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1.
地震反射方法探测城市活断层中的几个问题 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
目前用于城市活断层调查的主要地球物理方法为反射地震方法.由于城市各种干扰十分严重,为得到能够用于地质解释的地震剖面,往往采用较大偏移距、单边激发的观测系统,并在数据处理中,反复使用较窄频带的滤波器滤除干扰,提高地震记录的信噪比.这种方法技术对压制噪声有利,但却不利于探测对城市活断层调查十分有用的浅部地层,也不利于提高地震记录的分辨率.文章结合近几年的研究勘查工作,讨论了有助于探测超浅部地层和提高记录信噪比和分辨率的地震反射方法技术. 相似文献
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电法探测城市活断层的应用 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
地震灾害表明活动断层是产生地震的根源,且沿断层破坏最为严重。高密度电阻率法(HDR)、地质雷达(GPR)和瞬变电磁法(TEM)等方法在长春市的活断层试验探测工作中,结合城市内干扰背景强、干扰因素多和地表地质条件复杂等不利因素,通过对不同方法、不同数据处理过程和解释,选择有效的方法技术,取得了较理想的探测效果。结果表明,在长春市活断层调查中,电法是探测隐伏断裂既经济又有效的重要手段。 相似文献
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城市隐伏活断层地震勘探方法研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
兰晓雯 《地壳构造与地壳应力文集》2006,(1)
本文总结了目前城市隐伏活动断层地震勘探方法的最新进展。浅层高分辨率地震勘探是城市隐伏活断层探测手段中最有效、最可靠的方法之一。本文首先总结了地震勘探的基本方法,如地震反射波法、折射波法、面波法、横波分裂法和多波多分量地震勘探方法；其次,针对城市环境干扰大、场地条件复杂的情况．总结了提高浅层高分辨率城市地震勘探抗干扰能力的研究成果；最后,本文展望了相关技术的发展前景。 相似文献
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这里主要针对城市活断层浅层地震探测存在的一些技术问题,结合北京平原区活动断裂监测专项地质调查项目,在近地表第四系未固结沉积层中,发育许多具有相当规模的隐伏断裂,虽用纵波反射地震方法能够探测到它们的存在,但不能追踪到超浅层。结合以往的纵波资料,采用小道间距纵、横波联合勘探方法,获得了目标场地较清晰地震图像资料,并用钻井验证方法的可靠性。探讨了极浅层乐夫波等干扰波引起的假异常,需要在数据处理和解释的过程中,采取相应的技术措施消除影响,为今后类似地区活断层地震调查提供技术参考和科学依据。 相似文献
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文章讨论了用于工程地质和活断层调查的极浅层反射地震勘探中所采用的观测系统和相应去噪处理技术,并对叠前反褶积和叠后反褶积两种处理结果进行了对比分析. 相似文献
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王广科 《物探化探计算技术》2007,(Z1)
激发地震波的震源是地震勘探的关键因素,只有在震源激发出的地震波信号具有足够的能量和宽频带的前提下,才有可能接收到地下界面产生的反射波,也才使数据采集、处理和解释具有实际意义。这里介绍了二种用于城市活断层探测中的激发震源,并就其工作原理、技术指标、激发参数和对比试验效果进行了阐述,试验研究结果表明:夯击震源和可控震源均能满足城市活断层探测的需要。虽然如此,在城市活断层探测中,尤其在城市特定环境下(不允许炸药震源激发、各种外界干扰十分严重),仍需根据工作需要和测区实际情况,合理选取激发震源。 相似文献
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利用浅层地震反射法可勘查城市活断层，但城市干扰源较多，特别是车辆、建筑施工等干扰非常严重，给地震勘探和资料处理带来很大困难。根据各种干扰源的动力学特征，为压制干扰波，采取合理选择施工时间，激发接收参数及排列方式等措施。在数据处理中，利用滤波剩余静校正等方法提高信噪比，并对时间剖面进行相关一差分分析识别断层。 相似文献
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高分辨率城市活断层地震资料处理技术 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
高分辨率地震方法在城市活断层探测中,已成为一种不可缺少的方法技术。在活断层探测中,地震方法不但能确定断层的产状,而且还能确定断层的上断点。由于大多数地震资料都是在干扰背景较强的情况下取得的,高分辨率城市活断层中,地震资料处理的关键是在不降低地震记录分辨率的前提下,提高地震记录的信噪比。一般来说,提高地震记录的分辨率和信噪比是相互矛盾的。如何解决这一对矛盾,这里结合目前正在开展的城市活断层探测课题,进行了比较深入的研究,并取得了较好的处理效果。 相似文献
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地震勘探方法是当前探测城市活断层的主要物探方法。在新沂市活断层探测中,由于局部地区覆盖层较薄,单单依靠纵波反射法勘探,只能识别出来自于基岩顶面的反射波。一般情况下,根据地震反射剖面上单个同相轴的变化很难判定断层的准确位置及上断点的埋深。横波反射法分辨率高、分层能力强,能够弥补纵波反射勘探的缺点,因此可以提高勘探的精度;另外,该勘探区内个别断裂两侧存在两种不同年代的地层年代差异较大,两者在速度上有着明显的差异,利用地震层析成像法获得的地震速度剖面,能够反映地下速度结构的变化,可以从另一方面揭示浅埋断层的存在。通过对这几种物探方法取得的成果相互比较和综合分析,并结合地质资料得到了理想的物探成果,取得了良好的勘探效果。 相似文献
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The Indian subcontinent is characterized by various tectonic units viz., Himalayan collision zone in North, Indo-Burmese arc in north-east, failed rift zones in its interior in Peninsular Indian shield and Andaman Sumatra trench in south-east Indian Territory. During the last about 100 years, the country has witnessed four great and several major earthquakes. Soon after the occurrence of the first great earthquake, the Shillong earthquake (M w: 8.1) in 1897, efforts were started to assess the seismic hazard in the country. The first such attempt was made by Geological Survey of India in 1898 and since then considerable progress has been made. The current seismic zonation map prepared and published by Bureau of Indian Standards, broadly places seismic risk in different parts of the country in four major zones. However, this map is not sufficient for the assessment of area-specific seismic risks, necessitating detailed seismic zoning, that is, microzonation for earthquake disaster mitigation and management. Recently, seismic microzonation studies are being introduced in India, and the first level seismic microzonation has already been completed for selected urban centres including, Jabalpur, Guwahati, Delhi, Bangalore, Ahmadabad, Dehradun, etc. The maps prepared for these cities are being further refined on larger scales as per the requirements, and a plan has also been firmed up for taking up microzonation of 30 selected cities, which lie in seismic zones V and IV and have a population density of half a million. The paper highlights the efforts made in India so far towards seismic hazard assessment as well as the future road map for such studies. 相似文献
