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1.
调制电子束入射进电离层等离子体中会激发电磁波辐射,根据不同试验条件和等离子体状态,激发电磁波的机制也不一样.本文主要讨论半无界稀薄调制电子束沿地球磁场力线从空间飞行器入射到电离层等离子体产生的电磁波辐射,其相应的辐射机理是由于束的纵向约束而产生的电磁波辐射.理论分析和数值计算结果显示,在满足切伦柯夫（Cerenkov）共振条件时,哨声波前向辐射方向图有一个尖锐的峰值,且随着电子束弛豫长度的增加,辐射功率值也相应增大,表明可以通过对电子束的适当调制增强电子束激发的电磁波辐射强度. 相似文献
2.
磁场重联与等离子体波动之间存在显著的联系.其中准静态波动、激波和动力学阿尔芬波的本征模是磁重联结构的重要组成部分.而其它的高频波动,不仅能吸收粒子的自由能,还可以导致粒子的加热和反常电阻的产生.这些多尺度的波动过程揭示了磁重联中能量转换的多尺度性质.本文探讨了地球磁层磁重联过程中的各种等离子体波动,涵盖了动力学阿尔芬波、低混杂波、哨声波、静电孤波、离子声波以及电子尺度的高频静电波,并分析了它们在磁重联中的特性和作用.近期的研究成果表明,动力学阿尔芬波（kinetic Alfven wave, KAW）能够描述磁重联区域的微观结构,其中包括霍尔磁场、霍尔电场、平行电场、霍尔电流以及场向电流.在这一过程中,霍尔电场作用于离子,有助于提高重联速率.低混杂波主要在电流片的密度梯度较大处被激发,并对电子进行平行加热.而哨声波是由朗道共振和回旋共振机制驱动的.据当前研究所示,低混杂波和哨声波对于重联过程中的反常电阻效应的影响是次要的.静电孤波多在磁重联分界线区域出现,其对等离子体的加热效应仍需进一步研究.与此同时,关于高频静电波（例如高混杂波和电子伯恩斯坦波）的研究重点在于磁重联的扩散区,这些波被... 相似文献
3.
参量衰减不稳定性(Parametric Decay Instability,PDI)在大功率高频(High frequency,HF)电波与电离层等离子体相互作用的过程中扮演着十分重要的角色,本文采用广义Zakharov方法对常规的等离子体流体力学方程组进行相应处理后,并在近似实际的电离层背景和电波传播模型下,构建了高频电波加热电离层激发PDI的数值计算模型.模拟结果发现:在毫秒量级的时间尺度上,大功率高频电波在寻常波(Ordinary wave,O波)反射点高度附近激发出了朗缪尔波(Langmuir wave)和离子声波(Ion-Acoustic wave)两种等离子体静电波模,模拟中产生的朗缪尔波和离子声波相应波数为5~11rad·m~(-1),结果与利用色散关系求出的理论值4~7 rad·m~(-1)近似一致,密度扰动幅值从10~6m~(-3)量级指数级增长到了10~(10)m~(-3)量级,直至能显著影响与"低频"密度背景相关的等离子体频率后,出现了等离子体"空穴"结构以及朗缪尔波被"俘获"现象,在扰动空间内的小尺度静电场幅值最高能达到100 V·m~(-1)量级,最终造成一种强烈的局地化"空穴"湍流现象.本文的研究有助于深入理解PDI的物理机制,对研究大功率高频电波与电离层等离子体之间复杂的非线性相互作用也有着非常重要的意义. 相似文献
4.
等离子体波的空间分布在木星磁层高能电子动力学过程中起着重要的作用.现有大多数对木星磁层哨声波的观测仅限于|λ|≤15°的磁纬范围内,但是最新的JUNO卫星WAVES仪器提供的波动数据使得更高纬度、更广区域范围内的等离子体波动分布研究成为可能.本文通过对JUNO卫星WAVES仪器数据进行分析处理,详细研究了木星磁层哨声波的空间分布特性.观测表明,存在位于高LJ、高磁纬的木星磁层哨声波,它们广泛分布于距木星中心距离35～75个木星半径、磁纬为|λ|≤30°的空间区域.分析研究发现,WAVES仪器观测的木星磁层哨声波幅度一般为几个pT,远小于地球磁层哨声波的强度.木星磁层哨声波幅会随着LJ的增大缓慢增加,也会随着磁纬的减小趋向平缓变化.基于以上观测事实,本文利用指数幂函数分别拟合得到木星磁层哨声波幅随LJ和磁纬变化的经验模型.该模型将有助于精确理解哨声波对木星磁层高能电子动力学过程的重要影响. 相似文献
5.
