共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 859 毫秒
1.
Izabela Golebiowska Tomasz Opach Jan Ketil Rød 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(2):237-252
Geographic visualization tools with coordinated and multiple views (CMV) typically provide sets of visualization methods. Such configuration gives users the possibility of investigating data in various visual contexts; however, it can be confusing due to the multiplicity of visual components and interactive functions. We addressed this challenge and conducted an empirical study on how a CMV tool, consisting of a map, a parallel coordinate plot (PCP), and a table, is used to acquire information. We combined a task-based approach with eye-tracking and usability metrics since these methods provide comprehensive insights into users’ behaviour. Our empirical study revealed that the freedom to choose visualization components is appreciated by users. The individuals worked with all the available visualization methods and they often used more than one visualization method when executing tasks. Different views were used in different ways by various individuals, but in a similarly effective way. Even PCP, which is claimed to be problematic, was found to be a handy way of exploring data when accompanied by interactive functions. 相似文献
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利用渭河流域21个气象站点1960-2015年逐日气象资料,应用一元线性趋势分析、Penman-Monteith模型和Morlet小波分析等技术手段分别研究年、月地表湿润指数,并对其进行标准化和气温、降水以及极端干旱事件的变化趋势计算,并分析年内变化规律,以期更好的揭示渭河流域近55 a气候的变化规律。结果表明：（1）渭河流域近55 a的气温总体上在波动中呈小幅增加的趋势,其中20世纪80年代中期到90年代初期气温的增长幅度较大,为气温升高的主要时期,年均降水量和极端干旱频率呈现小幅减少的趋势,下降的主要时期集中在80年代中后期到90年代初期和21世纪初。（2）小波周期分析发现渭河流域极端干旱事件的震荡周期尺度为13～15 a和25～30 a,气温震荡周期的时间尺度为13～15 a和25～30 a,年降水量的小波振荡周期为15～17 a和25～30 a。主震荡周期的时间尺度均为25～30 a,次震荡周期的时间尺度也较为接近,为13～15 a和15～17 a,说明三者的变化规律在一定程度上有一定的相似性。（3）研究区内5个区域的气候变化特征同时存在着一定的差异性,天水-西吉流域的年均降水量和极端干旱事件发生频率的减少幅度和年均气温的增加幅度是5个区域里变化最大的,吴其-状头区域的年均降水量和极端干旱事件的减少频率和年均温度的增加频率是5个区域里变化幅度最小的,但在总体上各区域气候要素变化趋势上是保持一致的。 相似文献
3.
Pedodiversity: a controversial concept 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
1 Conceptual introductionSpatial soil variation is a fundamental notion of pedology, formally expressed in the hierarchical system of soil taxonomy and soil associations[1,2]. Since the 1990s, a Spanish research team led by Ibá?ez has been presenting a possible approach to systematically analyze taxonomic diversity of pedosphere by methods employed in ecological studies, drawing a parallel with the concept of biodiversity in ecology. According to Ibá?ez et al., it would be quite reasonable … 相似文献
4.
Stig Roar Svenningsen Gregor Levin Martin Rudbeck Jepsen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2015,115(2):157-166
During the past century, the western hemisphere has seen a general trend of agricultural expansion on the behalf of semi-natural habitat types, such as heathlands and meadows. This has been documented in numerous studies of land use change. This trend is reflected in today’s European rural landscapes, which are dominated by intensive agriculture. However, many of these studies are based on cartographical sources, such as topographical and thematic maps, and thus prone to uncertainties regarding classification systems over time, variations in definitions of land use categories and lacking documentations of land use definitions. For this study, we conducted two change detection studies, covering the same four study areas in Denmark. The first study was based on topographic maps, and indicates a strong decline in the amount of semi-natural grassland (SNG). This was contrasted by the second study, which was based on an interpretation of aerial photos, and which indicated a much less pronounced reduction of SNGs. Year to year comparisons of these two analyses also revealed large discrepancies in the coverage of SNGs. Our results indicate that change detection studies must account for uncertainties in classifications and results should be interpreted with caution. 相似文献
5.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(2):127-151
This study deals with the use of quantitative methods to build up uniform or formal regions, the construction of farming-type regions in eastern Norway being used as an example. To achieve reasonable uniformity in the size of the basic areal units, some of the original administrative areas are first combined; the resulting areal units are then described by four orthogonal variables extracted by principal component analysis. Six different methods of aggregating the basic units to form regions are discussed, each method using the same measure of similarity (D2) between the basic units. The homogeneity of the regions produced by these methods is compared, and Ward's method (Ward 1963) shown to give the best (though not necessarily the optimal) solution. 相似文献
6.
