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1.
在羌塘西部的三岔口一带泥盆系拉竹龙组中发现规模较大的生物礁———台地前缘礁。下层礁体厚7.28m,上层礁体厚40.98m。两个礁体均为叠置礁,礁体由礁基、礁核、礁顶组成。剖面显示发育有礁前垮塌角砾、礁格架、礁间及礁后环境。泥盆纪生物礁的发现为羌塘盆地寻找油气资源提供了新思路。 相似文献
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在藏北巴青县马如乡布曲组中发现中侏罗世Liostrea障积礁，据造礁生物不同可分为Liostrea障积礁和Cyanobacteria-Liostrea粘结－障积礁。它们多呈似层状和层状，单个礁体厚4－8m，累计总厚为20－25m。Liostrea是一种单体牡蛎状的双壳类动物，分为左右两瓣壳，左壳强烈膨凸，右壳扁平，系以左壳固着生活特化而成，在本区构成了Liostrea群落和Cyanobacteria-Liostrea群落，代表温暖、清洁的正常浅海环境。 相似文献
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藏北巴青中侏罗世Liostrea障积礁的发现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在藏北巴青县马如乡布曲组中发现中侏罗世Liostrea障积礁，据造礁生物不同可分为Liostrea障积礁和Cyanobacteria－Liostrea粘结—障积礁。它们多呈似层状和层状，单个礁体厚4～8m，累计总厚为20～25m。Liostrea是一种单体牡蛎状的双壳类动物，分为左右两瓣壳，左壳强烈膨凸，右壳扁平，系以左壳固着生活特化而成，在本区构成了Liostrea群落和Cyanobacteria－Liostrea群落，代表温暖、清洁的正常浅海环境。 相似文献
4.
在三叠纪-白垩纪，特提斯海域内发育有大量的生物礁岩，羌塘盆地内亦广泛发育。生物礁沉积序列可划分为4类：(1)浅滩相生屑灰岩、核形石灰岩→生物礁岩→开阔台地相泥晶灰岩→斜坡相角砾岩；(2)开阔台地相灰岩→生物礁岩→局限台地相白云质灰岩；(3)浅滩相生屑灰岩→滨岸相碎屑岩；(4)潮坪相粉砂岩、泥灰岩→潮坪砂坝生屑灰岩→生物礁岩→潮坪砂坝生屑灰岩→潮坪相泥灰岩。生物礁岩可分为骨架岩、障积岩与粘结岩3种成因类型。成岩作用有重结晶、胶结、压实、压溶与破裂、溶蚀作用等。主要孔隙类型包括原生孔隙、裂隙与溶蚀孔、缝三类。晚三叠世造礁生物主要为珊瑚和藻类；中晚侏罗世以珊瑚礁与海绵礁为主。生物礁岩以海进体系为主，高位体系域也有发育，低位体系域中少见。可分为珊瑚礁、海绵礁、藻礁和层孔虫礁。南羌塘坳陷西部以珊瑚礁为主，东部以海绵礁为主；北羌塘坳陷西部为藻类珊瑚礁、层孔虫礁，台地内部有珊瑚礁、海绵礁。按古地理位置可分为台地边缘礁和台地内部礁，前者分布规模大，在地震剖面上也有明显的反映，有可能成为重要的油气储层。生物礁的发育状况全球海平面升降所控制。 相似文献
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笔者2000年在青藏高原北缘东昆仑木孜塔格地区进行1：25万区调填图时，在阿尔格山北坡发现了较具大规模的早二叠世生物礁链。据有关资料，除中国地大（王永标，1996）在东昆仑阿尼玛卿首次发现二叠纪生物礁外，未见其它海西末期生物礁的报道。我国已发现的二叠纪生物礁主要分布在杨子地台及其周边。木孜塔格地区生物礁以阿尔格山北坡雪掌岭一带最为壮观。礁核相带较为齐全，宽约40~80 m，空间上呈NW—SE向分布。相带以北是以砂岩为主的复理石建造，夹有灰岩体；以南为大片的礁后相灰岩。在整个生物礁中，均可找到大量的Neoschwagerina sp.… 相似文献
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本文总结近40个礁体的特征后,提出南盘江坳陷内礁分为台缘礁和台隆礁两种,礁体中普遍发现沥青,多数富集在礁顶50m范围内,礁体邻近有较好的生油岩,礁顶有巨厚的三叠纪平尔关相泥质岩和碎屑岩覆盖,地腹台隆型构造存在,具有较好的生物礁气勘探前景。 相似文献
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黔南晚石炭世造礁珊瑚Ivanovia cf．manchurica古生态特征及成礁机制探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
黔南晚石炭世生物礁造礁生物研究主要以藻类为主，如叶状藻、管孔藻等。近几年，随着研究的不断深入，我们又陆续发现一些新型的造礁生物。其中重要的一种造礁生物是Ivanovia cf．manchurwa群体泡沫状珊瑚。通过野外观察和室内工作，我们认为：Ivanovia cf．manchurica是黔南晚石炭世的重要造礁生物，在晚石炭世地层中普遍发育，其古生态特征在不同环境中具有明显差异，生长方式明显不同，构成独特的生态类型。lvanovia cf．manchurica主要有四种生长方式：覆盖式、缠绕式、包覆式和孤立分布式。其不同生长方式、古生态类型决定着是否成礁以及成礁方式和礁体规模。其中覆盖式、缠绕式两种生长类型多构成大小不一的礁体，而包覆式、孤立分布式生长类型则分布零散，成礁性不明显。Ivanovia cf．manchuria礁体的发现和造礁生物研究，丰富了晚石炭世生物礁的类型，为F／F事件后石炭纪礁体重建提供了典型实例，有助于石炭纪礁体研究工作的深入开展。 相似文献
8.