我们从麦克斯韦方程和线性化矩方程出发,获得了具有电子密度梯度的弱非均匀可压缩等离子体在外场作用下的电磁波和电声波激发的耦合方程,并求得了微扰解。最后讨论了非均匀可压缩等离子体中电磁波和电声波耦合激发机制,指出不同模间耦合是产生不同模间相互转换的原因,而Cohen等人的均匀可压缩等离子体中电磁波和电声波激发过程均可视为本文的特殊情况。 相似文献
6.
在2001～2003年Cluster飞船通过近地磁尾期间，共探测到14次重联事件，在这些事件中同时还观测到等离子体波活动.本文把14次事件分为三大类，其中：第I类包含了8次事件，它们是在等离子体片内先于重联事件观测到波活动，并且还同时观测到Hall磁场.经过分析判断，这类事件中观测到的波是右旋偏振的哨声波.第II类包含了2次事件，这类事件也观测到了Hall磁场和右旋偏振的哨声波.第Ⅲ类也包含了2次事件，这类事件只是普通的重联事件，没有观测到Hall磁场，但是波活动明显先于重联事件.在我们观测的14次事件中，比较强烈的哨声波和Hall 磁场是一一对应的，因此哨声波可能主要是在Hall磁场的四极结构区激发的. 相似文献
7.
我们从磁流体力学基本方程出发,给出了计及外加常数磁场情况下规则非均匀等离子体中电磁波和电声波的耦合传播方程。在选用的电子密度剖面下,求解了该方程组的边界值问题,得到了|P_1|和|H_x|的数值解,进而证明了在此基础上我们得到的电磁波和电声波传播的简单近似耦合方程组是可用的。 最后,我们计算了Debye长度和等离子体波长,指出在等离子体鞘套中等离子体波不能辐射出去的主要原因是在鞘套外边界严重的Landau阻尼造成的,并非在激波线强间断处的多次反射结果。 同时,也对所得到的传播耦合方程的普遍性进行了讨论。 相似文献
8.
本文提出一个模型，通过此模型得到土星千米波辐射源（Saturn's Kilometric Radiation Source）的分布.这个模型就是：磁层顶的开尔文-亥姆霍兹不稳定性（Kelvin Helmholtz Instability）会导致阿尔芬波沿着弯曲的磁力线传播到土星极区附近，并在这个过程中使土星电离层附近（1Rs高度，Rs为土星半径)的粒子加速沉降，发生回旋不稳定性（Cyclotron Maser Instability），进而产生R-X模式辐射的非寻常波（Extraordinary wave）.我们认为，极区发生回旋不稳定性的区域就是土星千米波辐射源的区域.本文求出了磁层顶附近开尔文-亥姆霍兹不稳定性发生在土星本地时（Saturn's Local Time）11 LT以前，得出了阿尔芬波沿磁力线传播到土星需要约383 min，求解出向阳面磁力线弯曲了约80°，最后得出土星千米波辐射源分布从黎明段的7～9 LT延伸到傍晚段的18 LT，并且黎明段分布的纬度比傍晚段低. 相似文献
9.
建立尘埃等离子体中重力波的基本方程，推导尘埃等离子体中重力波的色散关系，分析地球极区中间层顶处尘埃等离子体层中的重力波特性，研究了重力波在电子密度垂直分层的尘埃等离子体中的反射. 结果表明尘埃等离子体改变了通常大气中的重力内波的色散关系，限制了小水平波数重力内波的传播，改变了波的能量特性，减小了重力波在不均匀大气中垂直向上传播时振幅的增长；在尘埃等离子体中传播时重力波可被电子密度垂直分层的结构反射而导致波能量的集中, 它产生的湍动所导致的空间电子密度的不均匀性分布是极区上空PMSEs的可能机制. 相似文献
10.
