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1.
基于生产和消费视角,对人均GDP和单位GDP的CO2排放之间的内在关系进行了实证分析。对1990-2004年44个国家的人均GDP与生产型和消费型的单位GDP的CO2排放进行面板数据的单位根检验和协整分析,在此基础上,对CO2环境库茨涅兹曲线(EKC)进行模拟。结果显示:无论是从生产视角还是从消费视角,单位GDP的CO2排放量都具有显著的倒"U"形状,符合环境库茨涅兹曲线特征。但对于多数发展中国家,消费型单位GDP的CO2排放量总是低于生产型单位GDP的CO2排放量,表明多数发展中国家在国际贸易中存在着内涵CO2排放的净出口,这对从生产角度核算国家温室气体排放体系提出了挑战。最后,分析了CO2环境库茨涅兹曲线对中国应对气候变化的启示。  相似文献   

2.
CO2倍增对我国东部极端降水的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
 利用GFDL-CM2.1耦合模式控制试验和CO2增长试验逐日降水输出结果,评估了CO2浓度加倍对我国极端降水变化的影响。结果表明:CO2浓度加倍导致我国东部地区年极端降水的强度增强、降水量显著增多及降水频次显著增加(除华北南部外); CO2浓度加倍对我国春夏季极端降水影响较大,导致东部多数地区春夏季极端降水频次增加,强度增强;而CO2浓度加倍导致华北南部和长江中下游春夏季雨日减少以及小雨、中雨减少,从而导致年总降水量减少。  相似文献   

3.
 CO2的地质埋存处理是减缓温室效应的现实选择之一。要保证埋存的有效性、安全性和持久性,需要对钻井(主要包括注入井和废弃井)、CO2地下分布运移状况以及因CO2渗漏所造成的环境影响等方面实施严格的监测管理。通过对以上各方面文献的查阅和综合分析,系统阐述了世界范围内目前CO2地质埋存过程中所采用的各项主要监测技术。  相似文献   

4.
温室效应引起的江淮流域气候变化预估   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
 选用英国Hadley中心的RCM-PRECIS模式进行江淮流域气候变化的数值模拟。在验证了PRECIS在江淮流域模拟能力的基础上,对未来CO2增加后江淮流域的气候变化响应进行了预估。结果表明:在B2情景下,整个江淮流域都将继续增暖,到本世纪末(2071-2100年)区域年平均温度将增加2.9℃,夏季将可能出现更多的高温事件,而冬季极端低温事件减少;降水量呈增加趋势,强降水(尤其是120 mm以上的降水)日数也将增多。  相似文献   

5.
简要讨论了目前CO2等温室气体的危害、钢铁工业CO2的排放现状及来源,并针对我国钢铁行业的发展状况,分析了温室气体CO2的捕集方法.  相似文献   

6.
中国汽车空调行业HFC-134a需求和排放预测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
 近年来HFC-134a作为中国汽车空调行业CFC-12制冷剂最主要的替代品,其消费量增长迅速,是中国消费量最大的HFCs(氢氟烃类物质)。以2005年为基线,通过制冷剂替代、技术进步、熟练操作和政策控制等情景假设,预测了中国汽车空调行业HFC-134a的需求量及排放量。结果表明:到2010和2015年,汽车空调HFC-134a的消费量将分别接近2.0万和3.5万t,排放量将分别接近1.6万和3.0万t,约折合排放21.0 和39.0 Mt CO2当量。上述排放相对基线情景(即维持当前政策措施和不开展回收活动),2010年和2015年减排温室气体分别为6.7 和13.0 Mt CO2当量。  相似文献   

7.
利用2004年以来东亚地区10个本底观测站大气φ(CO2)观测资料,分析了各站大气φ(CO2)的变化特征及其各站之间的差异,讨论了下垫面特征、源汇作用等对φ(CO2)变化的影响.结果表明:10个本底站大气月均φ(CO2)有明显的季节变化,高值多出现在冬春等寒冷季节,而低值则多出现在6—9月,属于北半球的夏季;大气φ(CO2)日变化趋势较为一致,15时(当地时间)前后达到全天最低,随后φ(CO2)升高,并在日落后继续积累,至清晨7时(当地时间)前后达到全天最高,之后φ(CO2)随着太阳辐射的增强而逐渐降低,且平均φ(CO2)水平与下垫面植被量成反比,φ(CO2)日变化的幅度与下垫面植被量成反比.作为全球基准站之一的瓦里关山站,2004—2008年φ(CO2)年均值逐年增加,年增长率为2.28×10-6/a.  相似文献   