广西宁明亭亮茅口组生物礁古油藏为十万大山盆地已暴露破坏的礁石油藏之一。亭亮生物礁为大新（崇左）台地边缘发展起来的大型堤礁。礁的主要造架生物为海绵、水螅、苔藓虫及藻类等，其沉积组合具礁基、礁核、礁盖、礁间滩及礁前等亚相。该石油藏的含沥青储层主要位于礁体的上部和顶部，含沥青礁灰岩厚达９８ｍ以上。礁储层次生溶孔的形成与分布主要受控于深埋有机溶蚀作用，同时在空间上还与礁顶部古风化壳和不整合面密切相关。烃源 相似文献
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<正> 小茨山珊瑚礁剖面位于安徽含山县城南4km处的小茨山东坡,地层为和州组,礁体南北向延展100余米,地层倾向北西。下伏高骊山组为生物碎屑钙质泥岩,厚0.2m,棕 相似文献
11.
Stromatoporoid growth forms and Devonian reef fabrics in the Upper Devonian Alexandra Reef System,Canada – Insight on the challenges of applying Devonian reef facies models 
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下载免费PDF全文 Existing facies models for Devonian reef systems can be divided into high‐energy and low‐energy types. A number of assumptions have been made in the development of these models and, in some cases, criteria that distinguish important aspects of the models are poorly defined. The Upper Devonian Alexandra Reef System contains a variety of reef fabrics from different depositional environments and is ideal for studying the range of environments in which stromatoporoids thrived and the facies from these different environments. A wide variety of stromatoporoid growth forms including laminar, tabular, anastamosing laminar and tabular, domal, bulbous, dendroid, expanding conical, concave‐up whorled‐laminar, concave‐up massive tabular and platy‐multicolumnar are present in the Alexandra Reef System. The whorled‐laminar and massive tabular concave‐up growth forms are virtually undocumented from other Devonian reefs but were common in the reef front of the Alexandra, where they thrived in a low‐energy environment around and below fair‐weather wave base. In contrast, high‐energy parts of the reef margin were dominated by bioclastic rubble deposits with narrow ribbon‐like discontinuous bodies of laminar stromatoporoid framestone. In the lagoon, laminar stromatoporoids formed steep‐sided sediment‐dominated bioherms in response to sea‐level rise and flooding. Relying mostly on the different reef facies in the Alexandra system, a new classification scheme for Devonian reef fabrics has been developed. Devonian reef fabrics can be classified as being: (i) sediment‐laden metazoan dominated; (ii) metazoan–microbial dominated (boundstone); (iii) metazoan dominated (framestone); or (iv) metazoan–marine cement dominated. Distinction of these fabrics carries important sedimentary and palaeoecological implications for reconstructing the depositional environment. With examples from the Alexandra Formation, it is demonstrated that reef facies accumulated in a range of depositional environments and that the simple observation of massive stromatoporoids with or without microbial deposits does not automatically imply a high‐energy reef margin, as otherwise portrayed in a number of the existing facies models for these systems. 相似文献
12.