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本文介绍十五期间福建省将要实施建设的数字强震观测台网 ,着重从项目的必要性和方案的可行性方面进行论述 ,同时结合福建省的地震监测台网现状进行系统的设计。力求建成的强震观测系统能初步实现福建省属重点城市的地震烈度速报及典型场地强地震动记录获取双重功能 ,增强福建省的地震监测能力 ,为福建省地震灾害的减轻、有效救灾措施的实施以及防震减灾规划的制定提供基础依据 ;同时 ,也将为其他省市区域数字强震观测台网的建立提供示范样板 相似文献
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Estimation of seismic hazard in Gujarat region, India 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Sumer Chopra Dinesh Kumar B. K. Rastogi Pallabee Choudhury R. B. S. Yadav 《Natural Hazards》2013,65(2):1157-1178
The seismic hazard in the Gujarat region has been evaluated. The scenario hazard maps showing the spatial distribution of various parameters like peak ground acceleration, characteristics site frequency and spectral acceleration for different periods have been presented. These parameters have been extracted from the simulated earthquake strong ground motions. The expected damage to buildings from future large earthquakes in Gujarat region has been estimated. It has been observed that the seismic hazard of Kachchh region is more in comparison with Saurashtra and mainland. All the cities of Kachchh can expect peak acceleration in excess of 500?cm/s2 at surface in case of future large earthquakes from major faults in Kachchh region. The cities of Saurashtra can expect accelerations of less than 200?cm/s2 at surface. The mainland Gujarat is having the lowest seismic hazard as compared with other two regions of Gujarat. The expected accelerations are less than 50?cm/s2 at most of the places. The single- and double-story buildings in Kachchh region are at highest risk as they can expect large accelerations corresponding to natural periods of such small structures. Such structures are relatively safe in mainland region. The buildings of 3?C4 stories and tall structures that exist mostly in cities of Saurashtra and mainland can expect accelerations in excess of 100?cm/s2 during a large earthquake in Kachchh region. It has been found that a total of 0.11 million buildings in Rajkot taluka of Saurashtra are vulnerable to total damage. In Kachchh region, 0.37 million buildings are vulnerable. Most vulnerable talukas are Bhuj, Anjar, Rapar, Bhachau, and Mandvi in Kachchh district and Rajkot, Junagadh, Jamnagar, Surendernagar and Porbandar in Saurashtra. In mainland region, buildings in Bharuch taluka are more vulnerable due to proximity to active Narmada-Son geo-fracture. The scenario hazard maps presented in this study for moderate as well as large earthquakes in the region may be used to augment the information available in the probabilistic seismic hazard maps of the region. 相似文献
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浅层地震勘探在安阳市地震小区划中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张立柱 《水文地质工程地质》1999,26(1):53-55
本文介绍浅层地震勘探在安阳市地震小区划中的应用实例,着重论述了不同地震地质条件下采取灵活多变的技术措施,获得明显的地质效果。浅层地震勘探是城市地震小区划中不可缺少的重要勘探手段之一。 相似文献
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Earthquake characteristics and building damage in high-intensity areas of Wenchuan earthquake II: Dujiangyan and Pengzhou City 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
On May 12, 2008, a massive earthquake occurred along the Longmen Mountain Central Fault in Sichuan Province, China, causing serious damages to buildings near the fault. As the Longmen Mountain Central Fault and the Anterior Fault both traversed Dujiangyan and Pengzhou cities, the seismic intensity in these areas reached levels IX?CXI. Therefore, these two cities were among the most seriously damaged regions. In this article, the types of damage to buildings in the two cities and their affiliated towns or villages are investigated and reported. It is found that the damage to a building is related to its structure type, distance from the faults, and so on. The results provide valuable information on the seismic resistance of buildings in similar areas. 相似文献