8.
利用GFDL-CM2.1耦合模式控制试验和CO2增长试验逐日降水输出结果,评估了CO2浓度加倍对我国极端降水变化的影响。结果表明:CO2浓度加倍导致我国东部地区年极端降水的强度增强、降水量显著增多及降水频次显著增加(除华北南部外); CO2浓度加倍对我国春夏季极端降水影响较大,导致东部多数地区春夏季极端降水频次增加,强度增强;而CO2浓度加倍导致华北南部和长江中下游春夏季雨日减少以及小雨、中雨减少,从而导致年总降水量减少。  相似文献   

9.
在“双碳”目标背景下,从国家层面到地方层面,区域、城市、行业企业都在制定和实施双碳目标行动计划。CO2模拟因其客观性和高时空分辨率等优势,在城市碳排放研究中深受重视。本研究以京津冀地区为研究区域,采用Picarro仪器高精度观测的2019—2020年CO2数据,利用WRF模式进行CO2传输模拟,分析了CO2浓度变化的季节特征,评估了模式在城区中心、城郊及背景3个观测站点的模拟效果,并对边界层高度及化石燃料碳排放等可能影响CO2浓度的因素进行了研究。3个观测站点分别为北京中国科学院大气物理研究所325 m气象塔观测站(北京站)、河北香河观测站(香河站)和上甸子区域本底观测站(上甸子站)。模拟结果表明:上甸子站优于香河站,香河站优于北京站,在冬季尤其明显;CO2浓度的高值区主要分布在城区、电厂和工业区,尤其是唐山、石家庄和邯郸地区,大量交通、工业排放导致CO2浓度明显上升,且高值区的范围在冬季最大;就日平均变化和日变化而言,边界层高度与CO2浓度存在相反变化趋势;3个站点的化石燃料碳排放(FFECO2)与近地面总CO2浓度存在正相关关系,冬春季的相关性高于夏秋季,且FFECO2的占比从大到小依次为北京站、香河站、上甸子站;CO2传输模拟的不确定性存在空间差异和季节变化。  相似文献   

10.
锡林浩特草原CO2通量特征及其影响因素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用锡林浩特国家气候观象台开路涡度相关系统、辐射土壤观测系统,测得的长期连续通量观测数据,对锡林浩特草原2009—2011年期间的CO2通量观测特征进行了分析。结果表明:CO2通量存在明显的年际、季节和日变化特征。3 a中NEE年际变率达到200 g·m-2,季节变率最大达到460 g·m-2,日变化幅度生长季最大达到0.25 mg·m-2·s-1。通过不同时间尺度碳通量与温度、水分、辐射等环境因子的分析,认为CO2通量日变化主要受温度和光合有效辐射影响,而季节变化和年变化主要受降水和土壤含水量的影响。降水强度及时间分布是制约牧草CO2吸收的关键因素,大于15%的土壤含水量有利于促进牧草生长。  相似文献   

11.
CO2的地质埋存处理是减缓温室效应的现实选择之一。要保证埋存的有效性、安全性和持久性,需要对钻井(主要包括注入井和废弃井)、CO2地下分布运移状况以及因CO2渗漏所造成的环境影响等方面实施严格的监测管理。通过对以上各方面文献的查阅和综合分析,系统阐述了世界范围内目前CO2地质埋存过程中所采用的各项主要监测技术。  相似文献   

12.
CO2减排的宏观经济代价对处于不同发展阶段的国家有着巨大的差异,对此给出科学的估计具有重要的科学和现实意义。本文运用基于投入产出的多目标规划对中国CO2减排的宏观经济成本进行了估算。结果表明:CO2排放控制对我国经济的影响十分显著,在目前条件下,我国2010年CO2减排的宏观经济成本为3100~4024元/t CO2;而且减排的力度越大,相应的单位减排的宏观经济成本越高。采掘业、石油行业、化学工业、金属冶炼等行业和部门是CO2的高排放部门,但同时也是实现减排较有潜力的部门。  相似文献   

13.
This article analyses the determinants of CO2 emission for 15 post-Soviet Union independent (PSI) countries given their recent transition to market-based economies and their relatively high levels of corruption. The direct and indirect effects of economic growth on CO2 emission for the PSI countries are derived using a multiple-equation generalized method of moment (GMM) approach to account for simultaneity among corruption, growth and CO2 emission. A linear relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and CO2 emission was observed from the analysis. Furthermore, GDP influences CO2 emission directly, but also indirectly through its impact on corruption. Similarly, corruption affects CO2 emission directly, as well as indirectly through its impact on GDP. Political democracy and economic freedom increase CO2 emission indirectly through their impact on economic growth. Improved energy efficiency and the EU climate policy reduce CO2 emission, while inflows of foreign direct investment tend to increase CO2 emission.