Facies, geometry and geological significance of Late Ordovician (early Caradocian) coral bioherms: Lourdes Formation, western Newfoundland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Late Ordovician coral bioherms in the Lourdes Formation of western Newfoundland exhibit a complex mixing of architectural elements, including framework, boundstone and suspension deposits. The bioherms occur within a narrow (16 m) stratigraphic interval, and a prominent unconformity truncates the interval of bioherm growth and tops of many of the bioherms. The buildups developed along a carbonate ramp. They occur isolated and in groups, individuals in groups are aligned in parallel orientation. The sizes of the bioherms range from small (50–100 cm) coral piles to columnar and dome‐shaped masses (1–15 m); however, topographic relief was never more than ≈1 m. Bioherm construction reflects: (i) stacking of the tabulate coral Labyrinthites chidlensis, and less common stromatoporoids; (ii) accumulation of microbial‐stromatoporoid boundstone and suspension deposits within shelter cavities between corals; and (iii) detrital bioherm‐flank skeletal grainstone beds. Trypanites borings are common in the tops of coral heads. The bioherms exhibit three growth‐development stages: (i) seafloor stabilization, wherein rare, abraded coral colonies lie scattered within pelmatozoan/skeletal grainstone lenses; (ii) colonization, wherein corals (L. chidlensis), rare stromatoporoids (Labechia sp.), and other biota (bryozoans) produced a bioherm overlying the basal sediment base; and (iii) diversification, which is marked by a more diverse range of fauna and flora as well as occurrence of shelter‐cavity deposits. The diversification stage usually makes up more than 70% of a bioherm structure, and, in some defines multiple periods of start‐up and shut‐down of bioherm growth. The latter is defined by bored omission surfaces and/or deposition of inter‐bioherm sediment. The Lourdes bioherms have a similar ecological structure, biotic diversity and depositional environment to patch reefs in the equivalent Carters Limestone in Tennessee. The mixture of coral stacking and boundstone as architectural elements identify an Early Palaeozoic transition of reef‐design development along shallow‐water platforms that began to displace the muddy (boundstone, bafflestone) carbonate buildups more typical of the Early and Middle Ordovician time. 相似文献
13.
A Study of Devonian Reefs from Southern China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
G.FLAJS 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(4):727-739
Three Devonian reefs (bioherms) from Yunnan and Guangxi, southern China, are studied in detail. Six microfacies types are differentiated. Colonial rugose corals (Columnaria, Disphyllum and Hexagonaria) at Qujing, tabulate corals (Alveolites) with massive stromatoporoids (Actinostroma and Stromatoporella) and sponges at Panxi, and massive stromatoporoids (Actinostroma, Trupetostroma and Stromatoporella) at Yangshuo belong to the most important reef builders. All the three reefs studied clearly reveal a successive evolution history. They developed on the carbonate banks, shallow carbonate platforms and platform margins in the Late Givetian and terminated in the Frasnian due to sea-level falls related to local uplifts of platforms. This coincides with a eustatic fall of relative sea level at the Frasnian/Famennian transition. 相似文献
14.
湖南中部地区,泥盆系发育良好,岩相变化显著,蕴藏有丰富的层控铅锌矿、黄铁矿矿床,著名的具有层控矿床特征的锡矿山锑矿床也出现于该层位中。本文试图在讨论本区加里东期构造背景、泥盆系岩相变化及层控矿床特点的基础上,说明基底断裂、岩相和层控矿床之间的联系。这种关系在国内外其它层位的层控矿床中,也是具有普遍意义的。在我国,除湘中地区外,湘西、桂北、黔西、秦岭等地的许多层控矿床,均与基底断裂控制的不同岩相带有关。在国外,H.Skall(1975)曾详细论证了北东东向深大断裂与著名的加拿大派因帕因特铅锌矿床的岩相和矿化作用的关系。M.J.Russell(1968)也指出爱尔兰石炭系中的层控贱金属矿床受该区南北向的加里东断裂的控制。 相似文献
15.
在西澳大利亚坎宁盆地泥盆纪生物礁组合和东澳大利亚昆士兰州密西西比纪生物礁详细调查和研究的基础上, 通过分析晚泥盆世至密西西比纪生物礁组合在古特提斯海4个不同地区的发育形式和演化特征对西澳大利亚坎宁盆地与中国桂林晚泥盆世生物礁组合以及东澳大利亚昆士兰与中国广西和西日本秋吉台密西西比纪的生物礁进行对比.第一次从构造、地层、古纬度和古气候方面来探讨古东特提斯海和北特提斯海晚泥盆世至密西西比纪生物礁的发育异同, 研究成果改进了对西澳大利亚、东澳大利亚、华南和西日本4个地区生物礁发育的认识, 从而可在全球角度上去探讨控制晚古生代生物礁发育的各种因素.研究的地质时段包含重要的生物绝灭事件, 也是温室向冰室的转折时期, 是全球范围造礁生物演替、更新和重新繁盛的阶段.研究成果对认识晚泥盆世至密西西比纪全球范围内造礁生物和生物礁类型与早、中泥盆世的区别, 对研究全球在这一时期古气候和古环境的变化都具有重要的意义. 相似文献
16.
埋藏反馈及其对生物礁发育的作用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
底栖生物与基底之间的关系十分密切,基底的性质直接影响生物的生活特性及分布。死亡生物的硬体骨骼大量堆积,将改变底栖生物生态环境的基底性质,产生埋藏反馈作用,从而使底栖生物群落发生演替。生物礁的初期发育阶段直接受到埋藏反馈的影响。本文结合国内外有关资料,系统论述了埋藏反馈及其对生物礁发育的影响。 相似文献
17.