大功率人工源极低频电磁波（Control Source of Extremely Low Frequency method, CSELF）技术中,辐射天线由布设在高大地电阻率区的接地长导线源构成,通过接地点向大地注入数百安培的强电流.目前有关强电流在大地中的流动特性和分布规律,尚未完全弄清楚.本文提出一个新思路,将CSELF发射天线分解为两部分:交变的接地长导线源和接地处的交流点电流源,二者响应的叠加构成总场.本文重点讨论了均匀空间下交流点电流源的求解,对比研究了交流点电流源响应、直流点电流源响应之间的差异.结果表明,在小范围内（场源距几十、几百米以内）,均匀空间下交流点电流源场和直流源场差别较小,可相互近似,但在大范围内,交流点电流场比直流场的衰减要快得多.由于CSELF辐射天线跨度上百公里,场源距很大,其电流分布规律遵循交变场规则,不能近似为直流场. 相似文献
11.
N. I. Izhovkina 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2011,51(3):342-347
The density and temperature of the plasma electron component and wave emission intensity in the topside ionosphere were measured
by the INTERCOSMOS-19 satellite. In the subauroral ionosphere, a decrease in the plasma density correlates with an increase
in the plasma electron component temperature. In this case, the additional increase in the electron component temperature
was measured in regions with increased plasma density gradients during the substorm recovery phase. In a linear approximation,
the electromagnetic wave growth increments are small on electron fluxes precipitating in the auroral zone. It has been indicated
that Bernstein electromagnetic waves propagating in the subauroral topside ionosphere can intensify in regions with increased
plasma density gradients on electron fluxes orthogonal to the geomagnetic field, which are formed when plasma is heated by
decaying electrostatic oscillations of the plasma electron component. This can be one of the most important factors responsible
for the intensification of auroral kilometric radiation. 相似文献
12.
The transformation of a weakly nonlinear interfacial solitary wave in an ideal two-layer flow over a step is studied. In the vicinity of the step the wave transformation is described in the framework of the linear theory of long interfacial waves, and the coefficients of wave reflection and transmission are calculated. A strong transformation arises for propagation into shallower water, but a weak transformation for propagation into deeper water. Far from the step, the wave dynamics is described by the Korteweg-de Vries equation which is fully integrable. In the vicinity of the step, the reflected and transmitted waves have soliton-like shapes, but their parameters do not satisfy the steady-state soliton solutions. Using the inverse scattering technique it is shown that the reflected wave evolves into a single soliton and dispersing radiation if the wave propagates from deep to shallow water, and only dispersing radiation if the wave propagates from shallow to deep water. The dynamics of the transmitted wave is more complicated. In particular, if the coefficient of the nonlinear quadratic term in the Korteweg-de Vries equation is not changed in sign in the region after the step, the transmitted wave evolves into a group of solitons and radiation, a process similar to soliton fission for surface gravity waves at a step. But if the coefficient of the nonlinear term changes sign, the soliton is destroyed completely and transforms into radiation. The effects of cubic nonlinearity are studied in the framework of the extended Korteweg-de Vries (Gardner) equation which is also integrable. The higher-order nonlinear effects influence the amplitudes of the generated solitons if the amplitude of the transformed wave is comparable with the thickness of lower layer, but otherwise the process of soliton fission is qualitatively the same as in the framework of the Korteweg-de Vries equation. 相似文献
13.
Some effects of normal mode coupling in weakly anisotropic inhomogeneous plasma are analysed on the basis of the numerical solution of transfer equations for the Stokes parameters. The numerical analysis of normal mode conversion on a set of isolated irregularities demonstrates the possibility of an effective polarisation transformation on such structures. It is shown that by the appropriate selection of discrete irregularities of the external magnetic field direction or plasma electron concentration resulting in radio-wave refraction, one can control electromagnetic radiation polarisation characteristics. Analytical expressions for mean Stokes parameters have been obtained for the rare isolated irregularities. The opportunity for the simulation of mutual wave conversion processes in the ionospheric heating experiments is discussed. 相似文献
14.