Policy relevance

First, PSI countries need to invest more in efficient energy technologies to mitigate CO2 emission levels significantly. Second, PSI policies aimed at reducing deforestation (thereby increasing population density) may help mitigate carbon emission. Third, PSI countries would be well served to recognize the detrimental effects of foreign direct investment before embarking on a misguided policy path that attracts such inflows at any cost.  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT

The per capita CO2 emissions (PCCE) of many developing countries like China have been rising faster than total CO2 emissions, and display spatial divergence. Such temporal growth and spatial divergence will have a significant influence on efforts to mitigate CO2 emissions. Given the research gap on the impact of the structural transition in population on PCCE, we constructed an econometric model using the dynamic panel method. The results reveal that the population structural transition has a significant nonlinear impact on PCCE, as the rate of population growth in China decelerates. Both demographic ageing and urban-rural migration have a stronger impact on PCCE than other factors. This effect, however, decreases beyond a certain threshold. An increase in the number of households due to urbanization and family downsizing has resulted in a positive effect on PCCE, without a threshold turning point. The research also finds that an increased share of the service sector in employment can reduce PCCE only if the sector employs more than 31.56% of the total employed population. Overall, these findings indicate that policymakers should pay attention to the prominence of the demographic structural transition for effective climate policy.

Key policy insights
  • Policymakers should address rising per capita carbon emissions (PCCE) and their spatial divergence in future climate policies, not just total CO2 emissions.

  • The transitioning demographics of ageing and urbanization in China show a nonlinear, inverted U-shaped effect on PCCE instead of a continuously positive effect.

  • Based on the nonlinear effect of employment structure on PCCE, policymakers should focus on the relationship between the structural transition of the economy and PCCE in future climate mitigation policies.

  相似文献   

15.
1975-2005年中国铁路机车的CO2排放量   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
基于我国铁路部门逐年统计数据,计算了1975-2005年我国铁路机车的CO2排放量,分析了我国铁路机车CO2排放强度及其变化特点。结果表明,由于蒸汽机车不断被内燃机车和电力机车所取代,我国蒸汽机车CO2年排放量逐年降低,内燃机车的CO2年排放量逐年上升,铁路机车CO2总排放量由1975年的4223万t降至2005年的1640万t,CO2排放强度呈现明显的降低趋势,年均降低2.4 g /换算吨公里。我国铁路机车的CO2排放量占整个交通运输仓储和邮政行业CO2排放量的比重也呈逐年降低趋势。  相似文献   

16.
 通过对国际能源机构(IEA)最新公布的各国CO2排放量进行分析对比,结果显示,1990-2005年世界按购买力平价计算的CO2排放量整体呈下降趋势,降幅较大,而且在2000年之后基本保持稳定。经济合作与发展组织(OECD)国家按购买力平价计算的CO2排放量也有不同程度的减少,非OECD国家按购买力平价计算的CO2排放量与1990年相比整体上也呈现负增长,但各国情况相差较大。在人均排放量方面OECD国家普遍高于世界平均水平,而大多数非OECD国家则低于世界平均水平。  相似文献   

17.
Emissions from the production of iron and steel could constitute a significant share of a 2°C global emissions budget (around 19% under the IEA 2DS scenario). They need to be reduced, and this could be difficult under nationally based climate policy approaches. We compare a new set of nationally based modelling (the Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project) with best practice and technical limit benchmarks for iron and steel and cement emissions. We find that 2050 emissions from iron and steel and cement production represent an average 0.28?tCO2 per capita in nationally based modelling results, very close to the technical limit benchmark of 0.21?tCO2 per capita, and over 2.5 times lower than the best practice benchmark of 0.72?tCO2 per capita. This suggests that national projections may be overly optimistic about achievable emissions reductions in the absence of global carbon pricing and an international research and development effort to develop low emissions technologies for emissions-intensive products. We also find that equal per capita emissions targets, often the basis of proposals for how global emissions budgets should be allocated, would be inadequate without global emissions trading. These results show that a nationally based global climate policy framework, as has been confirmed in the Paris Agreement, could lead to risks of overshooting global emissions targets for some countries and carbon leakage. Tailored approaches such as border taxes, sectoral emissions trading or carbon taxes, and consumption-based carbon pricing can help, but each faces difficulties. Ultimately, global efforts are needed to improve technology and material efficiency in emissions-intensive commodities manufacturing and use. Those efforts could be supported by technology standards and a globally coordinated R&D effort, and strengthened by the adoption of global emissions budgets for emissions-intensive traded goods.

Policy relevance

This article presents new empirical findings on global iron and steel and cement production in a low-carbon world economy, demonstrates the risks associated with a nationally based global climate policy framework as has been confirmed in the Paris Agreement, and analyses policy options to deal with those risks.  相似文献   

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