贵州独山中泥盆统生物礁中同生滑塌构造及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贵州独山泥盆系是典型的浅海碳酸盐岩台地相沉积。独山鸡窝寨村中泥盆统鸡窝寨组下部发育由障积岩、粘结岩、骨架岩和生物砾灰岩等所构成的小型丘状生物礁,造礁生物主要为层孔虫和珊瑚。礁体内发育小型褶皱和小型断层等变形构造,褶皱以平卧褶皱和紧密褶皱为主,且转折端多以尖棱状和圆弧状为主,而小型断层则主要为小型的逆断层和分布于褶皱转折端的小型张性断层。礁体内的变形构造特征以及正常沉积的钙质泥岩基底和灰岩盖层共生表明,该生物礁形成过程中曾发生过可能与中泥盆世吉维特期黔桂海火山活动相关的同生变形滑塌,且可能与吉维特期黔贵海处较为频繁的火山活动相关。 相似文献
18.
Ardiansyah Koeshidayatullah Khalid Al‐Ramadan Geraint Wyn Hughes 《Geological Journal》2016,51(5):704-721
The Al‐Jawf area of northern Saudi Arabia provides spectacular outcrops of Early Devonian carbonate bioherms in the Wadi Murayr and Dumat Al‐Jandal areas. These carbonate bioherms belong to the Qasr Member of the Late Pragian–Early Emsian Jauf Formation (~405 Ma) and are surrounded by a bioclastic carbonate succession. The Qasr Member is the first major carbonate unit of the Palaeozoic succession in Saudi Arabia that mainly consists of microbialite carbonates and metazoan reefs exhibiting distinct mound features. These bioherm complexes and their associated carbonate facies are pervasively dolomitized. Stratigraphic, petrographic and geochemical analyses were conducted to determine the facies distribution and interpret their depositional and diagenetic processes. A total of 11 facies are identified from a range of depositional environments within a carbonate platform system, ranging from tidal flats, lagoon, shoal, patch reefs to reef front. The main diagenetic processes are carbonate cementation and dolomitization. Dolomitization occurred as both fabric preserved (mostly in grain‐dominated facies) and fabric destructive (mud‐dominated facies). The microbialites and coralline sponges facies show poor reservoir with visual porosity less than 5%, but this succession may have a potential to serve as a good source for the underlying and overlying facies. Ooid and peloidal grainstone facies show fair to good visual porosity that locally exceeds 10% with intergranular porosity as the dominant type. However, in the most studied samples, vuggy and intraparticle porosities are observed as the dominant type. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Devonian reef complexes were well developed in Western Australia and South China, but no detailed direct comparison has been made between reef building in the two regions. The regions differ in several respects, including tectonic, stratigraphic and palaeoceanographic–palaeogeographic settings, and the reef building styles reflect minor differences in reef builders and reef facies. Similarities and differences between the two reef complexes provide insights into the characteristics of platform margins, reef facies and microbial carbonates of both regions. Here we present a comparison of platform margin types from different stratigraphic positions in the Late Devonian reef complex of the Canning Basin, Western Australia and Middle and Late Devonian margin to marginal slope successions in Guilin, South China. Comparisons are integrated into a review of the reefal stratigraphy of both regions. Reef facies, reef complex architecture, temporal reef builder associations, 2nd order stratigraphy and platform cyclicity in the two regions were generally similar where the successions overlap temporally. However, carbonate deposition began earlier in South China. Carbonate complexes were also more widespread in South China and represent a thicker succession overall. Platforms in the Canning Basin grew directly on Precambrian crystalline basement or early Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks, but in South China, carbonate complexes developed conformably on older Devonian siliciclastic strata. Pre-Frasnian reef facies in South China had more abundant skeletal frameworks than in Canning Basin reefs of equivalent age, and Famennian shoaling margins containing various microbial reefs may have been more common and probably more diverse in South China. However, Late Devonian platform margin types have been documented more completely in the Canning Basin. Deep intra-platform troughs (deep depressions containing non-carbonate pelagic sediments — Nandan-type successions) that developed along syndepositional faults characterize Devonian carbonate platforms in South China, but have no equivalent on the Lennard Shelf, Canning Basin where inter-reef areas were more shallow. The South China platform-to-depression pattern was generally continuous from the Lower to Upper Devonian, indicating that many pre-Devonian tectonic features continued to exercise considerable effect through deposition. Localized, fault-controlled subsidence was an important factor in both regions, but similarities in 2nd order aggradation–progradation cycles suggest that eustasy was also an important control on the larger scale stratigraphic development of both regions. 相似文献