新疆近20a风灾研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
风灾是新疆的主要气象灾害之一。新疆风灾每年平均造成24亿元的经济损失。依据大风对农牧业所造成的灾害事件的损失,对风灾时空变化进行评估,其重要意义在于给出了描述大风灾害损失等级划分的量化标准。研究得出:新疆风灾可比损失值随着工农业生产总值的增长而增加,而且增长速度比经济增长速度快;阿克苏、喀什风灾次数较多,强度最大,巴州重大风灾受灾次数最多,是风灾防范和灾后救助的重点地区,和田、吐鲁番因次数较多,强度较大,哈密强度较大,是风灾防范和灾后救助的次重点地区;风灾在作物生长和收获的季节4、5、6、8月份危害最大;建议增加防治风灾投入,改善生态环境,加快退耕还林、退耕还草进程,把阿克苏、喀什、巴州等作为风灾重点防范区,和田、吐鲁番、哈密作为风灾防范和灾后救助的次重点地区,4、5、6、8月份作为重点防范季节。 相似文献
7.
近47a塔克拉玛干沙漠周边地区气候变化 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
根据新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠周边12个气象台站1961—2007年的历史气候资料,采用线性回归、Morlet小波、Mann-Kendall突变检测和自然正交分解(EOF)等方法,对近47a的年平均气温、降水量、潜在蒸散量和地表干燥度等气候要素的基本变化特征进行了分析,结果表明:①年平均气温呈升高趋势,降水量呈增多趋势,年潜在蒸散量和地表干燥度总体呈减小趋势。受其综合影响,气候总体呈较明显的暖湿化趋势。但20世纪90年代初、中期以来,在气温持续上升的同时,潜在蒸散量和地表干燥度呈增大之势,即气候出现了"暖干化"的迹象,该现象值得关注。②突变检测表明,年平均气温在1970年发生了突变性的升高,降水量在1981年发生了突变性的增多,而潜在蒸散量和地表干燥度在1981年发生了突变性的减小。③气温、降水、潜在蒸散量和地表干燥度分别存在准3a、8a的年际尺度和16～23a的年代际尺度的周期性变化。④12站的年平均气温、降水量、潜在蒸散量和地表干燥度等4要素的最主要空间分布特征均是同向变化。 相似文献
8.
Sarah Moser 《Area》2008,40(3):383-392
Over the past two decades there has been much focus across the social sciences and humanities on issues of positionality. However, in this literature the related issue of personality has not been a consideration despite its profound ability to shape both the research process and product. This paper draws on the wide body of literature on positionality as well as the work of psychologists concerned with understanding personality and emotional intelligence. Through discussion of my fieldwork experiences in Indonesia, I will illustrate some of the limitations of how positionality has been discussed and make a case for further attention to be paid to how personality affects the process of field research and, by extension, the production of knowledge. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯高原近40a气候变化研究 总被引：26，自引：4，他引：22
鄂尔多斯高原特殊的地理位置对全球气候变化更为敏感,利用1961-2000年地面气温和降水记录,通过计算气候趋势系数和气候倾向率描述鄂尔多斯高原气候空间变化特征。结果表明,40 a来本区气温有明显上升趋势,平均气温以0.43℃·(10a)-1幅度升高。全年各月气温都在上升,但冬季升温最剧烈,达0.82℃·(10a)-1,其中12月可达1℃·(10a)-1,为全年之首。夏季最弱,仅0.31℃·(10a)-1。本区增温幅度比较剧烈,大于内蒙古全区平均水平。冬、夏增温差异导致气温年较差减小。20世纪60年代年平均气温是下降的,从70年代开始上升,90年代上升最剧烈。冬季温度变化与年均温一致,但夏季不同,90年代以前夏季温度是降低的,到90年代夏季温度上升趋势十分明显。温度升高的程度存在区域差异,西北部最强,东南部最弱。降水的趋势变化不很明显,年降水量略有减少,秋季降水量减少比其他季节明显。降水变化也有区域差异,南部比北部降水量减少明显,毛乌素沙漠及以南降水倾向率为-18.3 mm·(10a)-1,而北部接近于零。气候变暖会使蒸发量增大,从而导致干旱,气温持续增高再加上降水量减少则形成干旱化,对生态环境和地方经济会产生重大影响。 相似文献
10.