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In the present study, the seismic hazard in northern Algeria is estimated using both physical strain energy release and Gumbel's extreme values approaches. For six of the most industrial and populated cities in Algeria, seismic hazard is assessed and examined in greater detail. Gumbel's extreme values approach has been used to estimate seismic hazard in terms of magnitude and P.G.A at each point of an equispaced grid all over the north of Algeria. An average attenuation relationship for PGA has been provided using known relations which have been established in regions with similar attenuation characteristics.The results are presented mainly in the form of graphs and contour maps of magnitudes (respectively PGA) with a 60% probability of not being exceeded in the next 100 and 200 years. Globally, they give main features of northern Algeria in terms of zoning (as well as in terms of magnitude and in terms of PGA). They corroborate the ones obtained through other works, especially in the basin areas (Mitidja, Cheliff, Soumam and Constantine Basin). 相似文献
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The seismic risks to which populations are exposed should be estimated reliably for mitigation and preparation of response to disastrous earthquakes. Three parameters need to be known: Population numbers, properties of the built environment, and the seismic hazard. If we focus on large cities, we can say that at least one of these is known satisfactorily, namely the population, but not the other two. In the developing world, the numbers of buildings in a city are known only approximately, their distribution into building types (resistance to shaking) has to be assumed, and the distribution of types throughout the city is unknown. Recent verification of the world seismic hazard map has shown that it is grossly misleading: Instrumental measurements of accelerations due to six earthquakes were about three times larger, on average, than the maximum likely accelerations shown on the map; the macroseismic intensities reported for the last 60 earthquakes with M ≥ 7.5 were all significantly larger than expected, based on the hazard map (by 2.3 intensity units for the 12 deadliest earthquakes); and calculations of losses of life based on the hazard map underestimate the losses sustained in the 12 recent earthquakes with more than 1,000 fatalities by two to three orders of magnitude. This means that the seismic risk in most of the approximately 1,000 large cities at risk in the developing world is unknown. To remedy this intolerable situation, models for the built environment in cities need to be constructed, using cost-effective analyses of satellite images, and worst case scenario estimates of the losses in case of the nearest maximum credible earthquake. 相似文献
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Earthquake disaster is still the number one among all natural disasters, particularly, in terms of destructive power in causing deaths. Can earthquake engineers control seismic casualties through the seismic design of buildings? For this purpose, a conception of casualty control based seismic design is presented and a “two-step decision-making” method is proposed for determining the optimum seismic design intensity (or ground-motion) for controlling both seismic death and economic losses. The key problems in establishing the model are to determine the appropriate socially acceptable level of earthquake mortality and establish the corresponding objective function and /or constraint conditions in determining the optimum seismic design intensity. Ten different grades of socially acceptable mortality are suggested and the final socially acceptable mortality level was proposed for seismic design based on a questionnaire that was distributed nationwide in China. Finally, the method was applied to eight cities with different seismic hazard in China and the effects of various grades of acceptable earthquake mortality on seismic design intensity are analyzed. 相似文献