Excitation of upper hybrid waves associated with the ionospheric heating experiments is assumed to be essential in explaining some of the features of stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEE). A direct conversion process is proposed as an excitation mechanism of the upper hybrid waves where the energy of an obliquely propagating electromagnetic pump wave is converted into the electrostatic upper hybrid waves due to small-scale density irregularities. We performed electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the energy conversion process in the ionospheric heating experiments. We studied dependence of the amplitude of the excited wave on the propagation angle of the pump wave, scale length of the density irregularity, degree of the irregularity, and thermal velocity of the plasma. The maximum amplitude is found to be 37% of the pump amplitude under an optimum condition. 相似文献
15.
电磁扰动是近年来日益被关注的地震监测手段。分析了郑州晶微公司的电磁扰动监测仪在安徽、河南、山东和四川的9个电磁波台站的数据,结果表明,地震前确实存在各种形式、不同频段的电磁波辐射,其异常信息的研究对地震预测,特别是短临预测有一定的意义。 相似文献
16.
Summary The reflection and transmission of a transient plane wave by an ionosphere with a linear electron density profile and constant collision frequency are calculated. The exact frequency domain solution is inverted numerically, and the resultant reflected and transmitted waveforms are found to satisfy causality. A linearly varying, nondispersive dielectric half-space is also considered, but the nonphysical nature of the model causes the reflected waveform to be noncausal. Using convolution the waveforms for a step modulated sinusoid excitation are also obtained from the impulse response of the ionosphere. The results provide insight into the physical mechanism involved in the ionospheric propagation of HF electromagnetic pulsed signals. 相似文献
17.
为了突破目前声波远探测技术存在的局限性,提出了一种新的偶极横波远探测方法,即利用井中偶极子产生的井中弯曲波存在低频截止频率的现象,在声源截止频率以下激发偶极声波.通过对比分析井中偶极声源分别在截止频率上、下激发时,井孔内外产生的辐射声场,明确了截止频率以下井中偶极声源的远场辐射特征和低频截止频率激发偶极横波的优势,结合数值模拟,进一步对其反射声场进行了分析.结果表明,该方法可以避免艾里相的巨大振幅对数据量化产生的"饱和"效应,相比传统的远探测测井方式更具优势,常规源距即可满足专门的远探测测井仪器需求. 相似文献
18.
N. I. Izhovkina I. S. Prutensky S. A. Pulinets N. S. Erokhin L. A. Mikhailovskaya Z. Klos H. Rothkaehl 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2009,49(2):210-218
The measurements of the broadband wave radiation in the topside ionosphere in the region of the geomagnetic equator (the APEX satellite experiment) are presented. The region of unstable plasma with increased density was observed in the nightside topside ionosphere. This region could be formed by heating of the ionosphere from below. An asymmetric distribution of the frequency band width and electrostatic radiation intensity relative to the geomagnetic equator was registered. It has been indicated that a substantial effect of the geomagnetic equator on plasma diffusion from the heating region could be related to the generation, propagation, and damping of electrostatic oscillations and large-scale (as compared to the Larmor ion radius) plasma vortices. The anisotropy in the temperature of the plasma electron component can increase in the regions where the transverse electric field of disturbances damps. The intensity of the electromagnetic radiation, caused by the external sources, apparently, of an artificial origin at frequencies higher than the local plasma frequency, decreases to the radiation detection threshold level in the region of increased plasma density. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2000,62(7):541-552
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the properties of electron beams formed by cyclotron interactions between radiation belt electrons and a quasi-monochromatic whistler wave packet from a ground-based VLF transmitter. The beams are formed due to trapping of the electrons at the forward edge of the wave packet, their acceleration inside the wave packet, the escape of the accelerated electrons from the moving backward edge of the wave packet, and their following free motion in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. A combination of these processes provides the main features of the spatial-temporal evolution of the beams which are investigated both analytically and numerically. It is shown that one or two beams can appear at one point at the same time, and that the density of the beams increases during their expansion. Motion of the pumping wave packet in the inhomogeneous magnetic field provides the variations of the initial velocity and position of the beam injection which change the spatial and temporal gradients of the parallel velocity of the beam, in contrast with the case of the pure adiabatic motion of an individual electron. Such a behaviour can be significant for the generation of secondary emissions. Numerical calculations demonstrate a wide variety of the spatio–temporal patterns of the beam parallel velocity depending on the plasma and wave packet parameters. It is shown that the most significant parameters which determine the beam characteristics are the wave packet length about the equator, its group velocity, and the initial energy and pitch angle of the electrons. 相似文献