地面风除了受大范围环流影响外,还受地形影响较大。新疆既有大的盆地,又有高山垭口,造就了特殊的新疆地面风场。利用新疆54个气象站1980—2004年,每日4个时次的地面风资料,分析了该地区地面风场的长期特征,并进行经验正交函数分解。研究表明,新疆长期地面风场北疆、东疆和南疆有显著差别,主要表现在风向的转变,即北疆总体表现为西北风,南疆表现为偏东风,东疆表现为由西北风向偏东风转换的反气旋性弯曲气流;新疆经向风的长期变化表现为南风距平加强,而纬向风则表现为东风距平加强;经向风在整个时间序列上有3~5 a的短期变化,而纬向风在整个时间序列上有3~6 a的短期变化,且都表现为随时间延续周期变长;经向风南风距平增大趋势的最大值发生在七角井,而北风距平增大趋势的最大值则在阿拉山口。纬向风西风距平增大趋势的最大值在七角井,东风距平增大趋势的最大值位于安德河;EOF分析表明,第一特征向量的贡献达到87.5％,而第一特征向量对应的时间系数的距平值以1987年和1999年为界,表现为“正负正”的趋势。 相似文献
11.
The term ‘synurbic’ is sometimes used within the more recent urban ecology literature to refer to a species that colonises or is found within urban ecosystems, but this is too simplistic an interpretation. We consider that the term should be reserved for species populations that have higher densities in urban compared to rural areas, as a quantifiable measure of preferential urban association. This paper clarifies the terms ‘synurbic’ and ‘synurbization’ and considers some of the problems of defining ‘urban’, before detailing some of the positive responses exhibited by urban species that may lead to synurbic populations. It may be particularly important to determine whether responses drive directional selection leading to adaptation and genetic differentiation, or are within the range of expected phenotypic plasticity, and observed responses are discussed within this context. Further investigation of species response to urban environments, including the frequency and significance of adaptation, will be important for understanding the emergence of synurbic populations and their implications for urban biodiversity and management. We hope that the terms defined here will form the basis for comparative studies of urban species. 相似文献
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Jason Laura Sergio J. Rey Luc Anselin 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):536-555
In this paper, we report efforts to develop a parallel implementation of the p-compact regionalization problem suitable for multi-core desktop and high-performance computing environments. Regionalization for data aggregation is a key component of many spatial analytical workflows that are known to be NP-Hard. We utilize a low communication cost parallel implementation technique that provides a benchmark for more complex implementations of this algorithm. Both the initialization phase, utilizing a Memory-based Randomized Greedy and Edge Reassignment (MERGE) algorithm, and the local search phase, utilizing Simulated Annealing, are distributed over available compute cores. Our results suggest that the proposed parallelization strategy is capable of solving the compactness-driven regionalization problem both efficiently and effectively. We expect this work to advance CyberGIS research by extending its application areas into the regionalization world and to make a contribution to the spatial analysis community by proposing this parallelization strategy to solve large regionalization problems efficiently. 相似文献
14.
André Skupin 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(6):1209-1232
Dr. David Mark is widely regarded as a path-breaking researcher in geographic information science. What are the structural and temporal characteristics of his intellectual contributions, as seen through the eyes of the broader academic community? Aiming to answer that question, this article presents a scientometric analysis of publications that have been cited alongside David Mark’s papers. In deliberate contrast to the widespread focus on using citation data to condense scientific impact into a handful of indicators, the methodological contribution of this study lies in its mix of computational and visualization approaches. In the search for latent domain structures, state-of-the-art practices in information science, bibliometrics, and network visualization are combined and extended. An initial network of 50,000+ publications and 4,000,000+ document co-citations undergoes a series of transformations reducing it to 9000 publications that are then clustered in a two-stage process, leading to 678 communities whose co-citation linkages are used to delineate 19 super-communities. To enable replication of this approach for other studies, much focus in this article is on detailed discussion of that workflow as well as on highlighting the reasoning behind the choices made among data sources and analytical methods. The topical evolution of David Mark’s domain of influence is explored in some detail, based on tabular and graphic representations of extracted community structures. Results confirm not only the enormous overall breadth of his influence but also how lasting and recurrent it has been in some areas. 相似文献
15.
To investigate the response of a remote boreal lake to recent climate warming, a 200-year varved sediment record from Rainbow Lake A (RLA), located in the northern boreal forest of Wood Buffalo National Park, straddling northern Alberta and the Northwest Territories (Canada), was investigated using diatom assemblages and biogenic silica concentrations. Diatom community composition, trends in diatom-inferred total phosphorus (TP) and biogenic silica levels all showed significant changes beginning between circa 1830 and 1840, coincident with the onset of increasingly warm June/July temperatures in northern Canada. We evaluated several hypotheses which may have caused these nutrient changes, including local anthropogenic disturbances, forest fires, increased atmospheric deposition of nutrients or pollen, and internal sources of nutrient regeneration. We concluded that TP is likely increasing as a result of enhanced internal cycling of phosphorus due to either increased thermal stratification in response to warmer summer temperatures and/or decreased meromictic stability. The results presented here, in combination with other recent paleolimnological research in northern latitude regions, suggest widespread aquatic response to increasing temperatures beginning in the 19th century. 相似文献
16.
