly from the high mature, brine, algae-rich lake facies sediments. Oil-source correlation revealed that crude oils of the two beds were derived mainly from the source rocks of Permian and mixed by the oil derived from the source rocks of Jurassic and Triassic. This is consistent with the geological background with several sets of source rocks in the area studied. 相似文献
17.
We generalized experimental data on the structural group composition and macrostructural characteristics of high-molecular compounds (HMCs)—hydrocarbons, resins, and asphaltenes—from more than 180 crude oil samples extracted from different oil fields of Eurasia. Most of oil resin molecules contain 1–3 structural blocks, each consisting of 0–3 aromatic and 0–5 naphthenic rings in different combinations, with the total number of rings in each block not exceeding 5–6. The average molecular weights of resins are no more than 100–1500 a.m.u. Asphaltenes differ from resins from the same source in the larger number of structural blocks (mainly tri- or tetracyclic aromatic) in molecule (up to five), lower degrees of substitution of aromatic cores, and smaller portions of carbon atoms in saturated fragments. The average molecular weights of asphaltenes measured by naphthalene cryoscopy do not exceed 2500 a.m.u. Owing to intermolecular interactions, HMCs form various associates and polymolecular particles, including quasi-crystalline “batches” and multibatch aggregates. Spontaneous disintegration and formation of such particles make the oils dynamically equilibrium polydisperse systems. We have developed the main regularities of compositional and structural changes of HMCs depending on the depth of occurrence, age, and lithologic composition of oil-bearing deposits. Being chemically labile heteroatomic substances, petroleum HMCs are more rapidly subjected to compositional and structural transformations than hydrocarbons, i.e., are more responsive to changes in strata conditions. 相似文献
18.
In this study,12 crude oil samples were collected and analyzed from the Ordovician reservoir in the Halahatang Depression,Tarim Basin,China.Although the density of oil samples varies considerably,based on saturated hydrocarbon gas chromatographic(GC),saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric(GC/MS) and stable carbon isotopic composition analyses,all the samples are interpreted to represent a single oil population with similar characteristics in a source bed or a source kitchen,organic facies and even in oil charge history.The co-existence of a full suite of n-alkanes and acyclic isoprenoids with UCM and 25-norhopanes in the crude oil samples indicates mixing of biodegraded oil with fresher non-biodegraded oil in the Ordovician reservoir.Moreover,according to the conversion diagram of double filling ratios for subsurface mixed crude oils,biodegraded/non-biodegraded oil ratios were determined as in the range from 58/42 to 4/96.Based on oil density and oil mix ratio,the oils can be divided into two groups:Group 1,with specific density>0.88(g/cm3) and oil mix ratio>1,occurring in the north of the Upper Ordovician Lianglitage and Sangtamu Formation pinchout lines,and Group 2,with specific density<0.88(g/cm3) and oil mix ratio<1,occurring in the south of the pinchout lines.Obviously,Group 2 oils with low densities and being dominated by non-biodegraded oils are better than Group 1 oils with respect to quality.It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the area in the south of the Upper Ordovician Lianglitage and Sangtamu Formation pinchout lines for further exploration. 相似文献
19.
Forty-six crude oil samples were selected from the Ordovician in the northwestern part of the Tahe oilfield for detailed molecular geochemical and isotopic analysis, including group compositions, carbonhydrogen isotopes and gas chroma-tograms of saturated hydrocarbons, as well as the characteristics of terpane, sterane and other biomarkers, indicating that crude oils are of the same origin from different districts in the Tahe oilfield and were derived from the same source kitchen (or oil source formation), i.e., mainly stemming from marine hydrocarbons. Detailed studies of oil physical properties of 25-honpane revealed that such oils have heavy or thick oil qualities due to biodegradation. Comprehensive assessment in terms of five maturity parameters shows that the oils from the Ordovician with Ro values varying from 0.80% to 1.59% are widely distributed in the northwest of the Tahe oilfield. 相似文献
20.
渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷滩海地区奥陶系原油油源分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
近年来渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷的油气勘探取得了重大突破。在滩海区奥陶系古潜山钻遇工业性高产油气流,使奥陶系古潜山成为南堡油田重要勘探目的层之一,但目前对奥陶系主要产油层中油气的来源问题仍存在着不同的认识。通过对奥陶系原油与古近系沙三段、沙一段和东三段3套烃源岩的地球化学特征进行对比研究,并结合奥陶系油气成藏特征,探讨了奥陶系原油的油源。结果表明：南堡油田奥陶系原油生物标志化合物特征和稳定碳同位素组成与沙三段烃源岩的相似,二者具有较好的亲缘关系;同时,区域性的不整合面、油源断层可以成为沟通奥陶系古潜山储层与沙三段油源的运移通道;奥陶系原油主要来源于沙三段烃源岩。 相似文献