近34 a青藏高原年气温变化 总被引：21，自引：9，他引：21
对高原地区34 a（1971—2004年）82站共13 883 d的逐日日平均气温、日最高气温和日最低气温资料进行了统计，用REOF方法进行了分区，并讨论了趋势变化，结果表明：①无论年平均气温，还是年平均最高气温和最低气温，以35°N为界的南北变化的区域特征明显。在年平均气温和年最低气温中，西藏地区的累计方差比青海地区大，年最高气温中青海地区的累计方差比西藏地区大。②青藏高原地区年温度的分布主要取决于海拔高度、地理位置和地形的影响，而年温度的标准差与高原地区年降水的分布相似,但趋势相反，标准差大的区域主要在高原的西北部和四川的西南部。③高原大部分地区年平均气温、年最高和最低气温基本上是以增温的趋势为主，高原的西北部地区年平均气温增温幅度最明显，尤其以柴达木盆地增温幅度最大，增加幅度为0.8℃·(10a)-1以上。年最高温度青海的增幅比西藏明显，而年平均最低温度西藏的增幅比青海明显。 相似文献
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David F. Watson Alistair I. Mees 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):563-572
Abstract We present the notion of a natural tree as an efficient method for storing spatial information for quick access. A natural tree is a representation of spatial adjacency, organised to allow efficient addition of new data, access to existing data, or deletions. The nodes of a natural tree are compound elements obtained by a particular Delaunay triangulation algorithm. Improvements to that algorithm allow both the construction of the triangulation and subsequent access to neighbourhood information to be O(N log N). Applications include geographical information systems, contouring, and dynamical systems reconstruction. 相似文献
19.
中国50a来沙尘暴变化特征 总被引：15，自引：11，他引：4
基于"中国强沙尘暴序列及其支撑数据集",对中国50a(1958—2007年)来沙尘暴时间和区域变化进行分析,揭示了中国沙尘暴时间和区域变化特征。结果表明,中国沙尘暴站时变化总体呈明显振动减少趋势,经历了两次迅速减少、两次大幅震动和两次和缓减少6个时期,每个时期约为8a,1983—2007年平均值比1958—1982年平均值减少58.4%。沙尘暴的站次平均持续时间年际变化不大,季节变化相差1倍以上,频发日期有延迟趋势,后25a比前25a平均延迟了7d左右。沙尘暴的区域分布呈现两多、两少和两个中心的分布特征,时间变化特征区域表现差异大,新疆南部和内蒙古中西部两个频发中心春季的沙尘暴强度和范围呈相反顺序演变,新疆沙尘暴6月频发。在总体站时减少的情况下,浑善达克沙地西北部和柴达木盆地西北部地区却有增加趋势。沙尘暴终止的年份线向北推移明显,在90°E以东的地区北移,最为明显的华北地区北移大约5个纬度,其范围的缩小和频次的减少共同决定了总体站时减少。 相似文献
20.
乌鲁木齐地区近50a降水特征分析 总被引：13，自引：6，他引：7
根据乌鲁木齐地区分布在不同垂直高度上的4个气象站近50 a的实测降水资料,运用回归分析、趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验、小波周期分析及变异分析等方法,分析了乌鲁木齐地区近50 a来降水变化特征。结果表明:(1)乌鲁木齐地区降水量时空分布极不均匀,空间分布上中山带的年平均降水量最大,为551.4 mm,其次是高山带,为458.4 mm,乌鲁木齐市区263.2 mm,达坂城最小,仅为71.8 mm;从时间分布来看,表现为较明显的季节分布差异,各地降水量主要集中在夏季,春季大于秋季,冬季最少。(2)近50 a来乌鲁木齐各地区的降水都呈明显增加的趋势,其中山前平原乌鲁木齐市区增加的幅度最大,降水趋势倾向率为26.02 mm/10 a,其次是高山带,倾向率为21.84 mm/10 a,中山带和达坂城倾向率分别为10.23 mm/10 a和8.55 mm/10 a。各地在年代际变化趋势上变现的不完全一致。(3)降水突变的时间各地不完全相同,山前平原区乌鲁木齐气象站降水发生突变时间出现在1982年,达坂城出现在1991年,高山带出现在1994年,而中山带没有明显的突变。(4)乌鲁木齐地区各地的降水量均存在准6 a的周期,6 a的周期可能是影响乌鲁木齐地区降水量的主导周期;山前平原区达坂城和乌鲁木齐降水波动较大,中山带和高山带表现相对稳定。 相似文献